European reed

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• European reed
• European reedgrass
• African reed
• Non-native Phragmites
• common reed
• phragmites

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Cynodon phragmites
• Oxyanthe phragmites
• Trichoon phragmites
• Phragmites australis f. subuniflora
• Phragmites australis var. flavescens
• Phragmites communis subsp. humilis
• Phragmites communis
• Phragmites graecus
• Phragmites flavescens
• Arundo phragmites var. variegata
• Phragmites communis proles humilis
• Phragmites communis subsp. maritimus
• Phragmites communis subsp. marsillianus
• Phragmites communis var. stolonifera
• Phragmites communis var. flavescens
• Phragmites communis var. maritimus
• Phragmites turkestanicus
• Phragmites communis f. stolonifera
• Phragmites communis f. subuniflora
• Phragmites communis f. flavescens
• Phargmites communis var. tenella
• Arundo pumila
• Phragmites communis subsp. nigricans
• Arundo phragmites var. nigricans
• Phragmites nigricans
• Phragmites stenophyllus
• Phragmites communis proles stenophyllus
• Phragmites communis subsp. stenophyllus
• Phragmites australis var. striatopictus
• Phragmites australis f. pilifer
• Phragmites communis var. vulgaris
• Arundo barbata
• Arundo graeca
• Arundo occidentalis
• Arundo nigricans
• Arundo phragmites var. subuniflora
• Reimaria diffusa
• Phragmites bhattacharyyae
• Xenochloa arundinacea
• Cynodon phragmites var. durvillei
• Czernya arundinacea
• Calamagrostis nigricans
• Cenchrus frutescens
• Remirea diffusa
• Arundo phragmites var. tenella
• Phragmites communis var. innubus
• Phalaris communis var. rubriculmis
• Arundo phragmites var. subuniflora
• Phragmites communis var. subuniflora
• Phragmites communis var. variegata
• Phragmites communis var. minor
• Phragmites communis var. minor
• Phragmites communis var. repens
• Arundo phragmites var. pumila
• Arundo phragmites var. stolonifera
• Arundo phragmites var. rivularis
• Arundo vallatoria var. variegata
• Arundo phragmites var. gracilis
• Phragmites breviglumis
• Phragmites chrysanthus var. marsillianus
• Phragmites communis f. pilifer
• Phragmites congestus
• Phragmites longivalvis
• Phragmites loscosii
• Phragmites jeholensis
• Phragmites maritimus
• Phragmites nakaianus
• Phragmites pumilus
• Phragmites willkommianus
• Phragmites xenochloa
• Phragmites communis var. arundinacea
• Phragmites maximus var. variegatus
• Phragmites communis var. salina
• Phragmites australis f. goldstripe
• Phragmites communis var. nigricans
• Phragmites tzvelevii
• Phragmites hirsutus
• Phragmites hispanicus
• Phragmites humilis
• Phragmites communis var. longivalvis
• Phragmites communis var. marsillianus
• Phragmites emodi
• Phragmites filiformis
• Phragmites fissifolius
• Arundo phragmites
• Arundo phragmites f. salsa
• Phragmites flexuosus
• Phragmites frutescens
• Phragmites dioicus
• Phragmites distichus
• Phragmites communis var. stenophyllus
• Phragmites communis var. striatopictus
• Phragmites communis var. turkestanicus
• Arundo aggerum
• Phragmites communis var. variegatus
• Phragmites communis f. repens
• Phragmites communis f. salsa
• Phragmites communis subsp. flavescens
• Phragmites communis var. hirsutus
• Phragmites communis f. coarctata
• Phragmites communis subsp. hispanicus
• Phragmites communis var. humilis
• Phragmites australis var. humilis
• Phragmites australis var. marsillianus
• Phragmites australis var. stenophyllus
• Phragmites australis var. turkestanicus
• Phragmites capensis
• Phragmites australis subsp. humilis
• Phragmites australis subsp. maritimus
• Phragmites communis var. uniflora

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Poales and family Poaceae, it is classified under the genus Phragmites. Specifically, it is identified as the subspecies australis within the species Phragmites australis.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a widespread presence across several regions within Northern Europe. Specifically, its distribution can be traced through the coastal and wetland areas of Denmark. It is also found extensively throughout the landscapes of Finland and Norway. Furthermore, the species is well-established across the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. These locations highlight the plant's ability to thrive in the temperate climates of the northern reaches of the continent.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Plant Parts

Phragmites australis subsp. australis has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include rhizome.

Rhizome

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Chemicals

Phragmites australis subsp. australis has 40 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Sterols, 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, Ash, BETA-SITOSTEROL, Bufotenidine.

Sterols

1. Fitoterapia
2. Annales pharmaceutiques francaises

5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine

1. Dr. Duke

Ash

1. Dr. Duke

BETA-SITOSTEROL

1. Dr. Duke

Bufotenidine

1. Dr. Duke

Bufotenine

1. Dr. Duke

CALCIUM

1. Dr. Duke

CAMPESTEROL

1. Dr. Duke

Dehydrobufotenine

1. Dr. Duke

Donaxaridine

1. Dr. Duke

Activities

Phragmites australis subsp. australis has 141 reported activities identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Acetylcholinergic, Allelopathic, Androgenic, Angiogenic, Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker.

Acetylcholinergic

1. Dr. Duke

Allelopathic

1. Dr. Duke

Androgenic

1. Dr. Duke

Angiogenic

1. Dr. Duke

Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker

1. Dr. Duke

Anorexic

1. Dr. Duke

AntiEBV

1. Dr. Duke

AntiHIV

1. Dr. Duke

AntiPMS

1. Dr. Duke

Antiadenomic

1. Dr. Duke

Preparations