Putranjiva roxburghii

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Drypetes roxburghii
• Drypetes timorensis
• Drypetes roxburghii var. timorensis
• Cyclostemon teysmannii var. timorensis
• Cyclostemon racemosus
• Nageia putranjiva
• Pycnosandra timorensis
• Putranjiva sphaerocarpa
• Putranjiva amblyocarpa

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is organized under the order Malpighiales and the family Putranjivaceae. Finally, its specific taxonomic identity is defined by the genus Putranjiva.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a widespread distribution across several key regions in Asia. Within the Indian Subcontinent, it can be found growing in India, Bangladesh, and the state of Assam. Additionally, the species is documented throughout the East Himalaya region of the subcontinent. Beyond the Indian Subcontinent, its range extends into the southeastern parts of China. These diverse locations highlight the plant's broad ecological presence across South and East Asia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Putranjiva roxburghii is characterized by its existence as a perennial plant, allowing it to maintain its presence in the ecosystem over many years. As a phanerophyte, its growing shoots are elevated well above the ground, a trait reflected in both its classification as a phanerophyte and its specific life form designation. This species maintains an evergreen deciduousness, ensuring that it retains its foliage throughout the seasons rather than undergoing a seasonal shedding of leaves.

Deciduousness :

evergreen

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Putranjiva roxburghii is characterized by its stature as a woody tree, reaching a mean height of approximately 10 m. It is a terrestrial species that maintains an independent lifestyle, functioning neither as a parasite nor as an epiphyte. Unlike climbing species such as lianas or vines, this plant exhibits a self-supporting growth habit, possessing a robust and woody structure that allows it to stand upright without external support.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height mean:

10 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Putranjiva roxburgii is characterized by its specific metabolic and biochemical processes adapted to its growth environment. The plant utilizes a C3 photosynthetic pathway, meaning its carbon fixation process involves the initial fixation of carbon dioxide into a three-carbon compound through the enzyme RuBisCO. Furthermore, it does not function as a nitrogen fixer, as it lacks the specialized symbiotic relationship with diazotrophic bacteria required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for its metabolic needs.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Putranjiva roxburgii is characterized by a specialized reproductive strategy involving the production of fleshy, indehiscent drupes. These fruits are categorized as fleshy in nature, ensuring they remain intact rather than splitting open at maturity. The seeds contained within these fruits exhibit consistent physical properties, with a mean, minimum, and maximum seed mass recorded at 0.56818 g and a uniform seed volume of 650 mm³. In terms of pollination and genetic diversity, self-fertilization is absent, suggesting a reliance on cross-pollination mechanisms. The dispersal of the species follows a zoochorous syndrome, meaning the seeds are distributed by animals, which is highly compatible with the fleshy, indehiscent nature of the fruit.

Dehiscence :

indehiscent

Dispersal syndrome :

zoochorous

Fruit dryness :

fleshy

Fruit type :

drupe

Seed mass mean:

0.56818 g

Seed volume max:

650 mm³

Self fertilization :

absent

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Putranjiva roxburghii has 2 reported plant parts identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, seed.

Leaf

1. Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology
2. The Journal of toxicological sciences
3. Cell biochemistry and biophysics

Seed

1. Cell biochemistry and biophysics

Chemicals

Putranjiva roxburghii has 28 reported phytochemicals identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoids, 8-Hydroxyluteolin 4'-methyl ether 8-glucuronide, Amentoflavone, Antioxidant Activity, Apigetrin.

Flavonoids

1. Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology
2. Inflammopharmacology

8-Hydroxyluteolin 4'-methyl ether 8-glucuronide

1. Cell biochemistry and biophysics

Amentoflavone

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Antioxidant Activity

1. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet

Apigetrin

1. Cell biochemistry and biophysics

Coumarins

1. Cell biochemistry and biophysics

Desulphosinigrin

1. Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology

Flavonoid

1. Cell biochemistry and biophysics

Friedlein

1. Natural product research

Glycosides

1. Inflammopharmacology

Activities

Putranjiva roxburghii has 2 reported activities identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Neuroprotective.

Antioxidant

1. Inflammopharmacology

Neuroprotective

1. Inflammopharmacology

Medicinal Uses

Putranjiva roxburghii has 6 reported medicinal uses identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Leishmania infection, embryogenesis, inflammation, malaria, musculoskeletal pain.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations