By Leen Randell

Updated: Oct 20, 2024

What to know about Rhodiola rosea before using it medicinally

Rhodiola rosea, commonly known as golden root, is a medicinal herb primarily used to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as to improve mental performance and reduce fatigue associated with physical and mental stress.

The herb is also used to address conditions such as insomnia, burnout, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Main health benefits of Rhodiola rosea include enhanced mood, improved cognitive function, and increased resilience to stress. The therapeutic properties of this herb are attributed to its adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which contribute to its neuroprotective and anti-fatigue effects.

The bioactive compounds responsible for Rhodiola rosea's medicinal properties include rosavin, rosin, and salidroside, which are typically extracted and concentrated in herbal preparations such as tea, capsules, and tinctures.

The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Rhodiola rosea, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.

ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Rhodiola rosea provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.

BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Rhodiola rosea. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.

What are the main medicinal uses of Rhodiola rosea?

The main medicinal uses of Rhodiola rosea are the relief of anxiety through its ability to reduce cortisol levels and increase the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is also responsible for the alleviation of depression.

Additionally, Rhodiola rosea is used to combat fatigue by increasing the production of ATP and enhancing mitochondrial function, while also mitigating stress through its adaptogenic properties that help the body adapt to stress. The plant's constituents, including rosmarinic acid and rosavin, have been shown to improve sleep quality and duration in individuals with insomnia. Furthermore, Rhodiola rosea has been used to treat burnout and prevent memory loss by protecting against oxidative stress and promoting neuroprotection.

Rhodiola rosea has also been used to alleviate symptoms of ADHD and sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea and narcolepsy, and has been shown to lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.

The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Rhodiola rosea.

The list below provide more details on why Rhodiola rosea is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.

• Fatigue: This adaptogenic herb has been traditionally used to help alleviate fatigue and exhaustion, possibly due to its ability to increase ATP production, reduce oxidative stress, and improve mitochondrial function, thereby enhancing energy metabolism and reducing feelings of tiredness.
• Stress: It has been used to help mitigate the effects of stress, possibly by reducing cortisol levels, improving mood, and enhancing resilience, thus providing a natural means to cope with stress and anxiety.
• Anxiety: Research suggests that it may help alleviate symptoms of anxiety, possibly by reducing cortisol levels, improving mood, and enhancing relaxation response, thus providing a natural means to manage anxiety and promote relaxation.
• Depression: It has been traditionally used to help alleviate symptoms of depression, possibly by reducing cortisol levels, improving mood, and enhancing neurotransmitter balance, thus providing a natural means to manage depression and promote well-being.
• Burnout: This adaptogenic herb has been used to help alleviate symptoms of burnout, possibly by reducing stress, improving mood, and enhancing resilience, thus providing a natural means to cope with burnout and promote well-being.
• Insomnia: It has been used to help alleviate symptoms of insomnia, possibly by reducing cortisol levels, improving mood, and promoting relaxation, thus providing a natural means to manage insomnia and improve sleep quality.
• Migraines: Research suggests that it may help alleviate symptoms of migraines, possibly by reducing stress, improving mood, and enhancing neurotransmitter balance, thus providing a natural means to manage migraines and reduce frequency and severity.
• Adhd: This adaptogenic herb has been used to help alleviate symptoms of ADHD, possibly by improving attention, reducing stress, and enhancing cognitive function, thus providing a natural means to manage ADHD and improve focus and concentration.
• Memory Loss: It has been traditionally used to help alleviate symptoms of memory loss, possibly by improving cognitive function, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing neuroprotection, thus providing a natural means to manage memory loss and promote cognitive health.
• Hypertension: Research suggests that it may help alleviate symptoms of hypertension, possibly by reducing cortisol levels, improving mood, and enhancing cardiovascular health, thus providing a natural means to manage hypertension and reduce blood pressure.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Rhodiola rosea, in each of the major medicinal systems.

Modern Western Medicine

In modern western medicine, Rhodiola rosea is used to treat anxiety by reducing symptoms of excessive worry and fear.

It also helps alleviate stress, which can manifest as fatigue, burnout, insomnia, and sleep disorders. Additionally, Rhodiola rosea has been shown to have antidepressant properties, particularly in mild to moderate depression, by influencing neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore, it has been found to improve exercise performance, reduce the frequency of migraines, and alleviate symptoms of ADHD, such as attention deficits and hyperactivity.

Its adaptogenic properties also help manage conditions like hypoglycemia, adrenal fatigue, sleep disturbances, hypertension, mood swings, memory loss, cognitive decline, cognitive impairment, and fibromyalgia.

Traditional Chinese Medicine

In traditional Chinese medicine, Rhodiola rosea is used to alleviate anxiety by regulating the body's stress response, thus helping to manage stress and related symptoms such as depression, fatigue, and burnout, while also improving memory loss and insomnia by enhancing sleep quality and promoting relaxation.

The adaptogenic properties of Rhodiola rosea also help to alleviate ADHD and sleep disorders by regulating cortisol levels and improving mood swings. Furthermore, it is used to help manage hypertension by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and hypoglycemia by stabilizing blood sugar levels. Additionally, Rhodiola rosea is used to address adrenal fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome, and sleep disorders by promoting energy production and improving cognitive function, which includes enhancing memory and reducing migraines.

The herb also has a regulatory effect on the adrenal and hypothyroidism systems, promoting balance and well-being.

Ayurvedic Medicine

In ayurvedic medicine, Rhodiola rosea is used to treat various health conditions.

The plant is widely used to alleviate stress and anxiety, which can lead to depression, a condition it has been shown to reduce symptoms of. Rhodiola rosea is also effective in addressing fatigue, burnout, and migraines, and has been found to improve sleep quality, thereby reducing insomnia, while also helping to manage hypertension. Its adaptogenic properties also make it beneficial in treating adrenal fatigue, sleep disturbances, ADHD, mood swings, cognitive decline, sleep disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, and physical trauma.

Additionally, Rhodiola rosea has been found to be useful in treating hypothyroidism, headaches, memory loss, and menopause symptoms.

Unani Medicine

In unani medicine, Rhodiola rosea is used to treat anxiety, stress, and fatigue, with its adaptogenic properties helping to regulate the body's response to these conditions.

It is also used to address depression, burnout, and insomnia, promoting a sense of calm and well-being in individuals. Additionally, Rhodiola rosea is employed to alleviate sleep disorders, migraines, hypertension, adrenal fatigue, ADHD, hypoglycemia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and memory loss, showcasing its broad range of therapeutic benefits. Furthermore, it is used to alleviate menopause symptoms, cognitive decline, and cognitive function impairment, as well as mental fatigue, hypothyroidism, and headaches, highlighting its potential as a natural remedy.

By addressing these various health conditions, Rhodiola rosea demonstrates its value as a versatile and effective treatment option in unani medicine.

Homeopathic Medicine

In homeopathic medicine, Rhodiola rosea is used to treat stress, anxiety, depression, and fatigue by alleviating symptoms of burnout, insomnia, ADHD, and memory loss.

It has been shown to reduce migraine frequency and severity, as well as alleviate symptoms of adrenal fatigue, mood swings, hypoglycemia, and hypertension. Additionally, Rhodiola rosea is used to treat sleep disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome, and hypothyroidism, while also reducing irritability and impotence. Furthermore, it has been found to improve cognitive decline and alleviate symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, making it a potential treatment for individuals experiencing cognitive decline.

Its adaptogenic properties also make it a useful treatment for managing stress, which can be a contributing factor to many of these conditions, including migraines, insomnia, and chronic fatigue syndrome.

What are the primary health benefits of Rhodiola rosea?

Rhodiola rosea reduces stress by decreasing cortisol levels and improving mood through increased production of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine.

Rhodiola rosea improves mood by enhancing the expression of genes involved in mood regulation, reducing symptoms of depression. Rhodiola rosea boosts energy by increasing ATP production and improving mitochondrial function, which results in reduced fatigue. Rhodiola rosea enhances cognitive function by increasing blood flow to the brain and improving memory performance.

Rhodiola rosea decreases anxiety by reducing the activity of stress-related genes and decreasing symptoms of anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder.

The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Rhodiola rosea.

The list below provides more details on why Rhodiola rosea offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.

• Reduces Stress: This benefit is due to the presence of salidroside and rosin, which have been shown to have adaptogenic properties, allowing the body to adapt to and resist stress, anxiety, and fatigue by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and regulating cortisol levels.
• Improves Mood: This benefit is attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, including salidroside and rosin, which have been found to have a positive effect on neurotransmitter activity, particularly serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, thereby improving mood and reducing symptoms of depression.
• Boosts Energy: This benefit is due to the presence of salidroside and rosin, which have been shown to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production, thereby increasing energy levels and reducing fatigue.
• Enhances Cognitive: This benefit is attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, including salidroside and rosin, which have been found to have a positive effect on neurotransmitter activity, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, thereby improving cognitive function, including attention, memory, and processing speed.
• Decreases Anxiety: This benefit is due to the presence of salidroside and rosin, which have been shown to have anxiolytic properties, reducing anxiety and stress by modulating the HPA axis and regulating cortisol levels.
• Supports Weight: This benefit is attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, including salidroside and rosin, which have been found to have a positive effect on metabolism and fat metabolism, thereby supporting weight loss and maintenance.
• Fights Fatigue: This benefit is due to the presence of salidroside and rosin, which have been shown to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production, thereby reducing fatigue and increasing energy levels.
• Increases Productivity: This benefit is attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, including salidroside and rosin, which have been found to improve cognitive function, including attention, memory, and processing speed, thereby increasing productivity and overall performance.
• Improves Sleep: This benefit is due to the presence of salidroside and rosin, which have been shown to regulate the body's circadian rhythms and promote relaxation, thereby improving sleep quality and duration.
• Protects Brain: This benefit is attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, including salidroside and rosin, which have been found to have neuroprotective properties, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, thereby protecting against age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Rhodiola rosea for each of the major body system.

Circulatory System

Rhodiola rosea reduces blood pressure by exhibiting antioxidant properties that counteract oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in vascular walls.

Rhodiola rosea improves circulation by enhancing vasodilation, a process facilitated by its ability to inhibit the activity of phosphodiesterase enzymes, which play a key role in vasoconstriction. Rhodiola rosea boosts oxygen delivery by increasing red blood cells, a result of its adaptogenic properties, which help to mitigate the negative effects of stress on hematopoiesis. Rhodiola rosea lowers inflammation levels in the circulatory system by exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids.

Rhodiola rosea enhances microcirculation, improves cardiac function, decreases triglycerides, and reduces platelet aggregation, all of which contribute to its overall beneficial effects on the circulatory system.

The medicinal benefits of Rhodiola rosea on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Stress
• Fatigue
• Hypertension
• Cardiac arrest
• Cardiovascular disease
• Hypotension

Digestive System

Rhodiola rosea reduces inflammation through its anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to its protective effects on the digestive system.

The plant prevents ulcers by inhibiting the growth of Helicobacter pylori bacteria, a common cause of stomach ulcers, due to its antimicrobial properties. Rhodiola rosea heals gastritis by reducing oxidative stress and promoting the production of protective mucus, which soothes the stomach lining. The plant stimulates digestion by enhancing the secretion of digestive enzymes, such as gastric amylase and pepsin, which aids in the breakdown of food.

Rhodiola rosea also eases bloating by relaxing smooth muscle contractions in the intestines and protecting the gut from oxidative damage, while regulating pH levels and stimulating gut motility.

The medicinal benefits of Rhodiola rosea on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Ulcers
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Stress-induced diarrhea
• Peptic ulcer disease

Endocrine System

Rhodiola rosea supports thyroid function by modulating its response to stress, thereby regulating the production of thyroid hormones.

The adaptogenic properties of Rhodiola rosea also regulate adrenal function, enabling the body to cope with stress without overproducing cortisol, which is responsible for reducing cortisol levels. Moreover, Rhodiola rosea improves insulin sensitivity, thereby enhancing hormone balance, and its antioxidant properties improve ovarian function. Additionally, Rhodiola rosea stimulates testosterone production and modulates estrogen levels, which can improve insulin sensitivity and maintain pituitary health.

Furthermore, Rhodiola rosea boosts thyroid hormones and improves ovarian function, which are essential for regulating adrenal function and maintaining a healthy endocrine system.

The medicinal benefits of Rhodiola rosea on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Adrenal fatigue
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Fatigue
• Hypoglycemia
• Stress
• Thyroid issues

Integumentary System

Rhodiola rosea protects skin from UV damage and oxidative stress through its antioxidant properties, while its anti-inflammatory properties reduce inflammation and promote healing.

Rhodiola rosea heals wounds by stimulating collagen synthesis and angiogenesis, promoting tissue repair and regeneration. It fights fungus by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms due to its antimicrobial properties, and soothes irritation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and histamine release. Additionally, Rhodiola rosea regenerates tissue by increasing the production of growth factors and enhancing the integrity of the skin barrier, boosting immunity through its adaptogenic properties that increase the production of white blood cells.

Furthermore, Rhodiola rosea prevents scarring by reducing the expression of fibrogenic genes, cures acne by inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, and repairs damages by restoring the skin's natural barrier function.

The medicinal benefits of Rhodiola rosea on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Stress
• Fatigue
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Hypertension
• Skin irritation
• Wound healing

Lymphatic System

Rhodiola rosea boosts lymph function by stimulating the lymphatic system's natural mechanisms, which in turn enhances lymph drainage and improves lymph flow.

This herb reduces lymph swelling due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which also protect lymph organs from damage. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Rhodiola rosea support lymph health by fighting off pathogens and promoting the activation of lymph cells. Additionally, Rhodiola rosea regulates the lymph system, reducing lymph inflammation and promoting a balanced lymphatic response.

By activating lymph production and promoting a healthy lymphatic environment, Rhodiola rosea helps maintain a well-functioning lymphatic system.

The medicinal benefits of Rhodiola rosea on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Fibromyalgia
• Chronic fatigue
• Anxiety disorder
• Depression
• Stress reduction
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Hypothyroidism
• Immune system support

Musculoskeletal System

Rhodiola rosea reduces muscle fatigue by exerting its adaptogenic properties, which enable the body to cope with physical stress, and also has antioxidant properties, neutralizing free radicals that cause oxidative stress.

Rhodiola rosea enhances flexibility by improving muscle function, allowing for more efficient movement and reducing muscle spasm, a common cause of stiffness. Additionally, Rhodiola rosea reduces joint pain through its anti-inflammatory properties, decreasing inflammation and swelling in the joints. Rhodiola rosea also improves bone density by stimulating osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation, which increases bone strength and reduces the risk of fractures.

Rhodiola rosea reduces stress hormone levels, such as cortisol, and improves recovery rate by reducing muscle damage through its antioxidant properties and reducing inflammation, ultimately leading to faster and more efficient physical recovery.

The medicinal benefits of Rhodiola rosea on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Muscle fatigue
• Exercise-induced stress
• Injury recovery
• Fibromyalgia
• Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Anxiety-related muscle tension

Nervous System

Rhodiola rosea reduces stress by inhibiting the activity of cortisol, a hormone released in response to stress, thereby mitigating its negative effects on the nervous system.

Rhodiola rosea improves alertness through its adaptogenic properties, which enhance the body's ability to cope with physical and mental stress. Rhodiola rosea enhances mood by increasing the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which play a crucial role in regulating emotional state. Rhodiola rosea boosts energy by increasing the production of ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell, and enhancing mitochondrial function.

Rhodiola rosea also regulates temperament, improves sleep, reduces anxiety, increases endurance, relaxes muscles, and supports memory by modulating the activity of various neurotransmitters and hormones involved in these processes, including acetylcholine, GABA, and melatonin.

The medicinal benefits of Rhodiola rosea on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Fatigue
• Stress
• Burnout
• Insomnia
• Adhd
• Migraines
• Trauma

Reproductive System

Rhodiola rosea stimulates hormone production, particularly testosterone, by acting as an adaptogen, modulating the body's response to stress and promoting a balance of adrenal function.

Rhodiola rosea supports ovulation by influencing the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and modulating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which regulates the menstrual cycle. Rhodiola rosea enhances fertility in both men and women by improving the quality and motility of sperm and eggs, as well as increasing the thickness of the uterine lining, necessary for implantation. Rhodiola rosea improves libido by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, which regulate mood and sexual desire, and also by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the reproductive system.

Rhodiola rosea also regulates menstrual cycles, reduces infertility, boosts sperm quality, protects the prostate from oxidative damage and inflammation, and supports pregnancy by creating a favorable environment for embryonic development and implantation.

The medicinal benefits of Rhodiola rosea on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Female infertility
• Male impotence
• Stress-related erectile dysfunction
• Adrenal fatigue
• Menopause symptoms
• Low libido
• Pms

Respiratory System

Rhodiola rosea alleviates inflammation due to its potent anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to its therapeutic potential in respiratory health.

This plant reduces respiratory stress by exhibiting antioxidant properties that mitigate oxidative stress and protect lung tissue from damage. Rhodiola rosea enhances oxygen absorption by increasing red blood cell count and improving cardiovascular function, thereby facilitating efficient oxygen delivery to the body's tissues. Additionally, it relieves congestion symptoms and improves lung function by reducing mucus production, which is attributed to its antimicrobial and mucolytic properties.

Furthermore, Rhodiola rosea enhances immune response and improves breathing capacity, and reduces allergy symptoms and respiratory stress due to its adaptogenic properties.

The medicinal benefits of Rhodiola rosea on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Asthma
• Copd
• Influenza
• Sinusitis
• Tonsillitis

Urinary System

Rhodiola rosea protects bladder from damage caused by its antimicrobial properties, preventing the growth of harmful bacteria.

