What to know about Prunus africana (african plum) before using it medicinally

Prunus africana, commonly known as African plum, is a herbaceous plant prized for its medicinal properties, which include alleviating urinary tract infections and reducing inflammation in the prostate.

It is a versatile plant that can be grown in tropical and subtropical regions, requiring well-draining soil and partial shade to thrive. Botanically, Prunus africana is a member of the Rosaceae family, characterized by its dark green leaves, small white flowers, and edible fruits.

The herb has been mentioned in various historical texts, including those of traditional African medicine, where it is often referred to as "Pygeum africana" and valued for its potential in treating various health conditions.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Prunus africana.

What are the medicinal properties of Prunus africana?

Prunus africana, also known as African plum, helps with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, and other prostate-related issues, thanks to its anti-inflammatory and anti-androgen properties, making it a popular herbal remedy.

The medicinal properties of Prunus africana are attributed to the presence of lignans, specifically icosan and prunetin, which have been shown to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a key contributor to prostate enlargement.

The bark and seeds of the plant are most commonly used for medicinal purposes, as they contain the highest concentration of lignans. The bark is typically dried and processed into capsules or tablets, while the seeds are often used to make teas or infusions.

Improper use of Prunus africana can lead to side effects such as dizziness, nausea, and stomach upset, particularly when taken in high doses or for extended periods. Additionally, individuals with kidney or liver problems should exercise caution when using this plant.

To ensure safe use of Prunus africana, individuals should consult with a healthcare professional before taking it medicinally. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as children and individuals with certain medical conditions, should avoid using this plant altogether.

What are the horticulural aspects of Prunus africana?

Prunus africana, also known as African plum, grow best in full sun to partial shade with a warm and humid climate, preferring altitudes below 1,500 meters. It requires well-drained acidic soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5 for optimal growth.

For successful planting, Prunus africana requires a rootball that is slightly larger than the pot. Planting is usually done during the wet season to minimize transplant shock. Water regularly, but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.

Harvesting Prunus africana requires careful selection of mature fruits, as the tree is susceptible to over-harvesting, which can reduce its lifespan. Harvesting is typically done during the dry season when the fruits are ripe and fall from the tree. Harvesting too frequently can also lead to reduced fruit set.

Common pests affecting Prunus africana include the fruit fly (Drosophila spp.) and the stem borer (Anoplonychus spp.). Common diseases include anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.), leaf spot (Cercospora spp.), and root rot (Phytophthora spp.). Regular monitoring and control measures are essential to prevent infestations and infections.

What are the botanical aspects of Prunus africana?

Prunus africana, also known as African plum, is a small, deciduous tree that grows up to 15 meters tall, with a broad, rounded crown and a short, straight trunk. Its bark is grayish-brown and rough, with deep longitudinal fissures. Leaves are elliptical and 5-10 cm long.

The taxonomical classification of Prunus africana is as follows: Kingdom: Plantae, Clade: Angiosperms, Clade: Eudicots, Clade: Rosids, Order: Rosales, Family: Rosaceae, Genus: Prunus, Species: P. africana. It is closely related to Prunus mahoniana and Prunus africana var. australis.

There are several variants of Prunus africana, including: Prunus africana var. africana, Prunus africana var. australis, and Prunus africana var. pyramidalis. These variants differ in their growth habit, leaf shape, and flower color.

Prunus africana is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, including countries such as Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon. It is also cultivated in other parts of the world.

The life cycle of Prunus africana involves seed germination, seedling growth, and eventual flowering and fruiting. Seedlings emerge in 2-6 months, and reach maturity in 2-5 years. Flowers appear in 5-10 years, and fruit ripens in 6-12 months after pollination.

What are the historical aspects of Prunus africana?

Prunus africana, also known as African plum, is a plant with a long history of use. In traditional medicine, its bark has been used to treat fever, rheumatism, and as a diuretic. In Central and West Africa, its seeds were used as a source of oil.

In mythological references, the African plum is associated with the gods of ancient Egypt and West Africa. The plant was considered sacred in ancient Egyptian mythology, while in Yoruba mythology, the Orisha Shango was said to use the plant for protection. In African mythology, the plum is also associated with fertility and abundance.

The African plum has significant symbolic meanings in many cultures. In African cultures, the plant is seen as a symbol of fertility, prosperity, and protection. In traditional initiation rites, the plum is used to signify the passage from childhood to adulthood. The plum is also associated with spiritual growth and transformation.

Historical texts, such as the works of Pliny the Elder, mention the African plum as a medicinal plant. The plant was also mentioned in the works of ancient Greek physicians, such as Dioscorides. In the 19th century, the plant was described by botanists as a member of the Prunus genus.

Historical artifacts, such as ceramics and textiles, have been found adorned with depictions of the African plum. The plant was also depicted in ancient rock art and cave paintings. In some African cultures, the plum is still used as a symbol of wealth and status, and is often depicted in traditional art and handicrafts.