What to know about Prunus mume (chinese plum) before using it medicinally

Prunus mume, commonly known as Chinese plum, is a herb that has been widely used for its numerous health benefits, which range from reducing inflammation and improving cardiovascular health to alleviating digestive issues.

From a horticultural perspective, Prunus mume is a deciduous shrub or small tree that is relatively easy to cultivate and maintain, making it a popular choice for gardens and landscapes. Botanically speaking, Prunus mume is a member of the Rosaceae family and is closely related to other stone fruits, such as plums and cherries.

Historically, Prunus mume has been prized for its medicinal and culinary value for thousands of years, with ancient Chinese physicians and chefs highly regarded for their use of the herb.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Prunus mume .

What are the medicinal properties of Prunus mume ?

Prunus mume, also known as Chinese plum, helps with relieving cough, fever, and sore throat, as well as treating bronchitis, pneumonia, and other respiratory infections. Its medicinal properties also extend to aiding in digestion, reducing inflammation, and regulating blood sugar levels.

The active constituents of Prunus mume include flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which give it its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. These compounds work together to provide relief from various health issues.

The most commonly used parts of the Prunus mume plant for medicinal purposes are the flowers, bark, and leaves. The flowers are often used to treat cough and fever, while the bark is used to treat digestive issues. The leaves are used to treat respiratory infections.

When used improperly, Prunus mume can cause side effects such as stomach upset, nausea, and diarrhea. Overdosing on the plant can also lead to kidney damage and increased heart rate. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using the plant.

To use Prunus mume medicinally, individuals should consult with a healthcare professional to determine the correct dosage and preparation method. Individuals with allergies to the plant or its constituents should avoid using it altogether.

What are the horticulural aspects of Prunus mume ?

Prunus mume, also known as Chinese plum, grow best in well-drained acidic soil with a pH range of 5.5-6.5. It prefers full sun to partial shade and can tolerate temperatures from -10°C to 30°C. Mature plants require 1-2 meters of spacing.

For planting, choose a location with good air circulation and avoid low-lying areas prone to waterlogging. Plant bare-root or potted trees in early spring or fall, when the weather is cooler. Dig a hole 2-3 times the width of the root ball and mix in 1-2 kg of compost.

For harvesting, fruit is usually ready 2-3 months after flowering, depending on the cultivar. Select fruit with a red or pink skin and a sweet aroma. Harvest in the morning, when the fruit is firm but not hard. Avoid bruising or crushing the fruit.

Common pests affecting Prunus mume include Japanese beetle, aphids, and codling moth. Diseases include powdery mildew, brown rot, and leaf spot. Regular monitoring and maintenance can help prevent infestations and infections.

What are the botanical aspects of Prunus mume ?

Prunus mume, also known as Chinese plum, is a deciduous tree or shrub with a spreading habit, growing up to 5-10 meters tall, with a trunk diameter of 10-20 cm, and a crown diameter of 4-6 meters. Its bark is greyish-brown and fissured.

Prunus mume belongs to the family Rosaceae, tribe Amygdaleae, subtribe Amygdalinae, genus Prunus, and is one of the 400 species within this genus. It is classified as Prunus mume (D. Don) Koidz. This classification reflects its closest relatives and evolutionary relationships.

There are several variants of Prunus mume, including 'Nanking' and 'Meyer' in Europe and North America. In Japan, it is known as 'Mume' and is considered an important ornamental and edible plant. These variants have undergone selection for desirable traits.

Prunus mume is native to China, Korea, and Japan, but it has also been introduced to the United States, Europe, and other parts of Asia. It thrives in temperate climates with cold winters and hot summers. It prefers well-drained soils and full sun to partial shade.

Prunus mume flowers in late winter to early spring, producing fragrant, white, pink, or red blossoms that are highly valued for their scent and beauty. The flowers are followed by edible fruits that ripen in mid-spring. The tree typically takes 5-7 years to mature after planting, with a lifespan of 50-70 years in optimal conditions.

What are the historical aspects of Prunus mume ?

Prunus mume, also known as Chinese plum, is an ancient plant species that has been used for various purposes throughout history. In traditional Chinese medicine, the bark and seeds of the plant were used to treat ailments such as fever and rheumatism. In Japan, the fruit was used as a food source and for making liqueurs.

In Chinese mythology, the plum blossom is associated with the goddess of spring, Xiwangmu, who is said to have introduced the plant to China. The plum blossom is also mentioned in the classic Chinese novel, Journey to the West, as a symbol of good fortune. In Japanese mythology, the plum blossom is associated with the god of the sun, Amaterasu.

In Chinese culture, the plum blossom is a symbol of good fortune, prosperity, and longevity. In Japan, it represents the fleeting nature of life and the arrival of spring. In Korea, the plum blossom is a symbol of loyalty and devotion. The plum blossom is often depicted in traditional art and literature as a representation of these values.

The earliest written records of Prunus mume date back to the Shang Dynasty (16th-11th centuries BCE) in China. The plant is also mentioned in the classic Chinese text, Shujing, which describes its uses in medicine and cooking. In Japan, the plant is mentioned in the Heian period (794-1185 CE) text, The Pillow Book.

Historical artifacts related to Prunus mume include ceramic vessels used for storing the fruit and liqueurs, as well as intricate woodcarvings of the plum blossom. In Japan, the plum blossom is often depicted in ukiyo-e woodblock prints, which were used to decorate homes and temples. In Korea, the plum blossom is featured in traditional ceramics and metalwork.