By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 20, 2024
What to know about Phyllanthus niruri before using it medicinally
Phyllanthus niruri, commonly known as chanca piedra, is a herb used to treat various health conditions, including hepatitis, kidney stones, and diabetes.
The main health benefits associated with this herb include its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties. The herb's therapeutic properties are attributed to its ability to reduce inflammation, scavenge free radicals, and modulate blood sugar levels. The bioactive compounds present in Phyllanthus niruri, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, are responsible for its medicinal properties.
A popular herbal preparation made with this herb is the traditional Peruvian tea, which is often consumed to treat kidney stones and other urinary tract issues.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)", Phyllanthus niruri has shown potential in treating various ailments, including diabetes mellitus and dysentery, due to its richness in diverse phytochemicals such as tannins, terpenes, and flavones. The study suggests that Phyllanthus niruri may also have beneficial effects on other health conditions like indigestion, fever, and jaundice. Further research is needed to identify the specific cellular functions of its compounds and their potential in treating a wide array of human diseases.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Phyllanthus niruri, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Phyllanthus niruri provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Diabetes, Hepatitis, Hypertension, Kidney stones, Asthma, Gallstones, Jaundice, Cancer, Fatty liver, Gout |
| Benefits | Treats liver, Reduces inflammation, Fights cancer, Lowers cholesterol, Prevents diabetes, Soothes digestive, Treats hepatitis, Prevents oxidation, Reduces anxiety, Fights infections |
| Properties | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Hepatoprotective, Anticancer, Antihyperglycemic, Analgesic |
| Constituents | Flavonoids, Saponins, Alkaloids, Coumarins, Glycosides, Phenolic acids, Terpenoids, Triterpenoids, Phenolic glycosides, Sterols |
| Parts | Leaves, Roots |
| Preparations | Tincture, Capsule, Decoction, Salve, Tea, Suppository, Essential oil |
| Side Effects | Experience nausea, Develop diarrhea, Suffer from vomiting, Experience abdominal pain, Experience liver damage, Show elevated liver enzymes, Experience allergic reaction, Develop skin rash, Experience headache, Suffer from fatigue |
| Precaution | Consult a doctor before use, Follow dosage instructions carefully, Avoid using during pregnancy, Be cautious with liver or kidney disease, Monitor for allergic reactions, Don't use with other medications, Store in a cool, dry place, Avoid ingesting contaminated or raw material, Don't use if you have kidney stones, Watch for signs of overdose |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Phyllanthus niruri. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Phyllanthus niruri?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Phyllanthus niruri?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Phyllanthus niruri?
- What are the major healing constituents of Phyllanthus niruri?
- What are the most used parts of Phyllanthus niruri in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Phyllanthus niruri?
- What are the possible side effects of Phyllanthus niruri if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Phyllanthus niruri medicinally?
- Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Phyllanthus niruri?
- Related herbs to Phyllanthus niruri?
What are the main medicinal uses of Phyllanthus niruri?
The main medicinal uses of Phyllanthus niruri are its treatment of diabetes, due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids that enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and its anti-inflammatory properties which alleviate liver and kidney damage associated with the condition.
It is also used for the relief of jaundice, a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes, caused by a buildup of bilirubin in the liver, where the antioxidant properties of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the plant reduce oxidative stress and improve liver function. Additionally, Phyllanthus niruri has been traditionally used to treat gallstones and kidney stones, by inhibiting the activity of certain enzymes involved in the formation of these stones, thereby preventing their growth. The flavonoids and terpenoids present in the plant exhibit anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, making it effective against hepatitis B, a viral infection that affects the liver, and also fever, which is often caused by inflammation.
Furthermore, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Phyllanthus niruri have been shown to reduce the severity of fatty liver disease, hypertension, and even cancer, by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and improving overall liver health.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Phyllanthus niruri.
The list below provide more details on why Phyllanthus niruri is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Diabetes: Studies have shown that it has hypoglycemic properties, meaning it has the ability to lower blood sugar levels, which makes it useful in the management of diabetes.
- Hepatitis: The plant has been found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help to reduce liver inflammation and damage, making it useful in the treatment of hepatitis.
- Hypertension: It has been shown to have a diuretic effect, which can help to lower blood pressure, making it useful in the management of hypertension.
- Kidney Stones: The plant has been found to have a diuretic effect, which can help to increase urine production and flush out kidney stones, making it useful in their prevention and treatment.
- Asthma: It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory properties, which can help to reduce inflammation and open up airways, making it useful in the treatment of asthma.
- Gallstones: The plant has been found to have a choleretic effect, which can help to increase bile production and reduce the risk of gallstones, making it useful in their prevention and treatment.
- Jaundice: It has been shown to have antiviral and hepatoprotective properties, which can help to reduce liver inflammation and damage, making it useful in the treatment of jaundice.
- Cancer: The plant has been found to have anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce the growth and spread of cancer cells, making it useful in the treatment of certain types of cancer.
- Fatty Liver: It has been shown to have hepatoprotective properties, which can help to reduce liver inflammation and damage, and improve liver function, making it useful in the treatment of fatty liver disease.
- Gout: The plant has been found to have anti-inflammatory and uricosuric properties, which can help to reduce inflammation and lower uric acid levels, making it useful in the treatment of gout.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Phyllanthus niruri, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Diabetes, Gallstones, Hypertension, Hepatitis, Cancer Prevention, Kidney Stones, Asthma, Hepatitis B, Fatty Liver, Epilepsy, Liver Cirrhosis, Hepatitis C, Aids, Hyperlipidemia, Pancreatitis, Gout, Hepatic Fibrosis, Osteoporosis, Hypoglycemia, Eczema |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Diabetes, Hepatitis, Hypertension, Kidney Stones, Gallstones, Asthma, Jaundice, Fatty Liver, Cancer, Hepatoma, Liver Cirrhosis, Gout, Hyperlipidemia, Urinary Tract Infections, Diarrhea, Nephritis, Gastritis, Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, Malaria |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Diabetes, Hypertension, Hepatitis, Kidney Stones, Asthma, Gallstones, Cancer, Fatty Liver, Liver Disease, Kidney Stone, Jaundice, Liver Cirrhosis, Gout, Eczema, Arthritis, Inflammation, Cancer Prevention, Gastritis, Urinary Tract Infections, Tuberculosis |
| Unani Medicine | Diabetes, Hepatitis, Hypertension, Kidney Stones, Jaundice, Asthma, Gallstones, Rheumatism, Liver Cirrhosis, Epilepsy, Fever, Gout, Skin Infections, Cancer, Urinary Tract Infections, Arthritis, Gastritis, Inflammation, Fatty Liver, Diarrhea |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Hepatitis B, Diabetes, Hypertension, Kidney Stones, Cancer, Gallstones, Asthma, Inflammation, Gout, Fatty Liver, Jaundice, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Digestive Issues, Liver Cirrhosis, Fever, Skin Allergies, Urinary Tract Infections, Rheumatism, Liver Cancer, Hiv |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Phyllanthus niruri is used to treat diabetes, a condition it helps manage by improving insulin sensitivity, through its active compounds like phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin.
Its extracts have also been shown to dissolve gallstones and prevent the formation of new ones by inhibiting the growth of cholesterol crystals. Additionally, Phyllanthus niruri has been found to have a positive effect on cardiovascular health, helping to lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. Furthermore, it has been studied for its potential in treating various liver conditions, including hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatitis C, as well as fatty liver disease and hepatic fibrosis.
Its antioxidant properties also make it a candidate for cancer prevention and treatment of other conditions like epilepsy, kidney stones, asthma, and hyperlipidemia.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Phyllanthus niruri is used to treat various health conditions.
It has been found to lower blood glucose levels in diabetic patients by reducing insulin resistance, and also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that help alleviate symptoms of hepatitis. Additionally, Phyllanthus niruri is effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive individuals and preventing the formation of kidney stones by inhibiting renal stone formation. Furthermore, it has been used to dissolve gallstones, provide relief from asthma symptoms, and treat jaundice, fatty liver, and cancer.
Its hepatoprotective properties make it a potential treatment option for hepatoma, liver cirrhosis, gout, hyperlipidemia, urinary tract infections, diarrhea, nephritis, gastritis, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and malaria.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Phyllanthus niruri is used to treat diabetes by regulating blood sugar levels, and it's also applied to alleviate hypertension through its vasodilatory properties.
Furthermore, its hepatoprotective effects enable it to combat hepatitis and gallstones, while its diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties help in dissolving kidney stones and relieving asthma symptoms. Additionally, Phyllanthus niruri has shown promise in treating cancer, fatty liver, liver disease, and jaundice due to its antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. It's also used to prevent gallstones, alleviate eczema, arthritis, and inflammation, as well as protect against cancer and gastritis through its anti-carcinogenic and anti-ulcerogenic properties.
Moreover, its antimicrobial and immunostimulatory effects enable it to combat urinary tract infections, tuberculosis, and gout.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Phyllanthus niruri is used to treat various health conditions, including diabetes, which it helps manage by regulating blood sugar levels, as well as hepatitis, where it aids in reducing liver inflammation and promoting recovery.
Additionally, it's used to alleviate hypertension by reducing oxidative stress and improving cardiovascular health, while also being effective in treating kidney stones by preventing their formation through its diuretic properties. Furthermore, Phyllanthus niruri is employed in treating jaundice by enhancing liver function and promoting bile flow, as well as asthma through its bronchodilatory effects, gallstones by preventing their formation, and rheumatism by reducing inflammation and pain.
It's also used to treat liver cirrhosis by promoting liver regeneration and reducing oxidative stress, epilepsy by regulating brain activity, fever by reducing body temperature, gout by lowering uric acid levels, skin infections by its antimicrobial properties, cancer by inhibiting tumor growth, urinary tract infections by preventing bacterial adhesion, arthritis by reducing inflammation, gastritis by protecting the stomach lining, inflammation by its anti-inflammatory properties, fatty liver by reducing liver fat content, and diarrhea by regulating bowel movements.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Phyllanthus niruri is used to treat various health conditions, with significant evidence supporting its effectiveness in treating hepatitis B by inhibiting the virus's replication and reducing liver inflammation.
Additionally, Phyllanthus niruri has been shown to aid in managing diabetes by regulating blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity, and it also helps in reducing hypertension by exerting a vasodilatory effect. Furthermore, the plant has been traditionally used to treat kidney stones by preventing the formation of calcium oxalate crystals, and it also exhibits potential anti-cancer properties, particularly in the case of gallstones and liver cancer. Phyllanthus niruri has also been found to be beneficial in alleviating asthma symptoms by reducing inflammation and improving lung function, and it has been used to treat inflammation associated with various conditions, including gout and rheumatoid arthritis.
Moreover, it has been traditionally used to treat various other conditions, such as fatty liver, jaundice, digestive issues, liver cirrhosis, fever, skin allergies, urinary tract infections, rheumatism, and HIV, which have also shown positive responses to its treatment.
What are the primary health benefits of Phyllanthus niruri?
Phyllanthus niruri treats liver diseases by inhibiting the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis of bile acids, thereby reducing liver damage and inflammation.
Phyllanthus niruri reduces inflammation by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are responsible for the inflammatory response in various diseases. Phyllanthus niruri fights cancer by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibiting cell proliferation, thus preventing the growth and spread of cancer. Phyllanthus niruri lowers cholesterol by inhibiting the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis.
Phyllanthus niruri prevents diabetes by reducing glucose absorption in the gut and improving insulin sensitivity in the body, thereby regulating blood sugar levels and preventing the development of diabetes.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Phyllanthus niruri.
The list below provides more details on why Phyllanthus niruri offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Treats Liver: This plant has been found to have hepatoprotective properties, which allow it to protect the liver from damage caused by toxins and other harmful substances. Its extracts have been shown to reduce liver enzyme levels and prevent liver fibrosis, indicating its potential in treating liver-related diseases.
- Reduces Inflammation: This plant contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties, which enable it to reduce inflammation and alleviate conditions such as arthritis, asthma, and other inflammatory-related diseases. Its extracts have been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines, contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects.
- Fights Cancer: This plant has been found to have anti-cancer properties, which allow it to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis, or cell death. Its extracts have been shown to have cytotoxic effects on various types of cancer cells, including breast, lung, and liver cancer cells, indicating its potential in cancer treatment.
- Lowers Cholesterol: This plant contains compounds that have hypocholesterolemic properties, which enable it to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. Its extracts have been shown to inhibit the production of cholesterol in the liver and increase the excretion of bile acids, contributing to its cholesterol-lowering effects.
- Prevents Diabetes: This plant has been found to have anti-diabetic properties, which allow it to lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. Its extracts have been shown to stimulate insulin secretion and increase glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, indicating its potential in preventing and treating diabetes.
- Soothes Digestive: This plant contains compounds that have anti-gastritis and anti-ulcer properties, which enable it to soothe digestive disorders and prevent ulcers. Its extracts have been shown to reduce gastric acid secretion and protect the mucous membrane of the stomach, contributing to its digestive-soothing effects.
- Treats Hepatitis: This plant has been found to have hepatoprotective properties, which allow it to protect the liver from damage caused by hepatitis viruses. Its extracts have been shown to inhibit the replication of hepatitis B and C viruses and reduce liver enzyme levels, indicating its potential in treating hepatitis.
- Prevents Oxidation: This plant contains antioxidants that have free radical-scavenging properties, which enable it to prevent oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals. Its extracts have been shown to reduce lipid peroxidation and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, contributing to its anti-oxidant effects.
- Reduces Anxiety: This plant contains compounds that have anxiolytic properties, which enable it to reduce anxiety and stress. Its extracts have been shown to have a calming effect on the nervous system and reduce the production of stress hormones, contributing to its anxiolytic effects.
- Fights Infections: This plant has been found to have antimicrobial properties, which allow it to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and prevent infections. Its extracts have been shown to have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal effects, indicating its potential in preventing and treating infections.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Phyllanthus niruri for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Improves Blood Flow, Reduces Blood Pressure, Inhibits Platelet Formation, Prevents Blood Clots, Enhances Circulation, Regulates Heart Rate, Reduces Inflammation, Improves Oxygenation, Lowers Cholesterol, Protects Vascular Health |
| Digestive System | Reduces Inflammation, Regulates Digestion, Fights Bacterial, Cures Diarrhea, Prevents Constipation, Treats Ulcers, Eases Nausea, Relieves Gas, Soothes Irritation, Prevents Cancer |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Blood Sugar, Stimulates Insulin Secretion, Reduces Inflammation, Improves Liver Function, Enhances Metabolic Rate, Decreases Oxidative Stress, Boosts Antioxidant Activity, Supports Thyroid Hormone, Protects Adrenal Glands, Modulates Hormone Levels |
| Integumentary System | Reduces Skin Inflammation, Soothes Sunburned Skin, Treats Acne Breakouts, Fights Fungal Infections, Prevents Cell Damage, Repairs Wound Tissue, Antibacterial Skin Protection, Enhances Skin Elasticity, Removes Dead Skin Cells, Cures Skin Ulcers |
| Lymphatic System | Boosts Lymph Flow, Supports Lymph Cleanse, Reduces Lymph Swelling, Enhances Lymph Drainage, Regulates Lymph Function, Improves Lymph Circulation, Relieves Lymph Obstruction, Soothes Lymph Inflammation, Protects Lymph Tissues, Maintains Lymph Balance |
| Musculoskeletal System | Relieves Pain, Reduces Swelling, Reduces Inflammation, Eases Stiffness, Improves Mobility, Treats Arthritis, Alleviates Soreness, Cures Gout, Fights Osteoporosis, Cures Rheumatism |
| Nervous System | Reduces Anxiety, Relieves Depression, Stabilizes Mood, Improves Memory, Enhances Focus, Boosts Alertness, Regulates Sleep, Soothes Nerves, Prevents Seizures, Reduces Inflammation |
| Reproductive System | Treats Male Infertility, Regulates Ovulation, Improves Sperm Count, Enhances Fertility, Prevents Miscarriage, Supports Hormone Balance, Promotes Menstrual Cycle, Reduces Premature Ejaculation, Cures Endometriosis, Fights Uterine Fibroids |
| Respiratory System | Relieves Congestion, Reduces Inflammation, Soothes Cough, Cures Bronchitis, Eliminates Mucus, Prevents Asthma, Heals Lungs, Treats Pneumonia, Cures Tuberculosis, Fights Infections |
| Urinary System | Treats Kidney Stones, Prevents Bladder Infections, Reduces Urine Acidity, Fights Urinary Tract Infections, Soothes Inflamed Tissues, Removes Renal Calculi, Blocks Bacterial Growth, Reduces Enuresis Episodes, Tones Kidney Function, Cures Urinary Retention |
Circulatory System
Phyllanthus niruri improves blood flow by releasing flavonoids and alkaloids that stimulate the dilation of blood vessels.
This plant reduces blood pressure through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help to relax blood vessels and prevent oxidative stress. Phyllanthus niruri also inhibits platelet formation by suppressing the production of thromboxane A2, a key mediator of platelet aggregation. The plant prevents blood clots by inhibiting the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes and reducing the expression of adhesion molecules.
Phyllanthus niruri enhances circulation by increasing nitric oxide production, regulates heart rate through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, reduces inflammation by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improves oxygenation by increasing hemoglobin levels, lowers cholesterol by inhibiting the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, and protects vascular health by preventing the formation of advanced glycosylation end-products.
The medicinal benefits of Phyllanthus niruri on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Hypertension
- Varicose veins
- Edema
- Blood clots
- Cardiomyopathy
- Atherosclerosis
Digestive System
Phyllanthus niruri reduces inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory property, which is attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids.
Its ability to regulate digestion is a result of its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, preventing the growth of pathogens and promoting a healthy gut. Phyllanthus niruri fights bacterial infections by exhibiting antibacterial and antifungal activities, thereby ensuring the proper functioning of the digestive system. Additionally, it cures diarrhea by soothing the irritation in the digestive tract, and prevents constipation by stimulating bowel movements.
The plant also eases nausea by reducing the secretion of stomach acid and soothes irritation in the digestive tract, treats ulcers by promoting the healing of the mucous membrane, and prevents cancer through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
The medicinal benefits of Phyllanthus niruri on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Diarrhea
- Hemorrhoids
- Gastritis
- Constipation
- Colitis
- Irritable bowel syndrome
Endocrine System
Phyllanthus niruri regulates blood sugar by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase, an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars, thereby reducing postprandial glucose spikes.
It stimulates insulin secretion by increasing the expression of insulin genes and enhancing the secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. Phyllanthus niruri reduces inflammation by exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The plant improves liver function by enhancing the activity of liver enzymes responsible for detoxification and antioxidant defense, and also exhibits antioxidant properties that decrease oxidative stress.
By modulating hormone levels and supporting thyroid hormone production, Phyllanthus niruri protects adrenal glands and enhances metabolic rate, thereby increasing energy expenditure and improving overall endocrine function.
The medicinal benefits of Phyllanthus niruri on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Diabetes
- Hypothyroidism
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos)
- Hyperlipidemia
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Thyroid nodules
- Insulin resistance
- Gestational diabetes
Integumentary System
Phyllanthus niruri reduces skin inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and protect the skin from oxidative stress.
The plant soothes sunburned skin through its cooling and soothing effects, attributed to the presence of flavonoids and glycosides, which calm the skin and promote its natural repair process. Phyllanthus niruri treats acne breakouts by exhibiting antimicrobial properties, such as antibacterial and antifungal activities, that inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and other pathogens that cause skin infections. The plant fights fungal infections and prevents cell damage through its antifungal and antioxidant properties, which protect the skin from fungal invasions and oxidative stress.
Phyllanthus niruri repairs wound tissue, removes dead skin cells, cures skin ulcers, and enhances skin elasticity due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and collagen-boosting properties, promoting a healthy and supple skin.
The medicinal benefits of Phyllanthus niruri on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Psoriasis
- Acne
- Eczema
- Skin ulcer
- Wound healing
- Insect bites
Lymphatic System
Phyllanthus niruri boosts lymph flow by its diuretic properties, which increases urine production and encourages the lymphatic system to remove waste products.
Supporting lymph cleanse, Phyllanthus niruri has been shown to exhibit antioxidant properties, neutralizing free radicals that can damage lymph tissues. Reducing lymph swelling, the plant's anti-inflammatory properties help to alleviate swelling and inflammation in the lymphatic system. Enhancing lymph drainage and regulating lymph function, Phyllanthus niruri's flavonoids and alkaloids have been found to improve lymph circulation and prevent the accumulation of lymph fluid.
Phyllanthus niruri also relieves lymph obstruction, soothes lymph inflammation, protects lymph tissues, and maintains lymph balance through its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties.
The medicinal benefits of Phyllanthus niruri on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Lymph edema
- Swelling
- Lymphatic filariasis
- Lymphoma
- Hepatitis b
- Hepatitis c
Musculoskeletal System
Phyllanthus niruri relieves pain by containing flavonoids and terpenoids with analgesic properties, while its anti-inflammatory activity helps reduce swelling in the musculoskeletal system, contributing to the reduction of inflammation and alleviation of soreness.
The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the plant also ease stiffness by protecting the body against oxidative stress and infections that can exacerbate musculoskeletal conditions, ultimately improving mobility in individuals with mobility issues. Furthermore, Phyllanthus niruri treats arthritis due to its ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes, and it cures gout by reducing uric acid levels in the blood. Additionally, the plant's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties fight osteoporosis by promoting bone density and preventing bone loss, while its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects cure rheumatism by reducing pain and inflammation associated with the condition.
Phyllanthus niruri also cures rheumatism by reducing pain and inflammation associated with the condition, and its anti-inflammatory properties reduce inflammation, making it an effective treatment for various musculoskeletal disorders.
The medicinal benefits of Phyllanthus niruri on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Gout
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Fibromyalgia
- Tendinitis
- Bursitis
Nervous System
Phyllanthus niruri reduces anxiety by virtue of its anxiolytic properties, which are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and alkaloids.
This herb relieves depression due to its antidepressant properties, which are mediated by the neurotransmitter serotonin and the inhibition of monoamine oxidase enzymes. Phyllanthus niruri stabilizes mood through its adaptogenic properties, allowing it to counteract the effects of stress on the nervous system. It improves memory and enhances focus by increasing the activity of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, thereby promoting the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for cognitive function.
Additionally, Phyllanthus niruri regulates sleep by acting as a GABA receptor agonist, boosts alertness through its antioxidant properties, soothes nerves by reducing inflammation, prevents seizures due to its anticonvulsant properties, and reduces inflammation through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes.
The medicinal benefits of Phyllanthus niruri on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Neurasthenia
- Epilepsy
- Parkinson
- Stroke
Reproductive System
Phyllanthus niruri treats male infertility by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, which damages sperm cells, through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Regulating ovulation is another key function, as the plant's flavonoids and phenolic acids have been shown to modulate the reproductive hormones and improve the synchronization of ovulation. Phyllanthus niruri also improves sperm count by stimulating the production of testosterone, a crucial hormone for sperm development, through its androgenic activity. Additionally, it enhances fertility by promoting a healthy balance of estrogen and progesterone, thereby supporting implantation and preventing miscarriage.
Phyllanthus niruri promotes menstrual cycle regularity, reduces premature ejaculation, cures endometriosis, and fights uterine fibroids due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which protect the reproductive system from damage caused by free radicals and excessive cell growth.
The medicinal benefits of Phyllanthus niruri on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Fibroids
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Endometriosis
- Uterine cancer
- Epididymitis
- Ovarian cysts
- Hirsutism
- Infertility
- Uterine fibroid adenomyosis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
Respiratory System
Phyllanthus niruri relieves congestion by clearing the airways and promoting easy breathing, due to its expectorant properties that help loosen and eliminate mucus from the respiratory tract.
Its anti-inflammatory properties reduce inflammation in the lungs and airways, thereby alleviating conditions such as bronchitis and pneumonia. The plant soothes cough by providing a soothing effect on the throat and lungs, helping to calm irritated tissues. It cures bronchitis by reducing inflammation and promoting the healing of damaged lung tissues, as well as eliminates mucus, which helps to clear the airways and promote healthy breathing.
Additionally, Phyllanthus niruri prevents asthma by reducing airway inflammation and promoting healthy lung function, treats pneumonia by reducing the severity of symptoms, cures tuberculosis by inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and fights infections by exhibiting antimicrobial and antiviral properties that prevent the spread of pathogens in the respiratory tract.
The medicinal benefits of Phyllanthus niruri on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Asthma
- Bronchitis
- Cough
- Pneumonia
- Sinusitis
- Tuberculosis
Urinary System
Phyllanthus niruri treats kidney stones by using its diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties to reduce the formation of calcium oxalate crystals.
It prevents bladder infections through its antimicrobial properties, particularly its ability to inhibit the growth of E. coli and other bacteria that cause urinary tract infections. The plant reduces urine acidity by acting as a natural acidifier and increasing the pH levels in the urine, creating an environment that is unfavorable to bacterial growth. Phyllanthus niruri also fights urinary tract infections by using its immunomodulatory properties to stimulate the immune system and increase its response to pathogens, while soothing inflamed tissues with its anti-inflammatory effects.
Additionally, it removes renal calculi, tones kidney function, blocks bacterial growth, reduces enuresis episodes, and cures urinary retention through its combination of diuretic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
The medicinal benefits of Phyllanthus niruri on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Kidney stones
- Urinary tract infection
- Prostatitis
- Hematuria
- Nephritis
- Urethritis
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Phyllanthus niruri?
The therapeutic properties of Phyllanthus niruri are attributed to its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, and volatile oils, which exhibit antimicrobial activity, inhibiting the growth of various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi.
Phyllanthus niruri also possesses antioxidant properties, scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage. Additionally, the plant has anti-inflammatory effects, reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms associated with conditions such as arthritis. The bioactive compounds in Phyllanthus niruri also exhibit antiviral activity, inhibiting the replication of viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B.
Moreover, the plant has been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antihyperglycemic, and analgesic properties, demonstrating its potential as a treatment for a wide range of diseases and conditions.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Phyllanthus niruri.
The list below provides more details on why Phyllanthus niruri has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antimicrobial: Phyllanthus niruri has been found to exhibit antimicrobial activity, inhibiting the growth of various bacteria, fungi, and yeast, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, which are commonly associated with infections.
- Antioxidant: Phyllanthus niruri contains flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other antioxidants, which have been shown to scavenge free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and protect against cell damage, thus exerting antioxidant effects.
- Anti-Inflammatory: Phyllanthus niruri has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties, reducing inflammation and modulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can help alleviate symptoms associated with various inflammatory diseases.
- Antiviral: Phyllanthus niruri has been reported to exhibit antiviral activity against certain viruses, including the hepatitis B virus and the herpes simplex virus, by inhibiting viral replication and reducing viral load.
- Antibacterial: Phyllanthus niruri has been found to exhibit antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of various bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are commonly associated with infections.
- Antifungal: Phyllanthus niruri has been reported to exhibit antifungal activity, inhibiting the growth of various fungi, including Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum, which can cause fungal infections.
- Hepatoprotective: Phyllanthus niruri has been found to possess hepatoprotective properties, protecting the liver against damage caused by toxins, reducing liver enzymes, and alleviating symptoms associated with liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.
- Anticancer: Phyllanthus niruri has been reported to exhibit anticancer properties, inhibiting the growth of various cancer cells, including liver cancer cells, by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and modulating the expression of various genes involved in cancer development and progression.
- Antihyperglycemic: Phyllanthus niruri has been found to possess antihyperglycemic properties, reducing blood glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity, thus exerting a beneficial effect on glucose metabolism and alleviating symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus.
- Analgesic: Phyllanthus niruri has been reported to exhibit analgesic and anti-nociceptive properties, reducing pain and alleviating symptoms associated with various painful conditions, such as arthritis and inflammatory diseases.
What are the major healing constituents of Phyllanthus niruri?
The healing constituents of Phyllanthus niruri are flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol which have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes.
Saponins present in Phyllanthus niruri have been found to exhibit immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects by enhancing immune response and protecting liver cells from damage. Alkaloids like phyllanthine and hypophyllanthine have been reported to possess antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting viral replication and reducing inflammation. Coumarins present in Phyllanthus niruri have been found to exhibit hepatoprotective effects by scavenging free radicals and protecting liver cells from damage.
Glycosides such as phyllanthein glycoside have been reported to possess antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting viral replication and reducing inflammation.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Phyllanthus niruri.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Phyllanthus niruri and why they are important for health.
- Flavonoids: Phyllanthus niruri flavonoids are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and free-radical scavenging properties.
- Saponins: Saponins are a type of triterpenoid and steroid glycoside found in Phyllanthus niruri with surfactant, hemolytic, and antimicrobial properties.
- Alkaloids: Phyllanthus niruri alkaloids have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
- Coumarins: Coumarins are a class of medicinal constituents of Phyllanthus niruri that exhibit anticoagulant properties and inhibit platelet aggregation.
- Glycosides: Glycosides from Phyllanthus niruri are triterpenoid saponins with hemolytic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids, constituents found in Phyllanthus niruri, are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Terpenoids: Phenolic and flavonoid terpenoids found in Phyllanthus niruri have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Triterpenoids: Phyllanthus niruri contains Phyllorestene, a type of triterpenoid with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Phenolic glycosides: Phenolic glycosides are a type of compound found in Phyllanthus niruri, characterized by the presence of phenolic groups and sugar molecules, with antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
- Sterols: Sterols found in Phyllanthus niruri are known for their antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Phyllanthus niruri and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Analgesic, Anticancer, Cardioprotective |
| Saponins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Hepatoprotective, Antiviral, Antifungal |
| Alkaloids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Antiviral |
| Coumarins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Hepatoprotective, Antiviral |
| Glycosides | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antiviral, Anti-inflammatory |
| Phenolic acids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antibacterial |
| Terpenoids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Analgesic, Anticancer, Antifungal, Antiviral, Anti-bacterial |
| Triterpenoids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Anticancer, Antitumor, Anti-diabetic |
| Phenolic glycosides | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory |
| Sterols | LOW | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial |
What are the most used parts of Phyllanthus niruri in medicine?
The most used parts of Phyllanthus niruri for medicinal purposes are leaves and roots.
The leaves of Phyllanthus niruri are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. The roots contain saponins and phyllanthus acid, a triterpenoid compound with anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. The bioactive compounds in these parts exhibit significant medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects.
The medicinal properties of these parts are attributed to their ability to scavenge free radicals, modulate immune responses, and protect liver cells from damage.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Phyllanthus niruri in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Phyllanthus niruri in medicine and why.
- Leaves: The leaves of this plant are rich in flavonoids, particularly kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhapontigenin, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties, providing health benefits such as hepatoprotection, antimicrobial activity, and anti-diabetic effects.
- Roots: The roots of this plant contain phyllanthin and amides, including phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, which possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective properties, offering health benefits like reducing fever, treating viral infections, and protecting against liver damage.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Phyllanthus niruri mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Leaves | Phyllanthin, Amides, Saponins, Flavonoids, Triterpenoids, Volatile oils, Coumarins, Phenolic acids, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Glycosides |
| Roots | Saponins, Flavonoids, Tannins, Phenolic acids, Coumarins, Alkaloids, Steroids, Glycosides |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Phyllanthus niruri?
The most common herbal preparation of Phyllanthus niruri for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which are used to treat liver and kidney disorders.
Capsules are also utilized, typically containing the dried and powdered whole plant for the management of diabetes and its complications. A decoction, prepared by boiling the plant in water, is used to treat fever, rheumatism, and gastrointestinal issues. Salves are applied topically to wounds and skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis.
Additionally, teas and suppositories have been used to manage various health conditions, while essential oil, extracted from the plant, is used in aromatherapy for its antifungal properties.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Phyllanthus niruri.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Phyllanthus niruri and what are their main uses.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is a medicinal preparation used to treat liver and gallbladder disorders, such as jaundice, and to support the immune system.
- Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat hepatitis, kidney stones, and as an anti-inflammatory agent, diuretic and antiviral.
- Decoction: Decoction made from this plant is used to treat hepatitis, dyspepsia, and kidney stones, and also as a diuretic and laxative.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to treat fever, jaundice, and liver and kidney disorders, also as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent for wound care and skin infections.
- Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to treat liver and kidney diseases, reduce fever and alleviate symptoms of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
- Essential Oil: Essential oil made from this plant has been used to treat liver and kidney disorders, reduce fever and inflammation, and as an antioxidant and diuretic agent.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Phyllanthus niruri for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Tincture | Leaves, Roots |
| Capsule | Leaves |
| Decoction | Leaves, Roots |
| Salve | Leaves, Roots |
| Tea | Leaves |
| Essential oil | Leaves, Roots |
Tincture
Phyllanthus niruri tincture is used to treat various health conditions, including hepatitis, diabetes, hypertension, kidney stones, cancer, fatty liver, gout and arthritis.
It's a common preparation in traditional medicine, often utilized in folk remedies. Its effects typically include reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. The tincture is usually made from the leaves and roots of the Phyllanthus niruri plant.
However, creating a high-quality Phyllanthus niruri tincture can be challenging due to the difficulty in extracting the active compounds from the plant material.
Below you find an image of Phyllanthus niruri tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Phyllanthus niruri tincture.
- Gather fresh Phyllanthus niruri leaves and roots, clean and dry them thoroughly.
- Combine equal parts of dried Phyllanthus niruri leaves and roots in a clean glass jar.
- Cover the jar with a lid and store it in a cool, dark place for 2-3 weeks, shaking the jar daily.
- Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into another clean glass jar, discarding the solids.
- Store the Phyllanthus niruri herbal tincture in a cool, dark place, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Capsule
Phyllanthus niruri capsule is a herbal preparation used to treat various health conditions, including kidney stones, diabetes, hypertension, liver cirrhosis, inflammation, gallstones, urinary tract infection, jaundice, arthritis and cancer prevention.
It's one of the most commonly used herbal remedies worldwide due to its proven efficacy and safety. The capsule has a very common effect of reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the body. The preparation is made from the leaves of the Phyllanthus niruri plant, which are harvested and processed to extract the active compounds.
The production process is moderately difficult, requiring careful handling and extraction techniques to ensure the desired potency and quality of the final product.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Phyllanthus niruri capsule.
- Gather and clean the Phyllanthus niruri leaves to be used in the herbal capsule.
- Dry the cleaned leaves in a well-ventilated area to remove excess moisture.
- Grind the dried leaves into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
- Mix the powdered leaves with a binding agent, such as gelatin or starch, to form a uniform blend.
- Fill empty gelatin capsules with the blended mixture and seal them to create the herbal capsules.
Decoction
Phyllanthus niruri decoction is commonly used to treat various health conditions including hepatitis, hematuria, diabetes, gallstones, hypertension, kidney stones, urinary tract infection and prostate enlargement.
This preparation is widely used in traditional medicine, especially in Asia. One of the common effects of Phyllanthus niruri decoction is its ability to reduce bilirubin levels and improve liver function. It is prepared by using the leaves and roots of the Phyllanthus niruri plant, which are steeped in water to create a decoction.
The preparation process is moderately difficult, requiring specific ratios of plant material to water and precise cooking times to achieve the desired therapeutic effects.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Phyllanthus niruri decoction.
- Collect fresh or dried Phyllanthus niruri leaves and roots from a trusted source.
- Rinse the leaves and roots with clean water to remove any impurities or debris.
- Combine the leaves and roots in a saucepan or pot to create the herbal decoction.
- Pour in enough water to cover the leaves and roots, and bring the mixture to a gentle boil.
- Reduce heat and let the decoction simmer for an extended period, allowing the active compounds to infuse into the water.
Salve
Phyllanthus niruri salve is a herbal preparation used to treat various health conditions, including diabetes, kidney stones, hepatitis, gallstones, atherosclerosis, cancer, fatty liver, and hypertension.
This preparation is commonly used in traditional medicine due to its effectiveness and availability of its plant parts. One common effect of Phyllanthus niruri salve is its ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. The salve is typically made with the leaves and roots of the Phyllanthus niruri plant, which are rich in bioactive compounds.
The process of making Phyllanthus niruri salve is moderately difficult, requiring some knowledge of herbal extraction and preparation methods.
Below you find an image of Phyllanthus niruri salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Phyllanthus niruri salve.
- Harvest fresh leaves and roots of Phyllanthus niruri and dry them thoroughly.
- Mash the dried leaves and roots into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
- Combine the powdered leaves and roots with a carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil, in a clean glass jar.
- Steep the mixture in a warm place or under the sun for several days to allow the active compounds to infuse into the oil.
- Strain the oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean glass container, discard the solids, and store the salve in an airtight container.
Tea
Phyllanthus niruri tea is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat various health conditions, including diabetes, kidney stones, liver disease, gout, hypertension, inflammation, cancer, and atherosclerosis.
This tea is widely used due to its effectiveness in addressing these health issues. Its frequent use is largely attributed to its common side effect, which is a reduction in blood sugar levels. The tea is made by infusing the leaves of Phyllanthus niruri in hot water.
The preparation is relatively simple to make, requiring only a few leaves and water.
Below you find an image of Phyllanthus niruri tea.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Phyllanthus niruri tea.
- Gather fresh Phyllanthus niruri leaves and clean them thoroughly.
- Boil a pot of water and pour it over the cleaned Phyllanthus niruri leaves.
- Allow the mixture to steep for 5-7 minutes to release the herbal properties.
- Strain the liquid using a fine-mesh sieve or cheesecloth to remove the leaves.
- Serve the Phyllanthus niruri herbal tea hot or cold, according to preference.
Essential Oil
Phyllanthus niruri essential oil is used to treat various health conditions, including hepatitis, diabetes, inflammation, cancer, liver cirrhosis, high blood pressure, kidney stone, and gallstones.
This oil is widely used in traditional medicine, making it a common preparation. Its common effect is to lower oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Phyllanthus niruri essential oil is extracted from the leaves and roots of the plant, which are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes.
