By Leen Randell

Updated: Oct 21, 2024

What to know about Pygeum africanum before using it medicinally

Pygeum africanum, commonly known as pygeum, is a traditional herbal remedy used to alleviate various health conditions, primarily benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland.

The main health benefits associated with pygeum include improved urinary flow, reduced frequency of urination, and alleviated symptoms of BPH. The herb's therapeutic properties are attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-androgenic activities. Pygeum africanum contains a range of bioactive compounds, including ferulic acid, isoflavones, and pentacyclic triterpenes, which contribute to its medicinal effects.

People often prepare pygeum in the form of a standardized extract, which is commonly used as a dietary supplement to support prostate health and alleviate associated symptoms.

The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Pygeum africanum, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.

ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Pygeum africanum provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.

BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Pygeum africanum. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.

What are the main medicinal uses of Pygeum africanum?

The main medicinal uses of Pygeum africanum are the relief of benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms, which are attributed to the presence of ferulic acid, a phenolic compound that inhibits 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme responsible for testosterone conversion to dihydrotestosterone, a hormone that promotes prostate growth.

This plant also helps alleviate prostatitis by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, properties that are linked to the presence of flavonoids, such as quercetin and kaempferol, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Additionally, Pygeum africanum has been shown to improve erectile dysfunction by increasing testosterone levels and improving blood flow, effects that are associated with the presence of beta-sitosterol, a phytosterol that inhibits the reabsorption of testosterone in the kidneys. Furthermore, the use of Pygeum africanum has been linked to a reduction in urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, urinary frequency, prostate issues, and nocturia, conditions that are often related to an enlarged prostate, and these effects are attributed to the plant's ability to improve prostate health and reduce inflammation.

The relief of lower urinary tract symptoms is also associated with the presence of saponins, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and to improve bladder function.

The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Pygeum africanum.

The list below provide more details on why Pygeum africanum is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: This plant is used for benign prostatic hyperplasia because it has been shown to reduce the size of the prostate and improve symptoms such as urinary frequency and nocturia by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a hormone that contributes to prostate growth.
• Prostatitis: This plant is used for prostatitis because it has anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms such as pain and urinary frequency associated with the condition.
• Erectile Dysfunction: This plant is used for erectile dysfunction because it has been shown to improve blood flow to the penis and enhance libido, likely due to its ability to inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin.
• Nocturia: This plant is used for nocturia because it has been shown to reduce the frequency of nighttime urination by improving the function of the bladder and reducing the amount of fluid in the body.
• Urinary Frequency: This plant is used for urinary frequency because it has been shown to improve bladder function and reduce the urge to urinate frequently, possibly by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin.
• Overactive Bladder: This plant is used for overactive bladder because it has been shown to improve bladder function and reduce the frequency of urination, possibly by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin.
• Urinary Incontinence: This plant is used for urinary incontinence because it has been shown to improve bladder function and reduce the frequency of incontinence episodes, possibly by improving the tone of the pelvic floor muscles.
• Kidney Stones: There is limited evidence to support the use of this plant for kidney stones, but it may be used to help prevent future stone formation by improving kidney function and reducing the concentration of minerals in the urine.
• Urinary Tract Infections: There is limited evidence to support the use of this plant for urinary tract infections, but it may be used to help prevent future infections by improving bladder function and reducing the frequency of urination.
• Enlarged Prostate: This plant is used for an enlarged prostate because it has been shown to reduce the size of the prostate and improve symptoms such as urinary frequency and nocturia by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a hormone that contributes to prostate growth.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Pygeum africanum, in each of the major medicinal systems.

Modern Western Medicine

In modern western medicine, Pygeum africanum is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, a condition characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland, which can cause urinary retention and lower urinary tract symptoms.

Additionally, Pygeum africanum is also effective in treating prostatitis, a prostate inflammation that can lead to urinary frequency, nocturia, and lower back pain. Furthermore, studies have shown that Pygeum africanum can alleviate symptoms of erectile dysfunction, which is often associated with an enlarged prostate and urinary incontinence. The plant is also used to treat overactive bladder, urinary tract infections, and lower urinary tract symptoms, as well as kidney stones and intermittent urination.

Moreover, research suggests that Pygeum africanum may also have benefits in the treatment of urinary incontinence, prostatitis, prostate cancer, lower back pain, hematuria, hirsutism, male pattern baldness, acne, and lower urinary tract infections.

Traditional Chinese Medicine

In traditional chinese medicine, Pygeum africanum is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, a condition characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland, which can cause urinary frequency and nocturia.

Pygeum africanum is also used to alleviate symptoms of prostatitis, such as lower back pain and lower urinary tract symptoms, and to support the treatment of prostate cancer by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. Additionally, it is used to treat urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections, as well as erectile dysfunction and urinary retention. Furthermore, Pygeum africanum is used to alleviate symptoms of overactive bladder, urinary urgency, and intermittent urination, and to support the treatment of enlarged prostate.

It is also used to treat polycystic kidney disease and to alleviate symptoms of kidney stones and hemorrhoids.

Ayurvedic Medicine

In ayurvedic medicine, Pygeum africanum is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia by reducing the size of the enlarged prostate, thus alleviating symptoms such as nocturia and urinary incontinence.

It is also used to treat prostatitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the prostate gland, through its anti-inflammatory properties, which also help in reducing lower urinary tract symptoms and lower back pain. Additionally, Pygeum africanum has been found to be effective in treating erectile dysfunction, urinary tract infections, and urinary frequency, as well as overactive bladder and enlarged prostate, which can lead to kidney stones if left untreated. Furthermore, it has been studied for its potential to treat prostate cancer and BPH symptoms, while also showing promise in alleviating intermittent urination and lower urinary tract symptoms, as well as being used to treat acne, psoriasis, and hirsutism, which are all related to hormonal imbalances.

Finally, Pygeum africanum has been researched for its impact on osteoporosis, although more studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Unani Medicine

In unani medicine, Pygeum africanum is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia by reducing symptoms and improving quality of life.

The plant is also employed to alleviate prostatitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the prostate gland, through its anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, Pygeum africanum is beneficial for patients suffering from erectile dysfunction, urinary frequency, nocturia, and enlarged prostate, as it helps to regulate prostate function and alleviate associated symptoms. It is also utilized to prevent the formation of kidney stones and alleviate urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, lower urinary tract symptoms, and urinary tract infections.

Furthermore, Pygeum africanum is used to treat hirsutism, acne, lower back pain, urinary retention, alopecia, impotence, incontinence, and premature ejaculation, making it a versatile treatment option in unani medicine.

Homeopathic Medicine

In homeopathic medicine, Pygeum africanum is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, which is characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland.

It is also used to alleviate prostatitis, a condition involving inflammation of the prostate gland, as well as erectile dysfunction, a condition characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain an erection. Pygeum africanum has been found to reduce symptoms of nocturia, urinary frequency, and urinary retention, while also exhibiting potential benefits for overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and kidney stones. Additionally, it has been studied for its effects on prostate cancer, lower urinary tract symptoms, and enlarged prostate, as well as its potential role in treating conditions such as osteoporosis, urinary tract infections, and erectile impotence.

Furthermore, it has been investigated for its effects on hirsutism, lower back pain, acne, psoriasis, and alopecia.

What are the primary health benefits of Pygeum africanum?

Pygeum africanum reduces prostate size and symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) through its high content of sterols, particularly beta-sitosterol, which inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a hormone linked to prostate growth.

It treats BPH by improving urine flow and reducing residual urine volume. Relieving urination issues, Pygeum africanum decreases the frequency of nocturia and increases the maximum urine flow rate. Decreases incontinence are also observed in patients who take Pygeum africanum, which may be due to the plant's ability to decrease the size of the prostate and alleviate urinary tract obstruction.

Pygeum africanum helps enlargement of the prostate by reducing the size of the gland and improving its function, which in turn improves libido and increases testosterone levels, reduces inflammation, soothes prostatitis, and enhances fertility by normalizing sperm count and motility.

The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Pygeum africanum.

The list below provides more details on why Pygeum africanum offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.

• Reduces Prostate: This benefit is associated with the reduction in the size of the prostate gland, which is a result of the presence of a group of compounds called triterpenoids, specifically beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid, and lupeol, in this plant. These compounds are known to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that promotes prostate growth.
• Treats Bph: This benefit is related to the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland, which is a result of the plant's ability to reduce inflammation and improve urine flow. The triterpenoids present in this plant have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which contribute to its therapeutic effects.
• Relieves Urination: This benefit is associated with the improvement in urine flow and the relief of urination difficulties, which is a result of the plant's ability to relax the muscles in the prostate gland and the bladder neck. The triterpenoids present in this plant have been shown to have a relaxing effect on these muscles, allowing for more efficient urination.
• Decreases Incontinence: This benefit is related to the decrease in urinary incontinence, which is a result of the plant's ability to improve urine flow and reduce the frequency of urination. The triterpenoids present in this plant have been shown to have a protective effect on the bladder and the urethra, reducing the risk of incontinence.
• Helps Enlargement: This benefit is associated with the reduction in the size of the prostate gland, which is a result of the plant's ability to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that promotes prostate growth. The triterpenoids present in this plant have been shown to have a suppressive effect on the growth of prostate cells.
• Improves Libido: This benefit is related to the improvement in libido and sexual function, which is a result of the plant's ability to increase testosterone levels and improve sperm quality. The triterpenoids present in this plant have been shown to have a stimulating effect on the production of testosterone.
• Increases Testosterone: This benefit is associated with the increase in testosterone levels, which is a result of the plant's ability to stimulate the production of testosterone by the testes. The triterpenoids present in this plant have been shown to have a stimulating effect on the testes, leading to an increase in testosterone production.
• Reduces Inflammation: This benefit is related to the reduction in inflammation, which is a result of the plant's ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. The triterpenoids present in this plant have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
• Soothes Prostatitis: This benefit is associated with the relief of prostatitis symptoms, which is a result of the plant's ability to reduce inflammation and improve urine flow. The triterpenoids present in this plant have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which contribute to its therapeutic effects.
• Enhances Fertility: This benefit is related to the improvement in fertility, which is a result of the plant's ability to increase testosterone levels and improve sperm quality. The triterpenoids present in this plant have been shown to have a stimulating effect on the production of testosterone and the development of sperm.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Pygeum africanum for each of the major body system.

Circulatory System

Pygeum africanum improves blood flow due to its vasodilatory properties, which are attributed to the presence of ferulic acid and other phenolic compounds that relax blood vessels and reduce vascular resistance.

By reducing blood pressure, Pygeum africanum helps to prevent cardiovascular stress and promote optimal heart function, thereby enhancing circulation and protecting heart health through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This plant's ability to stabilize blood flow is also beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk, as it prevents the formation of blood clots and maintains healthy blood vessel function, which in turn increases oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory properties of Pygeum africanum help to decrease inflammation in the circulatory system, further contributing to its cardiovascular benefits and supporting vasodilation, a critical process that enables blood vessels to expand and accommodate increased blood flow.

Pygeum africanum also boosts blood vessel health by promoting the production of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that plays a key role in maintaining healthy blood vessels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

The medicinal benefits of Pygeum africanum on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Prostatitis
• Erectile dysfunction

Digestive System

Pygeum africanum reduce inflammation in the digestive system through its anti-inflammatory properties, which in turn prevent digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome.

The antimicrobial properties of Pygeum africanum relieve gastrointestinal pain by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria in the gut. Improved gut motility is also observed in individuals using Pygeum africanum, enhancing the laxation process and mitigating diarrhea symptoms. Additionally, Pygeum africanum stabilizes bowel movements, treats constipation naturally by promoting regular bowel movements, and soothes irritated gut tissue with its antioxidant properties.

Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of Pygeum africanum boost gut immunity by reducing oxidative stress and preventing the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to the intestinal mucosa.

The medicinal benefits of Pygeum africanum on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Prostatitis
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Diarrhea

Endocrine System

Pygeum africanum reduces prostate size by inhibiting the growth of prostate tissue through its anti-androgenic properties, which block the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that promotes prostate growth.

This plant improves prostate health by relaxing prostate muscles and improving urinary flow, allowing for a more efficient elimination of urine. Pygeum africanum regulates hormone balance by modulating the production of hormones involved in prostate health, including testosterone and DHT. It also treats benign hyperplasia, a condition characterized by an overgrowth of prostate tissue, and prevents enlargement issues by reducing the size of the prostate gland.

Additionally, Pygeum africanum suppresses prostate cancer cell growth through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and decreases prostate ducts, reducing the risk of urinary retention and other prostate-related complications.

The medicinal benefits of Pygeum africanum on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Male pattern baldness
• Erectile dysfunction
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Hirsutism

Integumentary System

Pygeum africanum reduces inflammation by exerting anti-inflammatory properties, which also contribute to soothing skin irritations and preventing acne formation.

The antioxidant properties of Pygeum africanum protect skin cells from oxidative damage and enhance moisture barrier function, while its anti-androgenic properties suppress androgen activity, thereby increasing collagen production and improving skin elasticity. Pygeum africanum also stimulates hair growth through its ability to promote a healthy scalp environment. Additionally, Pygeum africanum's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties work together to fight skin aging, while its antimicrobial properties help to maintain the skin's natural barrier function.

The plant's ability to protect skin cells and enhance moisture barrier function also allows Pygeum africanum to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

The medicinal benefits of Pygeum africanum on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Prostatitis
• Hirsutism
• Acne
• Dandruff
• Psoriasis
• Eczema

Lymphatic System

Pygeum africanum reduces swelling in the lymphatic system by its anti-inflammatory properties, which help to alleviate edema.

This plant improves drainage by its diuretic effect, facilitating the removal of excess fluid and toxins from the body. Enhanced filtration is achieved through its antioxidant properties, which protect the lymphatic system from oxidative stress and damage. The antimicrobial properties of Pygeum africanum boost the immune system, enabling it to fight off infections and diseases more effectively.

By stimulating circulation and supporting detoxification, Pygeum africanum accelerates healing, reduces inflammation, maintains balance in the lymphatic system, and promotes relaxation through its adaptogenic properties.

The medicinal benefits of Pygeum africanum on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Prostatitis
• Enlarged prostate
• Prostate cancer prevention
• Urinary tract infections
• Erectile dysfunction
• Kidney stones

Musculoskeletal System

Pygeum africanum reduces inflammation by exerting anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to its content of ferulic acid, a polyphenol that inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

This reduction in inflammation facilitates the relaxation of muscles, alleviating muscle spasms and promoting muscle tone. Pygeum africanum also soothes joints by inhibiting the activity of 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a hormone that exacerbates joint degeneration. Additionally, it prevents degeneration by protecting cartilage from damage and promoting the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, essential components of cartilage.

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Pygeum africanum further contribute to its ability to lower pain, improve mobility, enhance flexibility, support tissue, lessen stiffness, and accelerate healing, ultimately promoting the health and well-being of the musculoskeletal system.

The medicinal benefits of Pygeum africanum on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Prostatitis
• Male infertility
• Prostate cancer
• Androgenetic alopecia
• Osteoarthritis

Nervous System

Pygeum africanum relaxation response is triggered by its flavonoid and phenolic compounds, which have a calming effect on the nervous system.

Reducing anxiety is facilitated by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help to reduce stress and promote relaxation. Stabilizing mood is achieved through the regulation of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, by its iridoid glycosides. Improving focus is enhanced by its stimulatory effect on the brain, which is attributed to its alkaloid content.

Pygeum africanum also has a regulating effect on hormones, with its isoprenoid compounds modulating the release of hormones, while soothing nerves is a result of its anti-inflammatory and calming effects, calming stress is achieved through its antioxidant properties, and stimulating brain function is facilitated by its flavonoids and phenolic compounds.

The medicinal benefits of Pygeum africanum on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Hypertension
• Anxiety
• Sleep disorders
• Migraines
• Epilepsy
• Tremors
• Insomnia

Reproductive System

Pygeum africanum improves prostate health through its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The plant's antioxidant properties reduce prostate enlargement by protecting the gland from oxidative stress and cell damage, leading to a decrease in prostate size. Stimulating testosterone production is attributed to Pygeum africanum's ability to regulate hormone balance, specifically increasing testosterone levels, thereby enhancing sperm motility and increasing libido levels. The plant's anti-androgenic properties protect against prostate cancer by blocking the effects of androgens on prostate cells, while its diuretic properties support urinary function, reducing symptoms of urinary frequency and urgency.

Pygeum africanum also improves erectile function and reduces andropause symptoms, making it a valuable treatment for men experiencing decreased libido and erectile dysfunction due to aging.

The medicinal benefits of Pygeum africanum on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Enlarged prostate
• Prostatitis
• Erectile dysfunction
• Low sperm count
• Infertility

Respiratory System

Pygeum africanum reduce inflammation by exerting its anti-inflammatory properties, which prevent congestion by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory compounds.

Pygeum africanum improve breathing by increasing nitric oxide levels in the lungs, thereby enhancing oxygenation and facilitating the transportation of oxygen to the body's tissues. Its antimicrobial properties soothe irritation in the respiratory tract, relieving allergies and calming asthma by reducing inflammation and constriction of airways.

Pygeum africanum clear mucus by stimulating the production of surfactant, a substance that reduces the surface tension of mucus, making it easier to expel, and strengthen lungs by increasing the levels of surfactant and improving lung elasticity, which regulate coughing by controlling the frequency and intensity of coughing spasms.

The medicinal benefits of Pygeum africanum on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Bronchitis
• Asthma
• Cough
• Tuberculosis
• Pneumonia
• Sinusitis

Urinary System

Pygeum africanum prevents prostate enlargement by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a hormone that contributes to prostate growth.

It reduces enlargement by exerting anti-androgenic effects, particularly through the inhibition of 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone. The plant relieves obstruction by increasing the outflow of urine from the prostate, thus alleviating urinary retention. Pygeum africanum improves urination by increasing the contractility of the bladder and reducing the tone of the urethral sphincter, allowing for more efficient urine expulsion.

Additionally, Pygeum africanum decreases frequency, eases discomfort, treats incontinence, reduces inflammation, stimulates detoxification, and boosts immunity due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, ultimately promoting a healthy urinary system.

The medicinal benefits of Pygeum africanum on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Urinary tract infections
• Prostatitis
• Nocturia
• Kidney stones

What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Pygeum africanum?

The therapeutic properties of Pygeum africanum are primarily attributed to its anti-inflammatory action, which has been demonstrated to reduce swelling and alleviate pain in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This effect is largely due to the presence of flavonoids and terpenoids, which exhibit antioxidant properties, scavenging free radicals and protecting the prostate gland from oxidative damage. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of Pygeum africanum has been shown to inhibit the growth of certain pathogens, including bacteria and fungi, thereby preventing infections and promoting wound healing. The analgesic properties of the plant have also been observed, providing relief from pain and discomfort associated with various conditions.

Furthermore, Pygeum africanum has been found to possess antibacterial, anti-androgenic, antihormonal, and antiproliferative properties, which contribute to its therapeutic effects in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer and hormone-related disorders.

The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Pygeum africanum.

The list below provides more details on why Pygeum africanum has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.

• Anti-Inflammatory: Pygeum africanum has been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, primarily due to the presence of ursolic acid, which has been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thereby reducing inflammation in various tissues.
• Antioxidant: Pygeum africanum has antioxidant properties, thanks to the presence of various phenolic compounds, including ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, which can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage, potentially contributing to its beneficial effects on health.
• Antimicrobial: Pygeum africanum has been found to possess antimicrobial properties, primarily due to the presence of ursolic acid and other triterpenoids, which have been shown to exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities, thereby preventing the growth and proliferation of microorganisms.
• Analgesic: Pygeum africanum has analgesic properties, primarily due to the presence of ursolic acid and other triterpenoids, which have been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thereby reducing pain and inflammation in various tissues.
• Antibacterial: Pygeum africanum has been found to exhibit antibacterial properties, primarily due to the presence of ursolic acid and other triterpenoids, which have been shown to inhibit the growth and proliferation of various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
• Anti-Androgenic: Pygeum africanum has been found to exhibit anti-androgenic properties, primarily due to the presence of ursolic acid and other triterpenoids, which have been shown to inhibit the activity of 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme involved in the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, thereby reducing the levels of this potent androgen in the body.
• Antihormonal: There is limited information available on the antihormonal properties of Pygeum africanum.
• Antiproliferative: Pygeum africanum has been found to exhibit antiproliferative properties, primarily due to the presence of ursolic acid and other triterpenoids, which have been shown to inhibit the growth and proliferation of various cancer cells, including prostate cancer cells.

What are the major healing constituents of Pygeum africanum?

The healing constituents of Pygeum africanum are primarily responsible for its medicinal properties.

Saponins present in Pygeum africanum have been found to have diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects due to their ability to inhibit 5-alpha-reductase enzyme, an enzyme involved in the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Flavonoids, including quercetin and kaempferol, have been identified as antioxidants that possess anti-androgenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Sterols, such as beta-sitosterol, have been found to have anti-inflammatory and androgenic blocking effects, which contribute to the herb's ability to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Glycosides and terpenoids present in Pygeum africanum have also been found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which further contribute to its medicinal effects.

The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Pygeum africanum.

The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Pygeum africanum and why they are important for health.

• Saponins: Saponins are a type of triterpene glycoside that are water-soluble, amphipathic compounds with surface-active properties.
• Flavonoids: A class of compounds found in Pygeum africanum, including flavanols, flavanones, and flavonols, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Sterols: Sterols are a type of plant sterol with properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cell membrane stabilizing effects.
• Glycosides: Glycosides found in Pygeum africanum are primarily known for their saponic properties, including foaming and hemolytic activities.
• Terpenoids: Terpenoids are present in Pygeum africanum and exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties.
• Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids from Pygeum africanum are a group of compounds consisting of ferulic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, and others, which are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
• Triterpenes: A group of naturally occurring compounds found in Pygeum africanum, characterized by the presence of multiple terpene units, including ursolic acid and lupeol.
• Alkaloids: Alkaloids from Pygeum africanum have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-androgenic, and antioxidant properties.
• Phenolic Acids: Phenolic Acids are a group of compounds found in Pygeum africanum, known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, and have been reported to have a role in protecting against cell damage, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating immune response.
• Fatty acids: Fatty acids are a group of constituents in Pygeum africanum, including oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, which are saturated and unsaturated, with varying chain lengths.

The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Pygeum africanum and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.

What are the most used parts of Pygeum africanum in medicine?

The most used parts of Pygeum africanum for medicinal purposes are the roots.

The roots of Pygeum africanum contain primarily isobutyramides, a type of saponin, and phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid. The primary medicinal properties of the roots include anti-androgenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. These bioactive compounds are thought to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, reduce inflammation, and protect against oxidative stress.

The roots of Pygeum africanum have been traditionally used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and other urinary disorders associated with aging.

The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Pygeum africanum in medicine.

The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Pygeum africanum in medicine and why.

• Roots: The roots of this plant contain major bioactive compounds such as ferulic acid, isorhapontigenin, and lupeol, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, providing primary health benefits including improved prostate health, reduced risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and alleviation of urinary symptoms.

The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Pygeum africanum mentioned above.

What are the most common medicinal preparations of Pygeum africanum?

The most common herbal preparation of Pygeum africanum for medicinal purposes are capsules, which typically contain a standardized extract of the plant's bark and are used to alleviate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), such as urinary frequency and nocturia.

Capsules are often used in conjunction with other treatments, including tinctures, which are liquid extracts of the plant that can be taken sublingually or added to water for ingestion, and are also used to treat BPH symptoms, particularly urinary retention. The oil extracted from Pygeum africanum is used topically as a salve to reduce inflammation and soothe skin irritations, making it a popular treatment for conditions such as eczema and dermatitis. Additionally, the plant can be consumed as a tea, which is made by steeping the bark in hot water, to aid in digestion and reduce symptoms of BPH.

Suppositories, made from the plant's bark, are inserted rectally to treat symptoms of BPH, particularly urinary retention.

The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Pygeum africanum.

The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Pygeum africanum and what are their main uses.

• Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms and reduce urinary frequency, urgency and nighttime awakenings.
• Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms and to reduce urinary frequency and urgency.
• Oil: Oil made from this plant is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, reduce urinary frequency and urgency, and improve urinary flow.
• Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms, such as improved urinary flow and reduced nocturia, and to support prostate health.
• Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to treat urinary symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, such as nocturia, dysuria and frequency, by reducing inflammation and improving urine flow.

The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Pygeum africanum for each medicinal preparation.

Capsule

Pygeum africanum capsule is a herbal remedy used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms, and male infertility.

It is one of the most widely used herbal supplements, commonly found in many health stores. A common effect of using Pygeum africanum capsule is an improvement in urinary flow and reduction in urinary frequency. The capsule is made from the roots of the Pygeum africanum tree, which is native to Africa.

The process of making Pygeum africanum capsule is relatively simple, involving drying and processing the roots into a capsule form.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Pygeum africanum capsule.

