What to know about Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) before using it medicinally

Psoralea corylifolia, commonly known as babchi, is a medicinal herb that possesses a range of health-promoting properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, which have been shown to improve skin conditions and enhance overall well-being.

Cultivated for its valuable seeds, this herb is a hardy perennial that thrives in temperate climates, making it a popular crop for farmers and herbalists alike. Botanically, Psoralea corylifolia is classified as a member of the Fabaceae family and is characterized by its small, yellow flowers and distinctive seed pods.

Historically, babchi has been referenced in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine for its use in treating skin disorders and promoting hair growth, with mentions of its medicinal properties dating back to ancient Indian and Middle Eastern texts.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Psoralea corylifolia .

What are the medicinal properties of Psoralea corylifolia ?

Psoralea corylifolia helps with skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and vitiligo, as well as hair loss and leucoderma. Its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties also make it effective against wounds, cuts, and infections.

The active constituents of Psoralea corylifolia include coumarins, isoflavones, and phenolic compounds, which are responsible for its medicinal properties. These compounds have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.

The most commonly used parts of the plant for medicinal purposes are the seeds, roots, and leaves. The seeds contain the highest concentration of active compounds and are often used to treat skin conditions and hair loss. The roots are used to treat inflammatory conditions, while the leaves are used to treat infections.

When used improperly, Psoralea corylifolia can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and photosensitivity. It can also interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners and immunosuppressants. Prolonged use of the plant can also lead to liver and kidney damage.

Precautions when using Psoralea corylifolia medicinally include consulting a healthcare professional before use, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding women. It is also essential to follow proper dosages and preparation methods to avoid adverse effects. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should start with small doses and monitor their response before increasing usage.

What are the horticulural aspects of Psoralea corylifolia ?

Psoralea corylifolia grow best in well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade, requiring a warm and dry climate with average temperatures between 15-30°C (59-86°F). It thrives in areas with low humidity and moderate rainfall. Soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral.

For optimal growth, plant babchi in a location with good air circulation, avoiding areas with standing water or where water may collect. Plant seeds 1-2 cm (0.4-0.8 in) deep in well-draining soil, spaced 10-15 cm (4-6 in) apart. Water regularly, but avoid overwatering.

Harvest babchi seeds when the pods dry and split open, usually 3-4 months after flowering. Cut the stems close to the ground, and dry the seeds further by spreading them out in a warm, dry place. Store the seeds in airtight containers to preserve their viability.

Common pests affecting babchi include aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites, which can be managed using neem oil or insecticidal soap. Fungal diseases like leaf spot and root rot can be controlled by improving air circulation, removing infected plants, and applying fungicides.

What are the botanical aspects of Psoralea corylifolia ?

Psoralea corylifolia is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows up to 30-60 cm in height, with a taproot system and an erect stem, bearing compound leaves with 3-7 pairs of leaflets, and small, yellow flowers in axillary racemes.

Taxonomically, Psoralea corylifolia belongs to the family Fabaceae, tribe Psoraleae, and is further classified as Psoralea corylifolia L., with a type species from India and Pakistan. The genus Psoralea is a distinct entity, with 23 species worldwide.

Several variants of Psoralea corylifolia exist, including P. corylifolia var. glabra, P. corylifolia var. obtusifolia, and P. corylifolia var. pubescens, which differ in leaf and flower morphology. Some studies report the existence of hybrid variants in certain regions.

Psoralea corylifolia is native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, where it grows in a wide range of habitats, from subtropical forests to dry grasslands and arid regions, up to 1,500 meters in elevation.

The life cycle of Psoralea corylifolia typically consists of three stages: germination, growth, and dormancy. Germination occurs within 1-3 weeks, followed by 3-4 months of growth, during which the plant develops roots and foliage. The plant enters a period of dormancy during the dry season, remaining viable for several years.

What are the historical aspects of Psoralea corylifolia ?

Psoralea corylifolia is an ancient plant used in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurvedic and Unani practices, for treating skin diseases and leprosy. It has been used in India, Middle East, and other parts of Asia for centuries.

In Hindu mythology, Psoralea corylifolia is associated with Lord Krishna, who is said to have used the plant to cure the leprosy of his friend. The plant is also mentioned in the ancient Indian medical text, Charaka Samhita. In ancient Greece, it was associated with the god Apollo.

In traditional medicine, Psoralea corylifolia is considered a symbol of purification and healing. In Hindu astrology, the plant is associated with the planet Venus. In some cultures, it is used in rituals to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune.

Historical texts that mention Psoralea corylifolia include the Charaka Samhita, a 4th-century CE Ayurvedic text, and the Rasarnava, a 12th-century CE Unani text. These texts describe the plant's use in treating skin diseases and other ailments.

The use of Psoralea corylifolia can be seen in ancient artifacts such as the Indus Valley Civilization seals and ancient Indian medical texts. In the Pashupati temple in Nepal, there are frescoes depicting the use of the plant in rituals.