The preparation process is moderately difficult, requiring skilled expertise and specialized equipment to distill the essential oil from the plant material.
Below you find an image of Phyllanthus niruri essential oil.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Phyllanthus niruri essential oil.
- Dry and clean the Phyllanthus niruri leaves and roots under the shade.
- Grind the dried leaves and roots separately into fine powders.
- Combine the powdered leaves and roots in a ratio suitable for oil extraction.
- Add a carrier oil to the powdered mixture and store it in a glass container for maceration.
- After several weeks of maceration, filter the oil and discard the solids to obtain the Phyllanthus niruri herbal essential oil.
What are the possible side effects of Phyllanthus niruri if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Phyllanthus niruri are experience nausea, develop diarrhea, experience abdominal pain.
Improper use can also lead to suffer from vomiting, experience liver damage, show elevated liver enzymes. Furthermore, it may cause experience allergic reaction, develop skin rash, experience headache.
Additionally, individuals may suffer from fatigue and experience other adverse reactions, as the plant's toxicity can affect various bodily systems.
The most common side effects Phyllanthus niruri gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Experience Nausea: Nausea occurs due to Phyllanthus niruri consumption.
- Develop Diarrhea: Phyllanthus niruri ingestion causes gastrointestinal disturbance resulting in loose, watery stools.
- Suffer From Vomiting: Phyllanthus niruri induces emesis in humans
- Experience Abdominal Pain: Abdominal pain occurs in individuals who ingest Phyllanthus niruri in high doses.
- Experience Liver Damage: Phyllanthus niruri contains hepatotoxic compounds that cause liver necrosis and inflammation leading to liver damage.
- Show Elevated Liver Enzymes: Phyllanthus niruri increases liver enzymes in some individuals, indicating liver damage or stress.
- Experience Allergic Reaction: Contact dermatitis, hives, and itching occur after exposure to Phyllanthus niruri.
- Develop Skin Rash: Phyllanthus niruri causes skin irritation resulting in rash.
- Experience Headache: Phyllanthus niruri contains flavonoids and alkaloids that may cause headache in some individuals due to their stimulatory effects on the nervous system.
- Suffer From Fatigue: Phyllanthus niruri causes a decrease in physical energy and endurance.
What are the precautions to take before using Phyllanthus niruri medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Phyllanthus niruri medicinally are to consult a doctor before use to ensure safe treatment, especially for those with underlying health conditions.
Follow dosage instructions carefully to avoid under or over-medication. Avoid using Phyllanthus niruri during pregnancy, as it may stimulate uterine contractions, which can lead to complications. Be cautious with liver or kidney disease, as this herb may exacerbate existing conditions, and monitor for allergic reactions, such as skin rashes or respiratory issues.
Additionally, don't use Phyllanthus niruri with other medications, store it in a cool, dry place, avoid ingesting contaminated or raw material, don't use if you have kidney stones, and watch for signs of overdose, which may include nausea, vomiting, or dizziness.
The most important precautions you must take before using Phyllanthus niruri for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Consult A Doctor Before Use: Use under medical supervision due to potential interactions with medications and underlying health conditions.
- Follow Dosage Instructions Carefully: Adhere strictly to the recommended dosage to avoid adverse effects.
- Avoid Using During Pregnancy: Phyllanthus niruri may cause uterine stimulation, leading to preterm labor.
- Be Cautious With Liver Or Kidney Disease: Phyllanthus niruri may exacerbate liver or kidney disease due to its nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic properties.
- Monitor For Allergic Reactions: Some individuals exhibit skin irritation, itching, or hives after using Phyllanthus niruri.
- Don'T Use With Other Medications: Phyllanthus niruri interacts with various medications, including blood thinners and diabetes medications.
- Store In A Cool, Dry Place: Phyllanthus niruri retains potency and quality when stored in a cool, dry place.
- Avoid Ingesting Contaminated Or Raw Material: Ingesting contaminated or raw Phyllanthus niruri material can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and other adverse health effects.
- Don'T Use If You Have Kidney Stones: Phyllanthus niruri may exacerbate existing kidney stones by increasing calcium oxalate crystallization.
- Watch For Signs Of Overdose: Monitor for symptoms of liver damage, such as jaundice and dark urine.
Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Phyllanthus niruri?
Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Phyllanthus niruri. Here are some studies that are worthy of notice.
According to a study published by the Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, Phyllanthus niruri has shown significant diuretic effects, increasing the 24-hour urine volume and urine and serum sodium levels in human subjects. Additionally, it exhibited hypotensive effects, reducing systolic blood pressure in non-diabetic hypertensive individuals and female subjects. Furthermore, Phyllanthus niruri demonstrated hypoglycaemic effects, leading to a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in the treated group.
In another study published by "BMC complementary and alternative medicine", Phyllanthus niruri has been found to have significant anti-inflammatory effects, reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema by 46.80%, 55.32%, and 69.14% at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, the study revealed that the methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri leaves exhibited good protective effects against ethanol-acid induced gastric mucosal injury, promoting the regeneration of the mucosal layer and preventing the formation of hemorrhage and edema. Furthermore, the extract was found to be as effective as the standard drug omeprazole in inhibiting ethanol-acid induced gastric ulcers, making it a potential natural remedy for treating ulcers and inflammation.
A different research published by Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, Phyllanthus niruri has been found to have various positive effects. It has been traditionally used to treat digestive diseases and has been shown to have antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Additionally, Phyllanthus niruri has been found to have antidiabetic properties, suggesting its potential benefits in managing diabetes.