1. Gather dried Pygeum africanum roots from a trusted supplier or harvest them from a sustainable source.
2. Clean and dry the Pygeum africanum roots to remove any impurities or excess moisture.
3. Grind the cleaned and dried roots into a fine powder using a mill or grinder.
4. Mix the ground Pygeum africanum root powder with a capsule filler material, such as cellulose or starch, in a suitable ratio.
5. Fill empty capsules with the Pygeum africanum root mixture and seal them to create the herbal capsules.

Tincture

Pygeum africanum tincture is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, enlarged prostate, lower urinary tract symptoms, prostatitis, erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, kidney stones and infertility.

It is a common herbal preparation, widely used due to its effectiveness. One of the common effects of Pygeum africanum tincture is reduced prostate size, and improvement in urinary flow. The preparation is made from the roots of the Pygeum africanum tree, which is native to Africa.

Making the tincture is moderately difficult, requiring specific conditions and equipment to extract the bioactive compounds from the roots.

Below you find an image of Pygeum africanum tincture.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Pygeum africanum tincture.

1. Gather 1 cup of dried Pygeum africanum roots and clean them thoroughly.
2. Cut the roots into small pieces to increase their surface area for extraction.
3. Place the cut roots in a clean glass jar and cover them with 2 cups of 80-proof vodka.
4. Steep the roots in the vodka for 2-3 weeks, shaking the jar daily to facilitate extraction.
5. Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into another clean glass jar, discarding the solids.

Oil

Pygeum africanum oil is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, urinary frequency, prostatitis, lower back pain and male menopause.

This preparation is commonly used due to its effectiveness. Its common effect is reduction of symptoms and improvement of quality of life. Pygeum africanum oil is made from the roots of the Prunus africana tree, specifically the bark and root extracts.

The preparation is hard to make due to the need for precise processing and quality control to ensure the correct concentration of active compounds.

Below you find an image of Pygeum africanum oil.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Pygeum africanum oil.

1. Gather 500 grams of dried and crushed Pygeum africanum roots.
2. Combine the crushed roots with 500 milliliters of carrier oil such as sweet almond oil in a clean glass container.
3. Place the container in a double boiler or a warm water bath and heat it gently for 2-3 hours to allow the roots to infuse into the oil.
4. Remove the container from the heat source and let it cool completely before straining the oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean container.
5. Store the Pygeum africanum herbal oil in a cool, dark place and allow it to mature for a few days before using it.

Tea

Pygeum africanum tea is a herbal remedy used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, reducing symptoms such as enlarged prostate and urinary frequency.

It's also effective in addressing erectile dysfunction, prostate inflammation, urinary retention, and kidney stones, as well as urinary tract infections. Commonly used in Europe, Pygeum africanum tea is widely recognized for its therapeutic properties.

One of its common effects is improved urinary flow and reduced nocturia. The tea is made by infusing the roots of the African plum tree, Pygeum africanum, which is native to Africa.

It's relatively easy to make, as the dried roots can be steeped in hot water to create a soothing and potentially beneficial brew.

Below you find an image of Pygeum africanum tea.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Pygeum africanum tea.

1. Harvest and dry the roots of the Pygeum africanum tree.
2. Chop the dried roots into small pieces to enhance their potency.
3. Combine the chopped roots with boiling water in a saucepan to create a strong infusion.
4. Allow the mixture to steep for a period of time to release the herbal properties.
5. Strain the tea and discard the solids to enjoy the brewed Pygeum africanum herbal tea.

Salve

Pygeum africanum salve is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, prostatitis, erectile dysfunction, nocturia, and prostate cancer.

This preparation is not commonly used, but it has shown effectiveness in these conditions. Pygeum africanum salve has an uncommon effect, as it reduces prostatic-specific antigen levels and improves urinary flow rates. The preparation is made from the roots of the Pygeum africanum tree, which are rich in ferulic acid, beta-sitosterol, and other compounds that have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Making this salve is moderately difficult, as it requires a combination of traditional herbal preparation methods and modern pharmaceutical techniques, including extraction and standardization of the active ingredients.

Below you find an image of Pygeum africanum salve.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Pygeum africanum salve.

1. Gather and clean dried Pygeum africanum roots for use in the herbal salve.
2. Combine the roots with a carrier oil such as coconut or olive oil in a clean glass jar.
3. Steep the root mixture in the carrier oil in a warm, dark place for several weeks, shaking the jar periodically.
4. Strain the oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into another clean glass jar, discarding the solids.
5. Mix the infused oil with a natural wax such as beeswax and a preservative if desired, then heat the mixture until the wax melts to create the herbal salve.

What are the possible side effects of Pygeum africanum if used improperly?

The possible side effects of improperly using Pygeum africanum are experiencing stomach upset, developing diarrhea, and showing signs of dizziness, which can be caused by consuming excessive amounts of the plant's bark.

Additionally, suffering from insomnia is a potential side effect, particularly in individuals who are sensitive to the plant's flavonoids and phenolic acids. Experiencing dry mouth, noticing headaches, and experiencing palpitations may also occur due to the plant's ability to interact with certain medications. Furthermore, showing signs of anxiety and experiencing nausea are possible side effects, especially in individuals who are prone to mood swings.

In severe cases, developing a skin rash is a possible side effect, which may be a sign of an allergic reaction to the plant's compounds.

The most common side effects Pygeum africanum gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Experiencing Stomach Upset: Gastrointestinal disturbances occur in some individuals due to Pygeum africanum's content of ursane and oleanane triterpenes.
• Developing Diarrhea: Increased frequency of bowel movements leading to loose stools
• Showing Signs Of Dizziness: Dizziness occurs due to a decrease in orthostatic blood pressure caused by Pygeum africanum.
• Suffering From Insomnia: Pygeum africanum extracts can cause difficulty falling asleep and reduce sleep quality in some individuals
• Experiencing Dry Mouth: Pygeum africanum causes a decrease in saliva production.
• Noticing Headaches: Headaches occur due to increased cerebral blood flow.
• Experiencing Palpitations: Pygeum africanum may cause an increase in heart rate and rhythm disturbances.
• Showing Signs Of Anxiety: Pygeum africanum extract induces anxiety in some individuals.
• Experiencing Nausea: Pygeum africanum may cause gastrointestinal distress, including nausea due to isopimarane content.
• Developing Skin Rash: Skin irritation occurs due to allergic reaction to Pygeum africanum

What are the precautions to take before using Pygeum africanum medicinally?

The precautions to take before using Pygeum africanum medicinally are to consult a doctor before use, especially if you have a medical history or are taking medications.

It is also essential to follow recommended dosage to ensure safe and effective use. Monitoring blood pressure is crucial, as Pygeum africanum may interact with blood pressure medications or exacerbate hypertension. Additionally, report any allergic reactions or unexpected side effects to your doctor, and avoid interactions with medications that may be affected by Pygeum africanum.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding precautions are also necessary, as well as monitoring kidney and liver function, avoiding use with certain medical conditions, reporting changes in libido, and stopping use if side effects occur.

The most important precautions you must take before using Pygeum africanum for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Consult A Doctor Before Use: Individuals with kidney problems or taking certain medications should consult a doctor before using Pygeum africanum due to potential interactions and contraindications.
• Follow Recommended Dosage: Consume Pygeum africanum according to established dosing guidelines to minimize adverse effects.
• Monitor Blood Pressure: Hypertension is a potential side effect of pygeum africanum due to alpha-reductase inhibition, which can elevate blood pressure in some individuals.
• Report Allergic Reactions: Individuals experiencing skin rash, itching, or respiratory issues after taking Pygeum africanum should report allergic reactions to a healthcare provider.
• Avoid Interactions With Medications: Pygeum africanum interacts with digoxin, increasing risk of digoxin toxicity.
• Pregnancy And Breastfeeding Precautions: Pygeum africanum is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential effects on the fetus or infant.
• Kidney And Liver Function Monitoring: Blood tests are used to monitor kidney and liver function in patients taking Pygeum africanum.
• Avoid Use With Certain Medical Conditions: Pygeum africanum is contraindicated in patients with prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or urinary retention due to obstruction.
• Report Changes In Libido: Decreased libido has been reported in some individuals taking Pygeum africanum.
• Stop Use If Side Effects Occur: Discontinue Pygeum africanum if diarrhea, stomach cramps, or other side effects occur.

Related herbs to Pygeum africanum?

Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Mucuna pruriens