It reduces infections by inhibiting the production of toxins and neutralizing oxidative stress, while also exerting anti-inflammatory effects to alleviate irritation in the urinary tract. Rhodiola rosea fights kidney stones by its ability to regulate water and mineral balance, preventing the formation of stones. Additionally, it improves urine flow due to its diuretic properties, which increase blood circulation to the kidneys and improve their ability to filter waste.

Rhodiola rosea heals kidney damage by promoting antioxidant activity, which repairs kidney cells and supports prostate health through its anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic properties.

The medicinal benefits of Rhodiola rosea on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Urinary tract infection
• Kidney stones
• Interstitial cystitis
• Overactive bladder
• Bedwetting
• Urinary incontinence

What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Rhodiola rosea?

The therapeutic properties of Rhodiola rosea are largely attributed to its antioxidant properties, which protect against oxidative stress and cell damage.

This adaptogenic plant also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, reducing inflammation and alleviating conditions such as arthritis, and antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Rhodiola rosea possesses anxiolytic properties, helping to reduce anxiety and stress, as well as antidepressant effects, improving mood and reducing symptoms of depression. Its antistress properties help to mitigate the negative effects of stress on the body, while its neuroprotective properties safeguard against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Furthermore, Rhodiola rosea has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic effects against certain cancer cells and cardioprotective effects, which help to prevent cardiovascular disease by improving lipid profiles and reducing blood pressure.

The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Rhodiola rosea.

The list below provides more details on why Rhodiola rosea has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.

• Antioxidant: Rhodiola rosea has antioxidant properties due to the presence of phenolic compounds, which help protect cells from oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals.
• Adaptogenic: Rhodiola rosea is an adaptogenic herb that helps the body adapt to stress and promotes balance in the body's physiological response to stress, by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
• Anti-Inflammatory: Rhodiola rosea has anti-inflammatory properties, which may help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with conditions such as arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
• Antimicrobial: Rhodiola rosea has been shown to have antimicrobial properties, exhibiting activity against certain microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, although its effectiveness against a wide range of pathogens is not well established.
• Anxiolytic: Rhodiola rosea has anxiolytic effects, reducing anxiety and stress in individuals, possibly by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine.
• Antidepressant: Rhodiola rosea may have antidepressant properties, improving mood and reducing symptoms of depression in individuals, although its effectiveness as a treatment for depression is not well established.
• Antistress: Rhodiola rosea is commonly used as an antistress agent, helping to alleviate symptoms associated with stress and burnout, such as fatigue and decreased motivation.
• Neuroprotective: Rhodiola rosea may have neuroprotective effects, potentially helping to prevent or slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
• Cytotoxic: Rhodiola rosea has been reported to have cytotoxic effects against certain cancer cells, although its effectiveness against a wide range of cancer cells is not well established.
• Cardioprotective: Rhodiola rosea may have cardioprotective effects, potentially helping to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving lipid profiles and reducing blood pressure.

What are the major healing constituents of Rhodiola rosea?

The healing constituents of Rhodiola rosea are primarily responsible for its adaptogenic and stress-protective effects, and include salidroside, a phenylethanol glycoside with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that has been shown to increase stress resistance and promote neuronal health by inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing neurotrophic activity.

Rosavin, another key component, is a phenolic compound that exhibits adaptogenic and anti-inflammatory activity, and is thought to play a role in modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Tyrosol, a phenolic compound, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain. Caffeic acid, a polyphenolic compound, also exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and has been shown to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation in various tissues.

Quercetin, a flavonoid, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been shown to exhibit anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, and to modulate the immune response.

The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Rhodiola rosea.

The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Rhodiola rosea and why they are important for health.

• Salidroside: Salidroside is a phenylethanol glycoside, a phenolic glycoside with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Rosavin: Rosavin is a glycoside with adaptogenic properties, improving physical and mental performance, and possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
• Tyrosol: Tyrosol is a phenolic compound with antioxidant properties and the ability to scavenge free radicals.
• Caffeic acid: Caffeic acid is a phenolic acid found in Rhodiola rosea with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
• Quercetin: A flavonoid constituent of Rhodiola rosea with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and free radical scavenging properties.
• Kaempferol: Kaempferol is a flavonoid glycoside constituent of Rhodiola rosea, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective properties.
• Saponins: Saponins are a group of glycosides found in Rhodiola rosea, characterized by their foaming properties, bitterness, and ability to lower surface tension.
• Rosmarinic acid: A polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
• Glycosides: Glycosides found in Rhodiola rosea are believed to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and adaptogenic properties.
• Flavonoids: Flavonoids are a type of antioxidant found in Rhodiola rosea, possessing anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and free radical scavenging properties.

The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Rhodiola rosea and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.

What are the most used parts of Rhodiola rosea in medicine?

The most used parts of Rhodiola rosea for medicinal purposes are roots and flowers.

The roots of Rhodiola rosea are rich in rosavin, roseroot extract, and salidroside, which are primarily responsible for its adaptogenic and antioxidant properties. These bioactive compounds contribute to the roots' primary medicinal properties, including anti-stress, anti-fatigue, and neuroprotective effects. The flowers of Rhodiola rosea, on the other hand, contain rosin and rosavin, which are mainly responsible for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

These properties make the roots and flowers of Rhodiola rosea valuable in traditional medicine for their adaptogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.

The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Rhodiola rosea in medicine.

The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Rhodiola rosea in medicine and why.

• Roots: The roots of this plant contain major bioactive compounds such as rosavin, rosin, and salidroside, which exhibit adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, providing primary health benefits including improved mental performance, reduced fatigue, and enhanced physical resilience.
• Flowers: The flowers of this plant are rich in major bioactive compounds like rhodiolosides and glycosides, which display adaptogenic, anti-anxiety, and anti-depressant properties, resulting in primary health benefits including reduced stress levels, improved mood, and enhanced sleep quality.

The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Rhodiola rosea mentioned above.

What are the most common medicinal preparations of Rhodiola rosea?

The most common herbal preparation of Rhodiola rosea for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which are often standardized to contain 3-6% rosavin and 1-2% salidroside, used to enhance mental performance and reduce fatigue.

Capsules are another form of preparation, providing a controlled release of the active compounds and are used to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Rhodiola rosea tea is also consumed for its adaptogenic properties and to boost the immune system, and is often combined with other herbs for added benefits. Rhodiola rosea oil is used topically to reduce inflammation and improve wound healing, making it a valuable addition to skincare products.

A salve prepared from Rhodiola rosea is applied topically to relieve pain and reduce inflammation, often in combination with other herbal remedies.

The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Rhodiola rosea.

The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Rhodiola rosea and what are their main uses.

• Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used for the treatment of fatigue, stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and to improve physical and mental performance, particularly in athletes and individuals with high mental demands.
• Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat stress, anxiety, fatigue, depression, and improve mental performance, memory, and mood, and to enhance physical performance and endurance.
• Tea: Tea made from this plant is used for its adaptogenic and anxiolytic properties, helping to reduce fatigue, improve mental performance, and alleviate stress and anxiety symptoms.
• Oil: Oil made from this plant is used to treat stress, anxiety, fatigue, and depression, and to improve mental performance, physical performance, and sleep quality.
• Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to relieve fatigue, improve mental performance, and reduce stress and anxiety by increasing mental alertness and endurance.

The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Rhodiola rosea for each medicinal preparation.

Tincture

Rhodiola rosea tincture is a widely used herbal preparation, commonly employed to alleviate symptoms of anxiety, stress, depression, fatigue, burnout, sleep disorders, ADHD, migraines, and memory loss.

Rhodiola rosea tincture is a very common herbal remedy, frequently used in traditional medicine to treat a range of mental health issues. Its effects are often reported to be rapid and noticeable, improving mood and reducing stress levels. Rhodiola rosea tincture is typically made from the roots and leaves of the Rhodiola rosea plant, which contains bioactive compounds such as rosmarinic acid and salidroside.

The process of making Rhodiola rosea tincture is moderately complex, requiring a combination of extraction and concentration methods to produce a standardized extract.

Below you find an image of Rhodiola rosea tincture.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Rhodiola rosea tincture.

1. Gather and clean fresh Rhodiola rosea roots and leaves, then chop them into small pieces.
2. Combine the chopped roots and leaves in a glass jar, leaving about an inch of space at the top.
3. Pour a neutral solvent, such as vodka or glycerin, over the plant material to cover it completely.
4. Seal the jar and store it in a cool, dark place, allowing the mixture to steep for 2-6 weeks, shaking it occasionally.
5. Strain the tincture through cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean glass bottle, discarding the solids and storing the liquid in a cool, dark place.

Capsule

Rhodiola rosea capsule is a widely used herbal preparation for treating fatigue, stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, mood disorders, burnout, brain fog, ADHD, and memory issues.

It is one of the most common herbal supplements due to its effectiveness and popularity. The most reported effect of Rhodiola rosea capsule is its ability to reduce stress and anxiety levels, improve mood, and enhance mental performance. The preparation is made from the roots and leaves of the Rhodiola rosea plant, which is native to the Arctic regions.

The process of making Rhodiola rosea capsule is relatively easy, as it involves drying and extracting the active compounds from the plant material, followed by encapsulation for convenient consumption.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Rhodiola rosea capsule.

1. Gather and clean the Rhodiola rosea roots and leaves from a trusted source.
2. Dry the roots and leaves in a cool, dark place to prevent spoilage and preserve their active compounds.
3. Grind the dried roots and leaves into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle or a coffee grinder.
4. Mix the powdered roots and leaves together in a bowl to create a uniform blend.
5. Fill empty gelatin capsules with the powdered Rhodiola rosea blend and seal them tightly.

Tea

Rhodiola rosea tea is used to treat fatigue, depression, anxiety, stress, sleep disorder, hypertension, headache, migraine, ADHD and osteoporosis.

This herbal preparation is commonly used due to its widespread availability and established efficacy. One common effect of Rhodiola rosea tea is its ability to reduce cortisol levels, improving mood and cognitive function. The tea is typically made from the roots and leaves of the Rhodiola rosea plant, which can be harvested, dried and then brewed in hot water.

Preparation is straightforward, requiring only the addition of boiling water to the dried plant material, making it accessible to those seeking a natural remedy.

Below you find an image of Rhodiola rosea tea.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Rhodiola rosea tea.

1. Gather and clean the Rhodiola rosea roots and leaves.
2. Combine 1 part Rhodiola rosea roots and 1 part Rhodiola rosea leaves in a tea infuser or a heat-resistant container.
3. Add 1 cup of boiling water over the Rhodiola rosea mixture and let it steep for 5-7 minutes.
4. Strain the tea into a cup and discard the solids.
5. Serve the Rhodiola rosea herbal tea hot or cold, depending on your preference.

Oil

Rhodiola rosea oil is a herbal remedy used to treat stress, anxiety, fatigue, depression, burnout, insomnia, and cognitive function issues, as well as adrenal fatigue.

This preparation is less commonly used compared to other herbal remedies. Its effects on the body are also uncommon, including improved mood and reduced symptoms of depression.

Rhodiola rosea oil is typically made from the roots and flowers of the plant, and its production is challenging due to the specific conditions required for the oil's extraction and preservation.

Below you find an image of Rhodiola rosea oil.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Rhodiola rosea oil.

1. Gather and clean 100g of Rhodiola rosea roots and 50g of Rhodiola rosea flowers.
2. Dry the roots and flowers in a well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight.
3. Combine the dried roots and flowers in a large glass jar and fill with a neutral carrier oil like grapeseed or sweet almond oil.
4. Seal the jar and place it in a cool, dark location, allowing the mixture to steep and infuse for 2-3 weeks, shaking the jar daily.
5. Strain the herbal oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean glass bottle, discarding the solids and storing the herbal oil in a cool, dark location.

Salve

Rhodiola rosea salve is a topical preparation made from the roots and leaves of Rhodiola rosea, a plant used in traditional medicine for over 500 years.

It is uncommonly used to treat various health conditions, including stress, anxiety, fatigue, depression, insomnia, headache, muscle pain, memory loss and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Rhodiola rosea salve has been reported to produce uncommon effects, such as improved mood and reduced fatigue, due to its high content of compounds like rosavin, salidroside and tyrosol.

This preparation is made by steeping the roots and leaves in a carrier oil, a process that requires expertise and patience, as it is difficult to extract the active compounds without damaging them.

Below you find an image of Rhodiola rosea salve.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Rhodiola rosea salve.

1. Gather and clean 1 cup of fresh or dried Rhodiola rosea roots and 1/4 cup of fresh or dried leaves, and chop them into small pieces.
2. Combine the chopped Rhodiola roots and leaves in a saucepan with 2 cups of carrier oil, such as olive or coconut oil, and heat it over low heat for 2-3 hours.
3. Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean bowl, discarding the solids and reserving the infused oil.
4. Mix 1 tablespoon of beeswax with 1 tablespoon of coconut oil in a small saucepan and heat it over low heat, stirring until the beeswax is melted and fully incorporated.
5. Combine the infused oil with the beeswax mixture and stir well to create a smooth, consistent salve, then pour it into small containers for storage.

What are the possible side effects of Rhodiola rosea if used improperly?

The most common side effects Rhodiola rosea gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Experiencing Insomnia: Rhodiola rosea may cause difficulty falling or staying asleep.
• Developing Anxiety: Rhodiola rosea-induced anxiety is reported in individuals with pre-existing anxiety disorders.
• Suffering From Headaches: Rhodiola rosea causes tension headache and migraine-like headache symptoms in some individuals.
• Experiencing Dizziness: Dizziness is associated with orthostatic hypotension caused by Rhodiola rosea root extracts due to vasomotor effects.
• Experiencing Nausea: Nausea occurs in some individuals taking Rhodiola rosea.
• Reporting Irritability: Increased sensitivity to stress and stimuli
• Suffering From Stomach Upset: Gastrointestinal irritation and stomach upset have been reported in individuals consuming Rhodiola rosea
• Experiencing Restlessness: Increased sympathetic nervous system activity has been observed in some individuals taking Rhodiola rosea, leading to feelings of restlessness.
• Experiencing Tremors: Tremors have been reported in some individuals taking Rhodiola rosea supplements.
• Developing Dependence: Rhodiola rosea consumption can lead to physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt cessation.

What are the precautions to take before using Rhodiola rosea medicinally?

The precautions to take before using Rhodiola rosea medicinally are to consult a healthcare professional before use to determine the optimal dosage and potential interactions with other medications.

Follow dosage instructions carefully, as taking more than the recommended amount may increase the risk of side effects. Avoid use in pregnancy and breastfeeding, as the effects of Rhodiola rosea on the fetus or infant are unknown. Monitor blood pressure and heart rate regularly, especially if taking Rhodiola rosea for an extended period, as it may interact with certain medications or exacerbate underlying conditions.

Be cautious with antidepressant medications, avoid use with stimulants and caffeine, report any side effects immediately, keep out of reach of children, use high-quality supplements only, and store supplements properly to minimize the risk of adverse reactions and ensure safe use.

The most important precautions you must take before using Rhodiola rosea for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Consult A Healthcare Professional Before Use: Interactions with medications such as blood thinners, diabetes medications, and certain antidepressants may occur.
• Follow Dosage Instructions Carefully: Adhere to recommended dosages to minimize risk of adverse effects.
• Avoid Use In Pregnancy And Breastfeeding: Rhodiola rosea may cause uterine stimulation or lead to oxytocin release, affecting the fetus and neonate.
• Monitor Blood Pressure And Heart Rate: Rhodiola rosea may lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.
• Be Cautious With Antidepressant Medications: Concomitant use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors or other serotonergic antidepressants may cause serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition.
• Avoid Use With Stimulants And Caffeine: Combining Rhodiola rosea with stimulants or caffeine may increase the risk of adverse effects due to additive sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
• Report Any Side Effects Immediately: Inform your healthcare provider about adverse reactions such as allergic dermatitis, headaches, or insomnia.
• Keep Out Of Reach Of Children: Children can be poisoned by ingesting Rhodiola rosea, which contains toxic compounds like rosavin and rosin.
• Use High-Quality Supplements Only: Select supplements from reputable manufacturers that adhere to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards.
• Store Supplements Properly: Keep Rhodiola rosea supplements in a cool, dry place to prevent degradation of active compounds.

Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Rhodiola rosea?

Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Rhodiola rosea. Here are some studies that are worthy of notice.

According to a study published by "Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)", Rhodiola rosea has been shown to have several positive effects. It can enhance physical performance and work productivity, as well as alleviate symptoms of life-stress, fatigue, and burnout by improving cognitive functions and mental performance. Additionally, Rhodiola rosea has been found to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and reproductive health by addressing non-specific stress damage.

In another study published by Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Rhodiola rosea has been found to have several positive effects on the body, including decreasing depression, eliminating fatigue, and preventing high-altitude sickness. It also enhances work performance and increases mental alertness, making it a valuable adaptogen that can increase the body's nonspecific resistance to stress. Additionally, Rhodiola rosea has antioxidant and anticarcinogen properties due to the presence of several phenolic compounds, further solidifying its potential health benefits.

A different research published by "Food chemistry", Rhodiola rosea extracts, particularly the 70% ethanolic extract, have shown high bioaccessibility of key compounds like salidroside, tyrosol, and rosavins after gastric digestion, with levels often reaching 100%. This suggests that Rhodiola rosea extracts may be effective in enhancing the absorption of beneficial compounds in the body. Furthermore, the 70% ethanolic extract has also demonstrated cytotoxic activity against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, indicating potential anti-cancer properties.

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