What to know about Philadelphus coronarius (mock orange) before using it medicinally

Philadelphus coronarius, commonly known as mock orange, is a herb that has been revered for its impressive array of health benefits, particularly in its ability to soothe digestive issues and alleviate stress.

As a low-maintenance and adaptable plant, it is a favorite among gardeners, thriving in a variety of conditions and requiring minimal care. Botanically, Philadelphus coronarius is characterized by its fragrant white flowers and glossy dark green leaves, which are rich in antioxidants and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties.

Historically, this herb has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, with references dating back to ancient Greece and Rome, where it was prized for its medicinal and culinary uses.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Philadelphus coronarius.

What are the medicinal properties of Philadelphus coronarius?

Philadelphus coronarius helps with anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness due to its sedative and antispasmodic properties. It has been used in traditional medicine to calm the nervous system and promote relaxation. Its flowers have a calming effect on the mind.

The active constituents of Philadelphus coronarius include flavonoids, terpenes, and phenolic acids, which are responsible for its medicinal properties. These compounds have been shown to have antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. They help to relax muscles and reduce inflammation.

The parts of the plant most used for medicinal purposes are the flowers, leaves, and bark. The flowers are used to make teas, infusions, and tinctures, while the leaves and bark are used to make infusions and decoctions. The flowers are rich in flavonoids and terpenes, which are responsible for their sedative effects.

Improper use of Philadelphus coronarius can lead to drowsiness, dizziness, and stomach upset. Prolonged use can cause dependence and addiction. The plant can also interact with certain medications, such as sedatives, antidepressants, and blood thinners, which can increase the risk of adverse effects.

Precautions when using Philadelphus coronarius medicinally include consulting with a healthcare professional before use, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding women, and individuals with liver or kidney disease. The plant should be used in moderation and under the guidance of a qualified practitioner to avoid adverse effects.

What are the horticulural aspects of Philadelphus coronarius?

Philadelphus coronarius grow best in full sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.0. They prefer a fertile soil with a mix of organic matter and a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH.

Planting tips for Philadelphus coronarius include selecting a location with good air circulation and a spot that provides protection from wind and extreme temperatures. Dig a hole twice as wide and as deep as the root ball, and add organic matter to improve soil fertility and drainage. Water thoroughly after planting.

Harvesting mock orange flowers typically occurs in late spring to early summer, when the flowers have fully bloomed and are fragrant. The flowers can be used fresh in arrangements or dried for later use. Cut the stems at an angle, and remove lower leaves to prevent water from collecting in the stem.

Philadelphus coronarius is susceptible to pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites, which can be managed with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Fungal diseases like powdery mildew and root rot can be controlled with fungicides and good air circulation. Regular pruning and watering practices can also help prevent disease.

What are the botanical aspects of Philadelphus coronarius?

Philadelphus coronarius is a deciduous shrub that typically grows to 2-4 meters in height and 1-2 meters in width, with an oval or rounded crown and a straight or slightly curved stem. The bark is grey-brown and smooth. The leaves are simple, alternate, and lanceolate.

The taxonomical classification of Philadelphus coronarius is as follows: kingdom Plantae, clade Angiosperms, clade Eudicots, clade Asterids, order Ericales, family Hydrangeaceae, genus Philadelphus, species P. coronarius.

Philadelphus coronarius has several variants, including 'Aureus', which has golden foliage, 'Variegatus', which has variegated foliage, and 'Compactus', which is a compact cultivar. These variants are often used in landscaping and gardening.

Philadelphus coronarius is native to southern Europe, western Asia, and North Africa. It has been naturalized in parts of North America, particularly in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. It is commonly found in woodlands, hedgerows, and rocky slopes.

The life cycle of Philadelphus coronarius involves a dormant period in winter, during which the plant's growth is suspended. In spring, new shoots emerge from the lateral buds, followed by leaf growth and flowering in late spring to early summer. The flowers are followed by seed production, which occurs in late summer to early autumn.

What are the historical aspects of Philadelphus coronarius?

Philadelphus coronarius is a plant with a long history of use in perfumery, medicine, and cooking. Ancient Greeks and Romans used its flowers to scent their homes and public baths. In the Middle Ages, its roots were used as a treatment for fever.

In Greek mythology, Philadelphus coronarius was associated with the goddess Aphrodite, who was said to have been born from its fragrance. In some mythologies, the plant was also linked to the story of Paris and Helen. The plant's beauty and intoxicating scent were often praised in ancient literature.

In the language of flowers, Philadelphus coronarius symbolizes modesty, innocence, and humility. Its fragrance was often used to express deep emotions and romantic feelings. In Victorian England, the plant was often used in bouquets to convey secret love messages.

The ancient Greek physician Dioscorides described the plant's medicinal properties in his book "De Materia Medica". In the 16th century, the German botanist Leonhart Fuchs wrote about its use in perfumery and medicine. The plant's properties were also described by the French botanist Charles Plumier.

Historical artifacts of Philadelphus coronarius include ancient Greek and Roman vases decorated with its flowers, as well as 18th-century perfume bottles containing its essence. The plant's beauty and fragrance have been immortalized in art and literature for centuries.