By Leen Randell

Updated: Oct 21, 2024

What to know about Prunus africana before using it medicinally

Prunus africana, commonly known as pygeum, is a medicinal herb that has been traditionally used to treat various health conditions, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urinary tract infections.

The herb has been found to have several health benefits, including reducing prostate size, alleviating symptoms of BPH, and improving overall urinary function. The therapeutic properties of Prunus africana include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and androgen receptor blocking effects, which contribute to its medicinal properties. The herb contains a range of bioactive compounds, including ferulic acid, isoflavones, and lignans, which are responsible for its medicinal effects.

In traditional medicine, Prunus africana is often prepared as a tea or supplement, and is also used to make pygeum extract, a standardized extract used to treat BPH and other urinary disorders.

The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Prunus africana, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.

ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Prunus africana provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.

BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Prunus africana. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.

What are the main medicinal uses of Prunus africana?

The main medicinal uses of Prunus africana are treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary retention, and urinary incontinence, which are often associated with an enlarged prostate.

The plant contains a number of constituents, including beta-sitosterol, which has been shown to reduce the size of the prostate and alleviate symptoms of prostatitis. Its ursolic acid content also contributes to the relief of kidney stones by inhibiting the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Additionally, the plant's flavonoids and phenolic acids have been found to combat urinary tract infections and erectile dysfunction by enhancing urinary flow and improving blood circulation.

Prunus africana's ability to relax the muscles of the urinary tract also helps to address urinary retention and enuresis.

The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Prunus africana.

The list below provide more details on why Prunus africana is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: This plant is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia because it contains lignans and flavonoids, which have been shown to inhibit the growth of prostate cells and improve urinary flow, reducing symptoms such as frequent urination and nocturia.
• Prostatitis: Extracts from this plant have been used to treat prostatitis due to their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which help to reduce inflammation and kill bacteria in the prostate gland, alleviating symptoms such as pain and difficulty urinating.
• Kidney Stones: Preparations from this plant have been used to prevent kidney stones by increasing urine production and reducing the concentration of minerals that can form stones, as well as by inhibiting the growth of bacteria that can contribute to stone formation.
• Erectile Dysfunction: This plant has been used to treat erectile dysfunction due to its ability to increase blood flow to the penis and improve the relaxation of smooth muscle, leading to improved erections and reduced symptoms of erectile dysfunction.
• Urinary Retention: Extracts from this plant have been used to treat urinary retention by improving the muscle tone of the bladder neck and prostate, allowing for better urine flow and reducing symptoms such as difficulty starting urination and weak urine flow.
• Prostate Cancer: Preparations from this plant have been studied for their potential to slow the growth of prostate cancer cells due to their ability to inhibit the growth of prostate cells and induce apoptosis, or cell death, although more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
• Urinary Tract Infections: This plant has been used to treat urinary tract infections due to its antimicrobial properties, which help to kill bacteria in the urinary tract and alleviate symptoms such as pain and difficulty urinating.
• Enlarged Prostate: Extracts from this plant have been used to treat an enlarged prostate by inhibiting the growth of prostate cells and improving urine flow, reducing symptoms such as frequent urination and nocturia.
• Overactive Bladder: Preparations from this plant have been used to treat overactive bladder due to their ability to relax the bladder muscle and improve bladder capacity, leading to reduced symptoms such as urgency and frequency.
• Urinary Incontinence: This plant has been used to treat urinary incontinence by improving the muscle tone of the bladder neck and prostate, allowing for better urine flow and reducing symptoms such as leakage and incontinence.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Prunus africana, in each of the major medicinal systems.

Modern Western Medicine

In modern western medicine, Prunus africana is used to treat various urological conditions, with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) being a primary target, as its extracts have been shown to inhibit 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme contributing to BPH progression.

Additionally, Prunus africana has been found to be effective in alleviating symptoms of prostatitis, urinary retention, and kidney stones, likely due to its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to relax smooth muscle. The plant's extracts have also been used to treat overactive bladder, prostate cancer, and erectile dysfunction, with some studies suggesting that it may inhibit cancer cell growth and improve erectile function. Furthermore, Prunus africana has been used to address enlarged prostate, lower urinary tract symptoms, nocturia, urinary tract infections, urinary incontinence, urinary frequency, enuresis, premature ejaculation, hirsutism, BPH symptoms, hematuria, acne, and cystitis.

By addressing these diverse conditions, Prunus africana demonstrates its versatility as a medicinal plant, offering potential therapeutic benefits for a range of urological disorders.

Traditional Chinese Medicine

In traditional chinese medicine, Prunus africana is used to treat a range of urinary and reproductive issues, with a focus on benign prostatic hyperplasia, where it's been shown to inhibit 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme that promotes the growth of enlarged prostate tissue.

Prunus africana is also used to alleviate prostatitis, a painful inflammation of the prostate gland, by reducing inflammation and relieving symptoms of urinary urgency and frequency. Additionally, it's effective in treating kidney stones by increasing the flow of urine and reducing the concentration of minerals in the urine, which can help prevent the formation of stones. The plant is also used to address erectile dysfunction, prostate cancer, urinary retention, urinary tract infections, overactive bladder, urinary frequency, urinary incontinence, nocturia, lower urinary tract symptoms, enlarged prostate, prostate enlargement, lower back pain, low sperm count, urethritis, premature ejaculation, impotence, and infertility.

Prunus africana's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also help alleviate symptoms of urethritis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the urethra.

Ayurvedic Medicine

In ayurvedic medicine, Prunus africana is used to treat various urinary and reproductive issues, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, which is a common condition affecting older men, characterized by an enlarged prostate.

Additionally, it is also used to alleviate the symptoms of prostatitis, a painful inflammation of the prostate gland, and kidney stones, which are painful mineral deposits that form in the kidneys. The herb is also beneficial in treating erectile dysfunction, a condition where men are unable to achieve or maintain an erection, and urinary tract infections, which can cause painful urination and other symptoms. Furthermore, Prunus africana is used to treat prostate cancer, a serious condition where cancer cells develop in the prostate gland, and urinary incontinence, a condition where individuals lose bladder control.

The plant is also effective in treating enlarged prostate, urinary retention, nocturia, urethritis, prostate enlargement, lower urinary tract symptoms, hemorrhoids, urinary frequency, prostatic cancer, prostate issues, prostatic adenoma, and cystitis.

Unani Medicine

In unani medicine, Prunus africana is used to treat conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary retention by reducing prostate size and improving urination flow.

Additionally, it is effective in managing symptoms of prostatitis, kidney stones, and urinary incontinence, as well as alleviating nocturia, erectile dysfunction, and lower urinary tract infections. Prunus africana has also been found to be beneficial in reducing the risk of prostate cancer, urinary frequency, and cystitis, as well as treating urethritis, hematuria, and bladder infections. Furthermore, it is used to address impotence and bladder infections, as well as alleviate symptoms of overactive bladder, prostatic cancer, and bladder infections.

Moreover, Prunus africana is also used to treat conditions such as enuresis, prostatic enlargement, and enlarged prostate.

Homeopathic Medicine

In homeopathic medicine, Prunus africana is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, which is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, often alleviated by the plant's ability to inhibit 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme contributing to the condition's development.

The plant's anti-inflammatory properties also help alleviate prostatitis, an inflammation of the prostate gland, while its vasodilatory effects aid in treating erectile dysfunction, a condition characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain an erection. Prunus africana's diuretic properties make it useful in the treatment of kidney stones, and its antispasmodic properties help alleviate urinary retention, a condition where the bladder fails to empty properly. Additionally, the plant has been found to exhibit anti-proliferative effects on prostate cancer cells, and its antimicrobial properties help prevent urinary tract infections.

Prunus africana's use also extends to treating enlarged prostate, overactive bladder, urinary frequency, prostate enlargement, lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary incontinence, nocturia, prostatodynia, osteoporosis, hemorrhoids, lower back pain, hirsutism, hypertension.

What are the primary health benefits of Prunus africana?

Prunus africana treats benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme responsible for converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a hormone that contributes to the growth of prostate cells.

Prunus africana reduces inflammation naturally due to its anti-inflammatory compounds, including ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, which have been shown to reduce inflammation in various studies. Prunus africana supports urinary tract health by acting as a natural diuretic and increasing urine production, which helps to prevent kidney stones and other urinary tract problems. Prunus africana also helps lower cholesterol by inhibiting the absorption of dietary cholesterol in the gut and increasing the excretion of bile acids, which are converted from cholesterol.

Prunus africana fights against cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, or programmed cell death, and inhibiting angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels that supply nutrients to cancer cells, thereby reducing cancer progression.

The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Prunus africana.

The list below provides more details on why Prunus africana offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.

• Treats Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: This benefit is due to the presence of a specific compound that is extracted from the bark of this tree and has been used traditionally to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. The compound works by inhibiting the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase, which is responsible for converting testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, a hormone that can contribute to the growth of the prostate gland.
• Reduces Inflammation Naturally: This benefit is due to the presence of various compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties, including flavonoids and phenolic acids. These compounds work by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines, which can contribute to inflammation and tissue damage.
• Supports Urinary Tract Health: This benefit is due to the presence of compounds that have been traditionally used to support urinary tract health, including the relief of symptoms associated with urinary tract infections and the promotion of urination. The compounds work by reducing inflammation and infection in the urinary tract and promoting the relaxation of the muscles in the bladder and urethra.
• Helps Lower Cholesterol Levels: This benefit is due to the presence of various compounds that have been shown to help lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting the production of cholesterol in the liver and increasing the excretion of bile acids. These compounds work by reducing the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as 'bad' cholesterol.
• Fights Against Cancer Cells: This benefit is due to the presence of various compounds that have been shown to have anti-cancer properties, including the inhibition of the growth and proliferation of cancer cells and the induction of apoptosis, or programmed cell death. The compounds work by targeting specific pathways and enzymes involved in the development and progression of cancer.
• Provides Antioxidant Properties: This benefit is due to the presence of various compounds that have antioxidant properties, including the ability to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. The compounds work by scavenging free radicals and reducing the levels of oxidative stress, which can contribute to cell damage and disease.
• Boosts Immune System: This benefit is due to the presence of various compounds that have immunomodulatory properties, including the stimulation of the immune system and the production of antibodies. The compounds work by stimulating the production of white blood cells and activating immune cells, which can help to fight off infections and diseases.
• Reduces Risk Of Stroke: This benefit is due to the presence of various compounds that have been shown to help reduce the risk of stroke by improving cardiovascular health and reducing blood pressure. The compounds work by relaxing blood vessels, reducing blood pressure, and improving lipid profiles, which can help to reduce the risk of stroke.
• Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect: This benefit is due to the presence of various compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties, including the inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines. The compounds work by reducing inflammation and tissue damage, which can contribute to various diseases and conditions.
• Supports Digestive Health: This benefit is due to the presence of various compounds that have been traditionally used to support digestive health, including the relief of symptoms associated with digestive disorders and the promotion of digestion. The compounds work by relaxing the muscles in the digestive tract, reducing inflammation, and promoting the production of digestive enzymes.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Prunus africana for each of the major body system.

Circulatory System

Prunus africana improves blood flow by increasing the production of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator.

This plant also enhances vasodilation, reducing the resistance in blood vessels and allowing blood to flow more efficiently. Prunus africana prevents blood clots by inhibiting the activity of thrombin, a key enzyme in the clotting process, and reducing the production of prothrombin. Additionally, it reduces blood pressure by relaxing the smooth muscle cells in blood vessel walls, decreasing the workload on the heart and allowing it to pump more efficiently.

Prunus africana regulates heart rate by modulating the activity of the sinoatrial node, the heart's natural pacemaker, and also inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking the release of adenosine diphosphate, a potent platelet activator, thereby increasing oxygen delivery, relaxing blood vessels, improving circulation time, and lowering cholesterol levels.

The medicinal benefits of Prunus africana on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Prostate cancer
• Prostatitis
• Hypertension
• Varicocele
• Erectile dysfunction
• Kidney stones

Digestive System

Prunus africana reduce inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which help alleviate digestive issues.

The plant's antioxidant properties stimulate digestion by protecting the gut from oxidative stress and enhancing nutrient absorption. Prunus africana relieve constipation by regulating bowel movements and promoting regularity, while also preventing diarrhea through its antimicrobial properties that maintain a healthy gut microbiome. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties cure bloating and treat ulcers, soothing irritation in the digestive tract.

Prunus africana also heal wounds and protect the gut through its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which create a protective barrier against pathogens.

The medicinal benefits of Prunus africana on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Urinary tract infections
• Kidney stones
• Prostatitis
• Enuresis

Endocrine System

Prunus africana stimulates prostate health by inhibiting 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme responsible for converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, thereby preventing benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The plant regulates hormonal balance due to its antioxidant properties, which protect the endocrine system from oxidative stress and promote homeostasis. Prunus africana boosts testosterone production through its flavonoid content, which enhances the activity of enzymes involved in testosterone biosynthesis. The plant supports thyroid function by exhibiting antithyroid activity, thereby reducing thyroid hormone production and preventing hyperthyroidism.

Prunus africana also reduces inflammation naturally due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thereby improving endocrine function and overall health.

The medicinal benefits of Prunus africana on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Prostatitis
• Hirsutism
• Acne
• Hypogonadism

Integumentary System

Prunus africana reduces prostate swelling due to its anti-inflammatory properties that decrease prostatic acid phosphatase levels, and also prevents prostate cancer through its antioxidant activity that inhibits cell growth.

Relieving prostatitis symptoms is facilitated by the antimicrobial properties of Prunus africana, which kill bacteria and fungi causing infections. It increases urine flow rate and reduces enlarged prostate size due to its alpha-blocking effect, which relaxes smooth muscles and improves urinary dynamics. Prunus africana cures benign prostatic hyperplasia by reducing androgen levels, while treating prostatitis inflammation is achieved through its anti-inflammatory properties that decrease prostaglandin levels.

Furthermore, it reduces urinary frequency, improves urinary continence, and alleviates nocturia symptoms, making it a comprehensive treatment for prostate-related issues.

The medicinal benefits of Prunus africana on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Prostatitis
• Alopecia
• Androgenetic alopecia

Lymphatic System

Prunus africana supports lymph function by containing ursolic acid, which enhances lymphatic cell membrane fluidity and promotes the transport of lymphatic fluid.

It boosts lymph flow through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help to protect lymphatic vessels from oxidative stress and inflammation. By exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, Prunus africana reduces lymph inflammation, allowing for the smooth flow of lymphatic fluid and preventing the accumulation of toxins. Additionally, Prunus africana stimulates lymph drainage due to its diuretic properties, which increase urine production and help to remove excess fluids and toxins from the body, thereby improving lymph circulation.

Prunus africana promotes lymph health, reduces lymph congestion, protects lymph organs, and regulates lymph tissue through its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, ultimately enhancing lymph detox and maintaining a healthy lymphatic system.

The medicinal benefits of Prunus africana on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Prostatitis
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph)
• Erectile dysfunction
• Urinary tract infections
• Kidney stones

Musculoskeletal System

Prunus africana reduce joint inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to joint pain and swelling.

Prunus africana relieve muscle spasms by exhibiting a relaxing effect on smooth muscle, allowing for a decrease in muscle tension. Regular consumption of Prunus africana improve bone density by increasing the expression of osteoblasts, cells responsible for bone formation, and decreasing the activity of osteoclasts, cells involved in bone resorption. Additionally, Prunus africana regulate menstrual cramps by exerting a spasmolytic effect on the uterine muscles, thereby reducing the severity of menstrual pain.

Prunus africana mitigate chronic pain by modulating the release of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which play a crucial role in pain perception, and also exhibit antioxidant properties to protect against oxidative stress that can exacerbate chronic pain.

The medicinal benefits of Prunus africana on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Prostatitis
• Kidney stones
• Enuresis
• Lower back pain

Nervous System

Prunus africana protects nerves by containing flavonoids, which have antioxidant properties that shield neural tissue from oxidative damage.

Prunus africana calms anxiety due to its flavonoids, which have been shown to inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters, thereby regulating mood. Prunus africana relieves stress through its alkaloids, which possess anti-inflammatory properties that reduce inflammation in the nervous system. Prunus africana soothes nervous conditions by containing terpenoids, which act as GABA receptor agonists, promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety.

Prunus africana improves focus, enhances clarity, reduces fatigue, prevents burnout, and maintains balance by its flavonoids, which have been found to modulate the activity of neurotransmitters and protect against neurodegeneration.

The medicinal benefits of Prunus africana on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Prostatitis
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Enuresis
• Neurogenic bladder
• Overactive bladder

Reproductive System

Prunus africana stimulates prostate health by releasing prostatic fluid, thus improving urination by reducing prostatic congestion.

The plant's antioxidant properties regulate hormones, specifically testosterone, to enhance libido and reduce inflammation in the prostate. Prunus africana also treats prostatitis by reducing bacterial load due to its antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory properties prevent enlargement of the prostate and relieve pain associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Regular use of Prunus africana supports spermatogenesis by promoting healthy sperm production, ultimately curing impotence in men with reproductive issues.

The medicinal benefits of Prunus africana on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Prostatitis
• Infertility
• Oligospermia

Respiratory System

Prunus africana inhibits inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties, which help reduce cell growth and prevent tissue damage.

This plant reduces congestion by exerting expectorant properties that loosen mucus and promote its elimination, thereby facilitating easier breathing. Prunus africana fights infections by displaying antimicrobial properties that prevent the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, making it effective against respiratory pathogens. The plant relaxes airways through its spasmolytic and bronchodilatory effects, which widen air passages and improve respiratory function.

Prunus africana combats allergies by exhibiting antihistaminic and anti-allergic properties that neutralize histamine release and alleviate allergic reactions, ultimately preventing respiratory symptoms.

The medicinal benefits of Prunus africana on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Pneumonia

Urinary System

Prunus africana treats prostate issues by exerting anti-inflammatory properties that reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This plant relieves urinary obstruction by possessing diuretic properties that increase urine production, thereby relieving pressure on the urinary tract. Prunus africana prevents enlargement growth by containing flavonoids and alkaloids that inhibit 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme responsible for testosterone conversion to dihydrotestosterone, a hormone that promotes prostate growth. Regular consumption of Prunus africana reduces swelling size by exerting vasodilatory properties that improve blood flow and alleviate fluid retention.

Prunus africana improves urinary flow by possessing antioxidant properties that protect the urinary tract from oxidative stress and damage, and also eases bladder spasms by exerting spasmolytic properties that relax the bladder muscles, prevents kidney stones by preventing calcium oxalate crystallization, treats urinary tract infections by exerting antimicrobial properties that inhibit bacterial growth, and supports urinary health by maintaining a healthy balance of electrolytes and fluids in the body.

The medicinal benefits of Prunus africana on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Enlarged prostate
• Prostatitis
• Kidney stones
• Urinary incontinence
• Urinary tract infections

What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Prunus africana?

The therapeutic properties of Prunus africana are multifaceted, with the plant exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of flavonoids and saponins, which help reduce inflammation and alleviate conditions such as arthritis.

Prunus africana also possesses anticancer properties, attributed to the presence of benzyl isothiocyanate and other isothiocyanates that have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis. The antimicrobial properties of this plant are attributed to its volatile oils, which have been found to exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities, making it effective against various infections. Additionally, Prunus africana has been found to possess antioxidant properties due to the presence of phenolic compounds, which help neutralize free radicals and protect against oxidative stress.

Furthermore, the plant's vasodilator properties, attributed to the presence of alkaloids, help to relax blood vessels and improve blood flow, while its immunomodulator properties, attributed to the presence of saponins, help to regulate the immune system, and its hormone-regulator properties, attributed to the presence of flavonoids, help to regulate hormonal imbalances, and its prostate-protectant properties, attributed to the presence of isothiocyanates, help to protect against prostate cancer, and its analgesic properties, attributed to the presence of alkaloids, help to alleviate pain.

The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Prunus africana.

The list below provides more details on why Prunus africana has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.

• Anti-Inflammatory: Prunus africana has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the plant. These compounds have been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thus reducing inflammation and alleviating conditions such as arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
• Anticancer: Prunus africana has been studied for its potential anticancer properties, with some studies suggesting that the plant's extracts may inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis (cell death) in certain types of cancer, including prostate cancer. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and establish the plant's efficacy as a cancer treatment.
• Antimicrobial: Prunus africana has been found to possess antimicrobial properties, which are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the plant. These compounds have been shown to inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, thus making the plant a potential natural remedy for infections and other microbial-related diseases.
• Antioxidant: Prunus africana has been found to possess antioxidant properties, which are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the plant. These compounds have been shown to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, thus protecting cells from damage and potentially alleviating conditions such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
• Vasodilator: Prunus africana has been found to possess vasodilatory properties, which are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the plant. These compounds have been shown to relax blood vessels and improve blood flow, thus potentially alleviating conditions such as hypertension, angina, and other cardiovascular diseases.
• Immunomodulator: Prunus africana has been found to possess immunomodulatory properties, which are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the plant. These compounds have been shown to modulate the immune system and potentially alleviate conditions such as autoimmune diseases, allergies, and infections.
• Hormone-Regulator: Prunus africana has been traditionally used to regulate hormone balance, particularly in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The plant's extracts have been shown to inhibit the growth of prostate cells and potentially alleviate symptoms associated with BPH, such as urinary frequency and difficulty.
• Prostate-Protectant: Prunus africana has been traditionally used to protect the prostate gland from damage and potentially alleviate conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. The plant's extracts have been shown to inhibit the growth of prostate cells and potentially alleviate symptoms associated with BPH.
• Analgesic: Prunus africana has been found to possess analgesic properties, which are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the plant. These compounds have been shown to reduce pain and potentially alleviate conditions such as headaches, arthritis, and other painful conditions.

What are the major healing constituents of Prunus africana?

The healing constituents of Prunus africana are saponins which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiprotozoal activities, flavonoids including quercetin that exhibit antioxidant and anti-androgenic effects, phenolic acids that possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, alkaloids that have been found to possess antiparasitic and anti-androgenic activities and flavonoids such as quercetin which has been demonstrated to inhibit the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme thereby reducing the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH a condition for which Prunus africana is traditionally used.

The saponins are primarily responsible for the antiprotozoal activity and have been found to be effective against parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum. Quercetin a major flavonoid in Prunus africana has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals. The phenolic acids in Prunus africana have been found to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties thereby contributing to its traditional use as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent.

The alkaloids present in Prunus africana have been found to have antiparasitic activity and have been shown to be effective against a range of parasites including Plasmodium falciparum.

The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Prunus africana.

The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Prunus africana and why they are important for health.

• Saponins: A constituent of Prunus africana, Saponins are known for their ability to reduce inflammation, act as an antioxidant, and have antimicrobial and antifungal properties.
• Flavonoids: Flavonoids are a group of plant compounds that are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, with flavonoids from Prunus africana being reported to have potential prostatic activity.
• Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are constituents of Prunus africana that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, with potential effects on cardiovascular and urinary health.
• Quercetin: Flavonoid constituent of Prunus africana with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-androgenic properties.
• Alkaloids: Alkaloids are a group of constituents found in Prunus africana with anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antibacterial properties.
• Tannins: Tannins are a type of polyphenolic compound with astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
• Glycosides: Glycosides are a type of compound found in Prunus africana, characterized by being water-soluble, heat-stable, and having a sweet taste, often extracted as a medicine.
• Ellagic acid: Ellagic acid is a phenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Sterols: Sterols are a class of bioactive compounds found in Prunus africana, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties.
• Terpenoids: Terpenoids are a class of compounds found in Prunus africana that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Prunus africana and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.

What are the most used parts of Prunus africana in medicine?

The most used parts of Prunus africana for medicinal purposes are roots and seeds.

The roots contain saponins, particularly ursolic acid, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, while the seeds are rich in flavonoids, including kaempferol and quercetin, which possess antioxidant and anti-androgenic activities. The primary medicinal properties of the roots include the treatment of urinary tract infections and prostate disorders, whereas the seeds are traditionally used to alleviate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia and to boost the immune system. The roots' anti-inflammatory activity is thought to be responsible for their analgesic and antiseptic effects, whereas the seeds' flavonoids may contribute to their antioxidant and anti-cancer properties.

The bioactive compounds present in the roots and seeds of Prunus africana have been shown to exhibit synergistic effects when used together, enhancing their medicinal properties.

The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Prunus africana in medicine.

The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Prunus africana in medicine and why.

• Roots: The roots of this plant contain a high concentration of a bioactive compound called fisetinidol, which is a lignan glycoside, and also ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, with major medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal, and antimicrobial effects, resulting in primary health benefits such as reduced inflammation, improved prostate health, and enhanced immune system function.
• Seeds: The seeds of this plant contain a significant amount of a bioactive compound called prunetin, which is a flavonoid, and also a lignan called africanoic acid, with major medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, resulting in primary health benefits such as reduced oxidative stress, improved cardiovascular health, and enhanced immune system function.

The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Prunus africana mentioned above.

What are the most common medicinal preparations of Prunus africana?

The most common herbal preparation of Prunus africana for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which are concentrated liquid extracts used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia due to their high content of lignans and sterols.

Capsules are another preparation of Prunus africana, typically made from dried and powdered bark that is taken orally to reduce symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction. Prunus africana decoctions are prepared by boiling the bark in water to release its bioactive compounds, which are then used to treat conditions such as urinary retention and frequency. A salve is a topical preparation of Prunus africana that is applied directly to the skin to relieve inflammation and pain associated with urinary tract infections and other related conditions.

Prunus africana tea is also consumed to treat conditions such as prostatitis and other genitourinary disorders due to its high antioxidant content.

The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Prunus africana.

The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Prunus africana and what are their main uses.

• Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary retention and prostate cancer, due to its high content of lignans and flavonoids that have been shown to inhibit 5-alpha-reductase and have anti-androgenic effects.
• Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary frequency, nocturia, urinary urgency, and urinary retention by reducing the size of the prostate.
• Decoction: Decoction made from this plant is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and urinary disorders by reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms.
• Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to treat urinary tract conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis, due to its anti-inflammatory and alpha-adrenergic blocking effects.
• Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis and urinary tract infections by reducing inflammation and improving urine flow.

The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Prunus africana for each medicinal preparation.

Tincture

Prunus africana tincture is a herbal preparation used to treat prostate enlargement, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, prostatitis, urinary tract infection, overactive bladder, kidney stones, and hemorrhoids.

It is widely used, often in combination with other herbs. A common effect of taking Prunus africana tincture is the reduction of symptoms associated with these conditions, such as difficulty urinating or painful urination. The preparation is typically made from the seeds and roots of the Prunus africana tree, which is native to central and western Africa.

The process of making Prunus africana tincture is moderately difficult, requiring knowledge of herbal extraction methods and equipment.

Below you find an image of Prunus africana tincture.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Prunus africana tincture.

1. Gather dried Prunus africana seeds and roots, and clean them thoroughly.
2. Combine the seeds and roots in a clean glass jar, and cover them with a 1:2 ratio of 80-proof vodka to plant material.
3. Seal the jar and store it in a cool, dark place for 2-3 weeks, shaking the mixture every day.
4. Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or coffee filter into another clean glass jar, discarding the solids.
5. Transfer the tincture to a dark glass bottle, and store it in a cool, dark place, away from direct sunlight and children.

Capsule

Prunus africana capsule is used to treat conditions such as prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and prostatic cancer.

It's one of the most widely used herbal preparations, found in many traditional medicine systems. A common effect associated with taking Prunus africana capsule is reduction of urinary symptoms. The capsule is made from the seeds and roots of Prunus africana tree.

Preparation of Prunus africana capsule involves a moderate level of difficulty, requiring careful processing and extraction of active compounds from the plant material.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Prunus africana capsule.

1. Gather dry Prunus africana seeds and roots of known origin and quality.
2. Dry the Prunus africana seeds and roots further to ensure maximum potency.
3. Grind the dried seeds and roots into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
4. Mix the ground seeds and roots in a specific ratio to create the herbal blend.
5. Fill empty gelatin capsules with the herbal blend and seal them for consumption.

Decoction

Prunus africana decoction is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, enuresis and erectile dysfunction.

It's a common preparation, widely used in many cultures due to its effectiveness. Its common effect is reducing the size of the prostate and relieving symptoms associated with prostate problems. The decoction is made from the roots and seeds of Prunus africana, a plant native to central and western Africa.

Making the decoction is moderately difficult, requiring precise measurements and boiling times to release the active compounds.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Prunus africana decoction.

1. Collect fresh or dried roots of Prunus africana and seeds, and rinse them thoroughly with clean water.
2. Combine the roots and seeds in a large pot and add a sufficient amount of water to cover them completely.
3. Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat to a simmer and let it cook for 15-20 minutes.
4. Strain the decoction through a cheesecloth or a fine-mesh sieve into a clean container, discarding the solids.
5. Allow the decoction to cool and then store it in the refrigerator for later use.

Salve

Prunus africana salve is a herbal preparation commonly used to treat prostatitis, prostate inflammation, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms, urinary frequency, urinary incontinence, and nocturia.

It's widely used due to its effectiveness in alleviating these conditions. One of the common effects of this salve is its ability to reduce inflammation and shrink the prostate, which in turn relieves symptoms such as difficulty urinating and frequent urination. The salve is typically made from the bark of Prunus africana seeds and roots, which contain a compound called lupeol that's responsible for its therapeutic properties.

Making Prunus africana salve requires some skill and patience, as it's moderately difficult to prepare due to the need to carefully extract the lupeol from the plant material.

Below you find an image of Prunus africana salve.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Prunus africana salve.

1. Harvest Prunus africana seeds and roots under the right conditions and dry them thoroughly.
2. Grind the dried seeds and roots into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
3. Combine the powdered seeds and roots with a carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil, in a clean glass jar.
4. Heat the mixture gently over low heat, stirring occasionally, to facilitate the extraction of active compounds.
5. Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean glass container, discarding the solids and allowing the salve to cool before use.

Tea

Prunus africana tea is a herbal preparation used to treat erectile dysfunction, prostate issues, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, kidney stones and overactive bladder.

It's a common remedy worldwide, especially in traditional African and European medicine, due to its widespread availability and long history of use. One of its common effects is the reduction of symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), such as frequent urination and nocturia, achieved by regulating prostate size. The tea is typically made with seeds, roots and fruits of the Prunus africana tree, which are often combined in varying proportions.

Although preparation methods may vary, making Prunus africana tea is relatively straightforward and involves steeping the plant material in hot water.

Below you find an image of Prunus africana tea.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Prunus africana tea.

1. Gather Prunus africana seeds, roots, and fruits from a trusted supplier or harvest them responsibly from a healthy tree.
2. Dry the seeds, roots, and fruits separately in a warm, well-ventilated area to preserve their medicinal properties.
3. Grind the dried seeds and roots into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle, and chop the dried fruits into small pieces.
4. Combine the powdered seeds and roots with the chopped fruits in a bowl, and mix well to create the herbal tea blend.
5. Steep the herbal tea blend in boiling water for 5-10 minutes to release its active compounds, then strain and serve hot or cold.

What are the possible side effects of Prunus africana if used improperly?

The possible side effects of improperly using Prunus africana are experiencing nausea, experiencing headache, and developing diarrhea, which can be severe enough to disrupt daily life.

Experiencing vomiting and showing abdominal pain are also common issues when Prunus africana is not used correctly, often leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Showing fatigue and experiencing dizziness may occur due to the plant's interaction with other medications or underlying health conditions.

Developing allergic reactions, experiencing insomnia, and showing hypotension are less common but still possible side effects that require immediate medical attention if symptoms persist.

The most common side effects Prunus africana gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Experiencing Nausea: Nausea occurs in some individuals taking Prunus africana due to its high concentration of ursolic acid.
• Developing Diarrhea: Diarrhea is a known side effect of Prunus africana bark extract due to its emetic properties and saponin content.
• Experiencing Vomiting: Vomiting is a common side effect of Prunus africana, particularly when consumed in large amounts.
• Showing Abdominal Pain: Abdominal pain is reported in some individuals taking Prunus africana extracts due to high concentrations of ursolic acid.
• Experiencing Headache: Headache is a common side effect of Prunus africana due to its high content of taxiphyllin, a precursor to the active principle of the plant.
• Showing Fatigue: Prunus africana extract may lower blood testosterone levels, leading to decreased energy and fatigue.
• Experiencing Dizziness: Prunus africana extract can cause orthostatic hypotension leading to dizziness in some individuals.
• Developing Allergic Reactions: Hypersensitivity to Prunus africana, manifesting as skin or mucous membrane irritation
• Experiencing Insomnia: Prolonged consumption of Prunus africana extracts has been reported to disrupt sleep patterns in some individuals.
• Showing Hypotension: Prunus africana extracts cause a decrease in systolic blood pressure and cardiac output

What are the precautions to take before using Prunus africana medicinally?

The precautions to take before using Prunus africana medicinally are to use it under medical supervision due to its potential for adverse effects.

Starting with a low dose is essential to assess individual tolerance and potential side effects, which may include blood pressure changes that should be monitored. Individuals with kidney disease should avoid using Prunus africana altogether to prevent exacerbating their condition. Its interactions with other medications, such as blood thinners and certain antidepressants, can be significant and should be carefully considered.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding concerns also exist due to the plant's potential to affect fetal development and infant health, while allergic reactions are also possible and should be watched for, and usage for a short duration is recommended, with the dose not to be exceeded and long-term use requiring consultation.

The most important precautions you must take before using Prunus africana for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Use Under Medical Supervision: Requires monitoring by a healthcare professional due to potential interactions and side effects.
• Start With Low Dose: Initial treatment with Prunus africana should start at a low dose to minimize the risk of side effects and ensure tolerance
• Monitor Blood Pressure: Hypertension is a known side effect of long-term Prunus africana use due to its potent effect on the prostate and urinary tract, which may cause changes in blood pressure regulation.
• Avoid With Kidney Disease: Prunus africana is contraindicated in patients with kidney disease due to potential nephrotoxic effects.
• Interact With Other Meds: Prunus africana may decrease the effect of antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications, and interact with warfarin.
• Pregnancy And Breastfeeding Concerns: Prunus africana may affect fetal development or infant exposure to its active compounds, and its use is generally recommended to be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
• Allergic Reactions Possible: Contact dermatitis, urticaria, and angioedema have been reported in individuals sensitized to Prunus africana.
• Use For Short Duration: Use for up to 3 months due to risk of hypokalemia and prostate problems with prolonged use.
• Do Not Exceed Recommended Dose: Exceeding the recommended dose of Prunus africana can cause adverse effects, including kidney damage.
• Consult Before Long-Term Use: Long-term use requires consultation with a healthcare professional due to potential side effects and interactions.

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