What to know about Portulaca oleracea (purslane) before using it medicinally

Portulaca oleracea, commonly known as purslane, is a nutrient-rich herb that has been used for centuries to improve various aspects of health.

This versatile herb is easy to grow in gardens and containers, making it a popular choice for home gardeners. Botanically speaking, Portulaca oleracea belongs to the Portulacaceae family and is characterized by its succulent leaves and stems.

Historically, Portulaca oleracea has been referenced in traditional Chinese medicine and is mentioned in the writings of Greek physician Dioscorides as a medicinal plant.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Portulaca oleracea.

What are the medicinal properties of Portulaca oleracea?

Portulaca oleracea helps with inflammation, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. It is used to treat various health conditions, including skin problems, wounds, and fever. Its extracts have been shown to possess anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties.

The medicinal properties of Portulaca oleracea are attributed to its active constituents, including mucilages, flavonoids, and saponins. These compounds have been identified as the primary responsible for the plant's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.

The parts of the Portulaca oleracea plant most used for medicinal purposes are the leaves and stems. The leaves are rich in mucilages, which are used to soothe irritated skin and mucous membranes. The stems are used to treat wounds and reduce inflammation.

The improper use of Portulaca oleracea can lead to allergic reactions, such as skin irritation, itching, and swelling. Excessive consumption of the plant's extracts may also cause stomach upset, diarrhea, and nausea.

When using Portulaca oleracea medicinally, it is essential to follow certain precautions. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using the plant, as it may stimulate the uterus and cause bleeding. The plant's extracts may also interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners and diabetes medications.

What are the horticulural aspects of Portulaca oleracea?

Portulaca oleracea grow best in full sun and well-drained soil with a pH between 6.1 and 7.8. It is a succulent that thrives in temperatures between 15°C and 30°C. Purslane can tolerate drought but grows best with regular watering. It can be grown as a crop or as a weed.

For planting, purslane seeds can be direct-sown in the garden in spring or fall. Sow seeds 1-2 cm deep and 2-3 cm apart. Thin seedlings to 10-15 cm apart to prevent overcrowding. Purslane can also be grown from cuttings or division. Transplant seedlings or cuttings when they are 5-7 cm tall.

Purslane is ready to harvest when the leaves are 3-5 cm long. Harvest the leaves, stems, and flowers at any time, but avoid harvesting too much, as this can weaken the plant. For seed production, allow the flowers to mature and produce seed. Harvest the seeds when they are dry and brown.

Pests that commonly affect purslane include aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew and leaf spot, can also occur. To prevent these issues, maintain good garden hygiene, water at the base, and avoid overwatering. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of pests or disease.

What are the botanical aspects of Portulaca oleracea?

Portulaca oleracea is a succulent herb with fleshy stems and leaves that are typically 2-7 cm long and 1-2 cm wide. The leaves are green, oval-shaped, and have a wavy margin. The stems are prostrate or decumbent, often rooting at the nodes.

Taxonomically, Portulaca oleracea belongs to the family Portulacaceae and is a member of the genus Portulaca, which contains over 20 species. The species P. oleracea is further divided into two subspecies: P. oleracea subsp. oleracea and P. oleracea subsp. pusilla.

Several variants of Portulaca oleracea have been identified, including P. oleracea var. angustifolia and P. oleracea var. glandulosa. These variants can be distinguished by their leaf shape, stem length, and flower color.

Portulaca oleracea is native to the Old World and is widely distributed across Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. It has also been naturalized in North America and is often found in disturbed areas, such as roadsides, fields, and waste ground.

The life cycle of Portulaca oleracea is annual, with the seeds germinating in spring or summer. The plants grow rapidly, producing flowers that are pollinated by insects. The seeds mature and ripen in late summer, allowing the plants to reproduce and set seed before dying off with the first frost.

What are the historical aspects of Portulaca oleracea?

Portulaca oleracea is a succulent herb that has been used for food, medicine, and other purposes across various cultures for centuries. In ancient times, it was consumed as a vegetable in the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Asia. In some regions, it is still a common ingredient in salads and stews.

In Greek mythology, Portulaca oleracea was associated with the goddess Aphrodite, who was said to have discovered its medicinal properties. In some cultures, the plant was considered a symbol of fertility and abundance due to its ability to thrive in poor soil conditions. Its use in traditional medicine was also well-documented in ancient texts.

In many cultures, Portulaca oleracea is still considered a symbol of good luck, prosperity, and fertility. It is also associated with protection from evil spirits and negative energies. In some parts of the world, it is believed to bring good fortune and prosperity when given as a gift. In other cultures, it is seen as a symbol of resilience and adaptability.

The historical use of Portulaca oleracea is well-documented in ancient texts such as the Ebers Papyrus, which dates back to around 1550 BCE. In this text, the plant is described as a treatment for a range of ailments, including skin conditions and respiratory problems. The Greek physician Dioscorides also wrote about its medicinal properties in his book De Materia Medica.

Archaeological finds have also revealed the significance of Portulaca oleracea in ancient cultures. In the ancient city of Pompeii, for example, purslane was found in several kitchen gardens and was likely used for both food and medicinal purposes. Similarly, in the ancient city of Mohenjo-Daro, purslane seeds were found in a kitchen area, indicating its use as a spice or food ingredient.