plum tree
Prunus domestica · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Extensive (831 studies) · ★★★★★
Plum tree, scientifically known as Prunus domestica, is a versatile fruit-bearing shrub celebrated for both its culinary and medicinal properties. Rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and dietary fiber, its fruits and leaves offer therapeutic benefits, including aiding digestion, supporting heart health, and providing potent anti-inflammatory effects in traditional herbal medicine.
Names
Common Names
- Damson plum
- European plum
- Wild Plum
- Bullace plum
- Gage
- Gardalu
- Garden plum
- Greengage
- Plum
- Prune plum
- Yellow plum
- Zwispeln
- common plum
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- ciruelo
- cirolero
- ciruelo
German:
- Pflaume
- Zwetschge
- Haferpflaume
- Kriechenpflaume
- Mirabelle
- Pflaume
- Pflaumenbaum
- Reineclaude
- Reneklode
- Rundpflaumen
- Zwetsche
- Zwetschge
- Zwetschgenbaum
- Kultur-Pflaume
French:
- prunier
- prunier
- prunier d'Europe
- prunier de l'Islet
- prunier domestique
- pruneaulier
- prunier commun
- Prunier cultivé
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Prunus domesticaSynonyms
- Prunus amygdalina
- Prunus cereola
- Prunus communis var. domestica
- Prunus communis subsp. domestica
- Prunus insititia subsp. claudiana
- Prunus italica f. plantieri
- Prunus maliformis
- Prunus spinosa var. domestica
- Prunus spinosa subsp. cyclopetala
- Prunus sativa proles vapincensis
- Prunus sativa proles gymnoclada
- Prunus insititia subsp. armenioides
- Prunus sativa var. subvestita
- Prunus communis proles elegans
- Prunus communis proles intermedia
- Prunus subrotunda
- Prunus communis subvar. platyphylla
- Prunus communis pyaeidicalyx
- Prunus communis rusticana
- Prunus communis subvar. stenophylla
- Prunus communis subvar. subnuda
- Prunus communis subuniflora
- Prunus communis subvar. subvestita
- Prunus communis aniflora
- Prunus varactensis
- Prunus virescens
- Prunus enucleata
- Prunus communis dulcis
- Prunus communis proles congesta
- Prunus communis elegans
- Prunus communis intermedia
- Prunus communis gymnoclada
- Persica domestica var. vinosa
- Druparia prunus
- Prunus domestica subsp. cerasiferoflora
- Prunus rubescens
- Prunus sanctae-catharinae
- Prunus domestica var. catharinea
- Prunus domestica var. amygdalina
- Prunus domestica var. aubertiana
- Prunus domestica var. augustana
- Prunus domestica plantieri
- Prunus domestica var. armenioides
- Prunus domestica var. erratica
- Prunus domestica var. galatensis
- Prunus erubescens
- Prunus galatensis
- Prunus latifolia
- Prunus augustana
- Persica domestica var. thovinii
- Persica domestica var. albida
- Persica domestica var. suaveolens
- Persica domestica var. verrucosa
- Prunus oxycarpa
- Prunus communis proles gymnoclada
- Prunus vapincensis
- Prunus vinaria
- Prunus spinosa subsp. domestica
- Prunus domestica var. spinosocerasiferoflora
- Prunus perdigona
- Prunus domestica var. cerasiferospinosiflora
- Prunus domestica subsp. spinosiflora
- Prunus oeconomica var. sylvestris
- Prunus polymorpha damascena
- Prunus polymorpha domestica
- Prunus pyramidalis
- Prunus rosiflora
- Prunus sativa proles intermedia
- Prunus sativa proles latifolia
- Prunus sativa subvar. nudipes
- Prunus sativa proles porcorum
- Prunus sativa var. praecociflora
- Prunus sativa proles pruna
- Prunus sativa subvar. puberipes
- Prunus sativa proles rosiflora
- Prunus sativa proles rubescens
- Prunus sativa proles sanctae-catharinae
- Prunus sativa proles saxicola
- Prunus sativa proles sepivaga
- Prunus sativa var. subnuda
- Prunus sativa proles silvatica
- Prunus sativa proles silvestris
- Prunus sativa proles varactensis
- Prunus sativa proles virescens
- Prunus saxicola
- Prunus sepivaga
- Prunus sativa proles elegans
- Prunus sativa proles erubescens
- Prunus sativa subsp. ambigua
- Prunus sativa proles arvernensis
- Prunus sativa proles ballota
- Prunus sativa proles cerasiflora
- Prunus sativa proles congestiflora
- Prunus sativa subsp. domestica
- Prunus sativa proles dulcis
- Prunus silvatica
- Prunus silvestris
- Prunus domestica var. acinaria
- Prunus domestica var. alpina-orientalis
- Prunus domestica var. brignola
- Prunus domestica subsp. bisacuminata
- Prunus cyclopetala
- Prunus communis vulgatior
- Prunus communis porcorum
- Prunus communis subvar. praecociflora
- Prunus communis f. puberidens
- Prunus communis puberipes
- Prunus communis subbiflora
- Prunus domestica var. subrotunda
- Prunus domestica subsp. praecox
- Prunus domestica subsp. prisca
- Prunus domestica var. pruneauliana
- Prunus domestica subsp. pseudoitalica
- Prunus domestica var. pyramidalis
- Prunus domestica subsp. rotunda
- Prunus domestica var. sativa
- Prunus domestica vulgaris
- Prunus domestica var. sussina
- Prunus domestica var. sylvestris
- Prunus domestica subsp. versicolor
- Prunus domestica var. vinaria
- Prunus domestica var. norica
- Prunus domestica var. oblonga
- Prunus domestica subsp. ovalis
- Prunus domestica var. longipedicellata
- Prunus domestica var. maliformis
- Prunus domestica maliformis
- Prunus domestica var. mamillaris
- Prunus domestica subsp. mamillaris
- Prunus domestica var. mammillaris
- Prunus domestica var. oxycarpa
- Prunus domestica var. pernicona
- Prunus domestica f. plantieri
- Prunus domestica subsp. intermedia
- Prunus domestica var. cereola
- Prunus domestica var. claudiana
- Prunus domestica var. culinaria
- Prunus domestica var. cyanocarpa
- Prunus domestica var. cyclopetala
- Prunus domestica subsp. cyclopetala
- Prunus domestica var. damascena
- Prunus claudiana
- Prunus communis congestiflora
- Prunus communis nudipes
- Prunus communis f. nudisepala
- Prunus cerasiflora
- Prunus ballota
- Persica domestica var. fragrans
- Persica domestica var. hyemalis
- Persica domestica var. lutea
- Persica domestica var. nana
- Persica domestica var. oblonga
- Persica domestica var. ponderosa
- Persica domestica var. prunus
- Persica domestica var. rotundata
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta within the class Equisetopsida. Following its subclass Magnoliidae, it is organized into the order Rosales and the family Rosaceae. Finally, it is identified by its genus, Prunus.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Rosales | WCVP |
| Family | Rosaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Prunus | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a broad presence across various regions within the European continent. In Northern Europe, its distribution includes the territories of Great Britain and Ireland. It can also be found growing within the borders of Sweden. Moving into Middle Europe, the species is established in Austria. Finally, its geographical range extends to include Belgium.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Great Britain | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Ireland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Sweden | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Austria | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Belgium | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Czechia-Slovakia | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Germany | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Hungary | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Poland | WCVP |
| Southwestern Europe | France | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Prunus domestica, commonly known as the plum, is valued for its medicinal and nutritional properties, which are primarily derived from its fruits. The fruit is a fleshy drupe that contains a sweet pulp surrounding a single, hard stone or pit. In various traditional practices, the fruit is utilized for its high fiber content to aid digestion, while the dried fruit is often used to manage constipation and promote regular bowel movements.| Plant Part | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Fruit | Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| fruits | BioMed research international (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Prunus domestica has 130 reported phytochemicals identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Proanthocyanidin, ANTHOCYANIN, Flavonoids, proline, ALUMINUM.
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Proanthocyanidin | International journal of biological macromolecules (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| ANTHOCYANIN | bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Flavonoids | Nutrients (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| proline | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ALUMINUM | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ARSENIC | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anthocyanins | Nutrients (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Arachidic acid | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ash | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| BARIUM | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Activities
Prunus domestica has 661 reported activities identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Anticancer, Antioxidant, Neuroprotective, AntiBPH, Anticarcinogenic.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Anticancer | Dr. Duke (and other 4 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antioxidant | Dr. Duke (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Neuroprotective | Dr. Duke (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| AntiBPH | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anticarcinogenic | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antidiabetic | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antihypertensive | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiviral | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cardioprotective | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Immunostimulant | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Prunus domestica has 9 reported medicinal uses identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Liver cancer, Yersinia ruckeri, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antioxidant.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Liver cancer | Current topics in medicinal chemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Yersinia ruckeri | Fish & shellfish immunology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antidiabetic | Pharmaceutical biology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antihypertensive | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antioxidant | Pharmaceutical biology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| myocardial infarction | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| plum pox virus | Acta virologica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| stroke | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| wounds | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Jujube syrup | Dermatologic therapy (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| acetone extract | BioMed research international (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| chloroform | Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethanol extract | Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethyl acetate | Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |