American red oak
Quercus rubra · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Extensive (440 studies) · ★★★★★
American red oak, scientifically known as Quercus rubra, is a majestic deciduous tree valued for its therapeutic potential. Historically used in traditional medicine, its bark contains tannins and compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties, often utilized to treat skin irritations, digestive issues, and various inflammatory conditions.
Names
Common Names
- northern red oak
- red oak
- champion oak
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- Roble rojo americano
- Roble americano
- Erythrobalanus rubra
- roble rojo americano
German:
- Roteiche
- Amerikanische Roteiche
- Rot-Eiche
- Rot-Eiche
- Roteiche
- Amerikanische Rot-Eiche
French:
- Chêne rouge d'Amérique
- Chêne d'Amérique
- Chene rouge d'Amerique
- Chêne rouge
- chêne rouge damérique
- chêne boréal
- chêne rouge
- Chene rouge
- Chêne rouge d'Amérique
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Quercus rubraSynonyms
- Erythrobalanus rubra
- Quercus coccinea var. ambigua
- Quercus borealis f. flabellata
- Quercus borealis var. maxima
- Quercus maxima
- Quercus rubra var. latifolia
- Quercus rubra var. ramosissima
- Quercus rubra f. obovata
- Quercus rubra var. subserrata
- Quercus rubra var. maxima
- Quercus rubra var. latepinnatifida
- Quercus sada
- Quercus borealis
- Quercus borealis var. flabellata
- Quercus angulizana
- Quercus rubra f. houbae
- Quercus rubra f. juvenilis
- Quercus rubra var. pendula
- Quercus rubra var. ambigua
- Quercus rubra var. borealis
- Quercus rubra var. hispanica
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, placing it within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. It is further classified under the order Fagales and the family Fagaceae. Finally, its taxonomic identity is defined by its placement within the genus Quercus.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Fagales | WCVP |
| Family | Fagaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Quercus | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant, known scientifically as Quercus rubra, exhibits a specific distribution pattern across the northern reaches of the European continent. In Northern Europe, its presence can be documented within the borders of Denmark. It also maintains a geographical foothold throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Furthermore, the species is found extending into the Scandinavian regions of Norway. Finally, its range continues through the forested landscapes of Sweden.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Denmark | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Great Britain | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Ireland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Norway | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Sweden | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Austria | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Belgium | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Czechia-Slovakia | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Germany | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Hungary | WCVP |
Chemicals
Quercus rubra has 65 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Tannin, 2,6-Dimethoxybenzoquinone, ALUMINUM, ANTIMONY, ARSENIC.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Tannin | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 2,6-Dimethoxybenzoquinone | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ALUMINUM | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ANTIMONY | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ARSENIC | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ash | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| BARIUM | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| BORON | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| BROMINE | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| CADMIUM | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Tannin
- Dr. Duke
- Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
2,6-Dimethoxybenzoquinone
- Dr. Duke
ALUMINUM
- Dr. Duke
ANTIMONY
- Dr. Duke
ARSENIC
- Dr. Duke
Ash
- Dr. Duke
BARIUM
- Dr. Duke
BORON
- Dr. Duke
BROMINE
- Dr. Duke
CADMIUM
- Dr. Duke
Activities
Quercus rubra has 349 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Astringent, ACE-Inhibitor, AP-1-Inhibitor, ATPase-Inhibitor.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Astringent | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ACE-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AP-1-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ATPase-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Abortifacient | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Acarifuge | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Acnegenic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Allelochemic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| astringent | Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |