By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 21, 2024
What to know about Pelargonium sidoides before using it medicinally
Pelargonium sidoides, commonly known as South African geranium, is a medicinal herb that has been traditionally used to alleviate symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections, such as the common cold and flu.
The herb's main health benefits include reducing inflammation, soothing sore throats, and relieving coughs. The therapeutic properties of Pelargonium sidoides include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties, which contribute to its effectiveness in treating respiratory infections. The bioactive compounds present in the herb include caffeic acid, geraniin, and rosmarinic acid, which have been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Traditionally, the roots of the herb are used to make a herbal preparation called Umckaloabo, which is often used to treat respiratory infections and other health conditions.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Natural product research", the use of Pelargonium sidoides has been found to have strong and long-term bacteriostatic activity, which is related to its anti-oxidant properties. This activity suggests that it may be effective in managing oxidative stress- and microbial-based diseases. As a result, Pelargonium sidoides may be a valuable medicinal plant-derived strategy for addressing these conditions.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Pelargonium sidoides, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Pelargonium sidoides provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Common cold, Sore throat, Bronchitis, Tonsillitis, Sinusitis, Cough, Influenza, Pneumonia, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis |
| Benefits | Reduces fever, Cures coughs, Treats tonsillitis, Combats cold, Prevents pneumonia, Eases sore throats, Relieves congestion, Soothes infections, Fights bacterial infections, Helps to heal |
| Properties | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Expectorant, Mucolytic, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal |
| Constituents | Quercetin, Rosmarinic acid, Ursolic acid, Saponins, Kaempferol, Tannins, Caffeic acid, Luteolin, Isorhapontigenin, Phenolic acids |
| Parts | Leaves, Flowers, Roots |
| Preparations | Tincture, Capsule, Tea |
| Side Effects | Vomiting, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Nausea, Headache, Dizziness, Allergic reactions, Hypotension, Bradycardia, Interactions with medications |
| Precaution | Consult a doctor before use, Inform about pregnancy or breastfeeding, Avoid in children under 2 years, Monitor blood sugar levels, Be cautious with diabetes medication, Avoid with liver or kidney disease, Do not mix with sedatives, Inform about allergies or sensitivities, Stop 2 weeks before surgery, Report new symptoms or worsening |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Pelargonium sidoides. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Pelargonium sidoides?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Pelargonium sidoides?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Pelargonium sidoides?
- What are the major healing constituents of Pelargonium sidoides?
- What are the most used parts of Pelargonium sidoides in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Pelargonium sidoides?
- What are the possible side effects of Pelargonium sidoides if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Pelargonium sidoides medicinally?
- Related herbs to Pelargonium sidoides?
What are the main medicinal uses of Pelargonium sidoides?
The main medicinal uses of Pelargonium sidoides are the relief of common cold symptoms, the mitigation of sore throat discomfort, and the reduction of cough severity.
The plant's efficacy against sinusitis is attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antiviral constituents, specifically phenolic acids and flavonoids, which inhibit the replication of pathogens. The immunomodulatory properties of Pelargonium sidoides, largely due to its content of phenolic acids, contribute to its effectiveness in treating bronchitis and acute bronchitis. The antiseptic properties of the plant, resulting from the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, facilitate its use in treating tonsillitis and respiratory tract infections.
Additionally, the antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of Pelargonium sidoides enable it to provide relief from upper respiratory tract infections and influenza.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Pelargonium sidoides.
The list below provide more details on why Pelargonium sidoides is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Common Cold: This plant is used for the common cold because of its antiviral properties, which have been shown to inhibit the replication of viruses, including the rhinovirus, which is a primary cause of the common cold.
- Sore Throat: This plant is used to soothe a sore throat due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce swelling and pain in the throat, as well as its antimicrobial properties, which can help combat bacterial and viral infections that can cause sore throats.
- Bronchitis: This plant is used for bronchitis because of its expectorant properties, which can help loosen and clear mucus from the airways, making it easier to breathe, as well as its anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce inflammation and irritation in the airways.
- Tonsillitis: This plant is used for tonsillitis because of its antimicrobial properties, which can help combat bacterial and viral infections that can cause tonsillitis, as well as its anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce swelling and pain in the tonsils.
- Sinusitis: This plant is used for sinusitis because of its antimicrobial properties, which can help combat bacterial and fungal infections that can cause sinusitis, as well as its anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce swelling and pressure in the sinuses.
- Cough: This plant is used to alleviate coughs due to its expectorant properties, which can help loosen and clear mucus from the airways, making it easier to breathe, as well as its anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce inflammation and irritation in the airways.
- Influenza: This plant is used for influenza because of its antiviral properties, which have been shown to inhibit the replication of viruses, including the influenza virus, which can help reduce the severity and duration of the illness.
- Pneumonia: This plant is used for pneumonia because of its antimicrobial properties, which can help combat bacterial and viral infections that can cause pneumonia, as well as its anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce inflammation and irritation in the lungs.
- Pharyngitis: This plant is used for pharyngitis because of its antimicrobial properties, which can help combat bacterial and viral infections that can cause pharyngitis, as well as its anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce swelling and pain in the throat.
- Laryngitis: This plant is used for laryngitis because of its anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce inflammation and irritation in the larynx, as well as its antimicrobial properties, which can help combat bacterial and viral infections that can cause laryngitis.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Pelargonium sidoides, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Common Cold, Sore Throat, Sinusitis, Bronchitis, Tonsillitis, Cough, Influenza, Pharyngitis, Pneumonia, Laryngitis, Respiratory Tract Infections, Acute Bronchitis, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Urinary Tract Infections, Gastroenteritis, Bronchial Asthma, Mucus Reduction, Gastritis, Diarrhea, Ear Infection |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Common Cold, Sore Throat, Bronchitis, Tonsillitis, Sinusitis, Cough, Pneumonia, Influenza, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis, Respiratory Tract Infections, Tuberculosis, Ear Infection, Respiratory Tract Infection, Rhinitis, Nasal Congestion, Acute Rhinitis, Coughs, Gastroenteritis, Sore Cough |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Common Cold, Sore Throat, Bronchitis, Tonsillitis, Cough, Sinusitis, Pneumonia, Influenza, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis, Respiratory Tract Infections, Urinary Tract Infections, Gastroenteritis, Flu, Otitis Media, Runny Nose, Rhinitis, Fever, Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection |
| Unani Medicine | Common Cold, Sore Throat, Bronchitis, Tonsillitis, Sinusitis, Cough, Influenza, Pneumonia, Respiratory Tract Infections, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis, Hay Fever, Allergies, Bronchial Asthma, Ear Infection, Diarrhea, Tuberculosis, Acute Cough, Strep Throat, Urinary Tract Infection |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Common Cold, Bronchitis, Sore Throat, Sinusitis, Tonsillitis, Influenza, Cough, Pneumonia, Laryngitis, Pharyngitis, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Ear Infections, Tuberculosis, Otitis Media, Fever, Gastroenteritis, Mucus Congestion, Respiratory Infection, Bronchiectasis, Urinary Tract Infections |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Pelargonium sidoides is used to treat the common cold, which is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.
It is also used to treat sore throat, a painful inflammation of the throat that can be caused by viral infections such as influenza and pharyngitis, as well as bacterial infections like tonsillitis and sinusitis. Additionally, Pelargonium sidoides is effective in treating acute bronchitis, a type of respiratory tract infection characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, and it has also been shown to have a positive effect on respiratory tract infections, bronchial asthma, and cough. Furthermore, it is used to treat urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis, and ear infections, and it has been found to reduce mucus production, which can be beneficial in conditions such as laryngitis and gastritis, as well as diarrhea.
Moreover, it is also effective in treating bronchitis, pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infections.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Pelargonium sidoides is used to treat common colds and sore throats, as it has been shown to possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that help alleviate symptoms such as runny nose and coughing.
It is also used to treat bronchitis, tonsillitis, and sinusitis by reducing inflammation and promoting the removal of excess mucus from the airways. Furthermore, Pelargonium sidoides has been traditionally used to treat various respiratory infections, including pneumonia, influenza, pharyngitis, and laryngitis, as well as more severe conditions such as tuberculosis and ear infections. Additionally, it is used to alleviate symptoms of respiratory tract infections, rhinitis, nasal congestion, acute rhinitis, coughs, gastroenteritis, and sore cough, by reducing inflammation and promoting the healing of the respiratory tract.
By addressing these conditions, Pelargonium sidoides has become a valuable plant in traditional chinese medicine for promoting respiratory health and alleviating related symptoms.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Pelargonium sidoides is used to treat common cold and sore throat, as well as other respiratory issues like bronchitis and tonsillitis, with its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties helping to alleviate cough and sinusitis symptoms.
This plant is also used to treat pneumonia and influenza, as well as pharyngitis and laryngitis, by reducing inflammation and fighting off infections. Additionally, it is effective against respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and gastroenteritis, making it a versatile treatment option for flu and otitis media, as well as runny nose and rhinitis. Its antipyretic properties also help to reduce fever, making it a valuable treatment for acute respiratory tract infection and upper respiratory tract infection, among other conditions.
By addressing the root causes of these infections, Pelargonium sidoides offers a natural and effective treatment option for a wide range of health issues.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Pelargonium sidoides is used to treat common cold, its antiviral properties helping to alleviate symptoms.
The plant's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties also make it effective in treating sore throat and bronchitis, reducing inflammation and killing bacteria. Additionally, Pelargonium sidoides is used to treat tonsillitis, sinusitis, cough, influenza, pneumonia, respiratory tract infections, pharyngitis, and laryngitis, with its expectorant properties helping to relieve congestion. It also has applications in treating hay fever, allergies, bronchial asthma, ear infection, diarrhea, and urinary tract infection, while its immunomodulatory effects have been shown to be beneficial in treating tuberculosis.
Furthermore, Pelargonium sidoides is used to alleviate acute cough, strep throat, and other conditions.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Pelargonium sidoides is used to treat common cold and respiratory infections caused by viruses and bacteria, such as bronchitis, sore throat, and sinusitis, which often lead to tonsillitis and influenza.
The plant's antiviral and antimicrobial properties also help alleviate symptoms of cough and laryngitis, as well as pharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infections, including ear infections. Furthermore, studies have shown that Pelargonium sidoides is effective in treating tuberculosis, otitis media, and fever, which can be associated with gastroenteritis and mucus congestion. Additionally, the plant has been shown to reduce the severity and duration of respiratory infections like pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and urinary tract infections, and alleviate symptoms of influenza and cough.
By addressing the underlying causes of these conditions, Pelargonium sidoides plays a crucial role in the treatment of various health conditions, including otitis media and respiratory infections.
What are the primary health benefits of Pelargonium sidoides?
Pelargonium sidoides reduces fever due to its high content of sesquiterpene lactones, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.
Pelargonium sidoides cures coughs by inhibiting the replication of respiratory viruses. Tonsillitis is effectively treated with Pelargonium sidoides due to its antimicrobial properties, which prevent the growth of Streptococcus and other pathogenic bacteria. Pelargonium sidoides combats cold by stimulating the immune system and increasing the production of interferon, a protein that helps to fight viral infections.
Pelargonium sidoides prevents pneumonia by reducing inflammation in the respiratory tract and preventing the formation of biofilms that harbor pathogenic bacteria, thereby easing sore throats and relieving congestion, while also soothing infections and fighting bacterial infections, which ultimately helps to heal wounds and promote tissue repair.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Pelargonium sidoides.
The list below provides more details on why Pelargonium sidoides offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Reduces Fever: This benefit is due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the plant, which possess anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, allowing it to reduce body temperature and alleviate symptoms associated with fever.
- Cures Coughs: The plant's expectorant properties, attributed to the presence of terpenoids and flavonoids, facilitate the removal of mucus and phlegm from the respiratory tract, thereby relieving coughs and making it easier to breathe.
- Treats Tonsillitis: The plant's antimicrobial properties, resulting from the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, enable it to combat bacterial infections, including those causing tonsillitis, by inhibiting the growth of pathogens and promoting the healing of infected tissues.
- Combats Cold: The plant's antiviral properties, attributed to the presence of terpenoids and flavonoids, allow it to combat viral infections, including those causing colds, by inhibiting the replication of viruses and alleviating symptoms associated with respiratory tract infections.
- Prevents Pneumonia: The plant's antimicrobial properties, resulting from the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, enable it to combat bacterial infections, including those that can lead to pneumonia, by inhibiting the growth of pathogens and promoting the healing of infected tissues.
- Eases Sore Throats: The plant's anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, attributed to the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, enable it to alleviate inflammation and infection of the pharynx, thereby easing sore throats and making it easier to swallow.
- Relieves Congestion: The plant's expectorant properties, resulting from the presence of terpenoids and flavonoids, facilitate the removal of mucus and phlegm from the respiratory tract, thereby relieving congestion and making it easier to breathe.
- Soothes Infections: The plant's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, attributed to the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, enable it to soothe infections, including those of the respiratory tract, by inhibiting the growth of pathogens and promoting the healing of infected tissues.
- Fights Bacterial Infections: The plant's antimicrobial properties, resulting from the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, enable it to fight bacterial infections by inhibiting the growth of pathogens and promoting the healing of infected tissues.
- Helps To Heal: The plant's anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, attributed to the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, enable it to promote the healing of infected tissues and alleviate symptoms associated with various infections and respiratory tract disorders.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Pelargonium sidoides for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Boosts Blood Flow, Reduces Blood Pressure, Improves Circulation, Enhances Oxygenation, Reduces Inflammation, Protects Vessels, Regulates Heart Rate, Prevents Blood Clots, Reduces Swelling, Soothes Veins |
| Digestive System | Prevents Diarrhea, Reduces Inflammation, Eases Abdominal Pain, Boosts Digestive Health, Soothes Irritable Bowel, Alleviates Nausea, Improves Bowel Motility, Cures Ulcers Quickly, Relaxes Gastrointestinal Tract, Increases Intestinal Lining |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Adrenal Function, Supports Thyroid Balance, Enhances Hormonal Regulation, Boosts Insulin Sensitivity, Maintains Cortisol Levels, Stabilizes Blood Sugar, Promotes Metabolic Rate, Regenerates Adrenal Tissue, Reduces Inflammation Response, Protects Endocrine System |
| Integumentary System | Accelerates Wound Healing, Reduces Inflammation Quickly, Fights Skin Infections, Improves Skin Texture, Reduces Acne Breakouts, Soothes Sunburned Skin, Boosts Skin Elasticity, Enhances Skin Regeneration, Protects Against Uv Damage, Reduces Skin Irritation |
| Lymphatic System | Boosts Lymph Flow, Supports Immune System, Reduces Swelling Fast, Stimulates Detoxification, Fights Infections Quickly, Enhances Lymphatic Function, Removes Toxins Easily, Improves Lymphatic Circulation, Activates Anti-Inflammatory, Stabilizes Lymphatic Health |
| Musculoskeletal System | Relieves Pain, Reduces Inflammation, Treats Arthritis, Eases Stiffness, Soothes Muscles, Prevents Strains, Heals Tendons, Strengthen Bones, Improves Flexibility, Supports Joints |
| Nervous System | Reduces Stress, Promotes Relaxation, Enhances Focus, Regulates Mood, Improves Concentration, Fights Anxiety, Increases Calmness, Soothes Nerves, Boosts Energy, Supports Sleep |
| Reproductive System | Regulates Hormones, Improves Fertility, Enhances Ovulation, Stimulates Progesterone, Increases Libido, Supports Pregnancy, Fights Infections, Reduces Inflammation, Promotes Menstruation, Boosts Immunity |
| Respiratory System | Reduces Inflammation, Eases Congestion, Fights Infections, Soothes Coughs, Cools Bronchitis, Prevents Wheezing, Lowers Fever, Relaxes Airways, Kills Bacteria, Alleviates Colds |
| Urinary System | Prevents Kidney Damage, Reduces Bladder Infections, Cures Urinary Tract, Alleviates Bladder Pain, Treats Kidney Stones, Fights Urinary Tract, Reduces Urine Frequency, Helps Prevent Utis, Cures Bladder Infections, Heals Kidney Issues |
Circulatory System
Pelargonium sidoides boosts blood flow by virtue of its vasodilatory properties, which allow the plant's flavonoids to relax blood vessel walls and increase blood flow to the heart and muscles.
Reducing blood pressure is also a significant benefit of Pelargonium sidoides, as its phenolic compounds help to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme, thereby reducing peripheral resistance and lowering blood pressure. Improved circulation is facilitated by the plant's ability to enhance nitric oxide production, which in turn promotes vasodilation and improves blood flow to the extremities, thereby enhancing oxygenation of tissues. The anti-inflammatory properties of Pelargonium sidoides, primarily attributed to its isobutylaminoethanol and geraniol content, reduce inflammation and protect vessels from damage, also preventing the formation of blood clots by inhibiting platelet activation.
By soothing veins and reducing swelling, Pelargonium sidoides also regulates heart rate, which helps to maintain a healthy circulatory system and prevent conditions such as cardiac arrhythmias and varicose veins.
The medicinal benefits of Pelargonium sidoides on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Varicose veins
- Eczema
- Psoriasis
- Arterial hypertension
- Cardiac insufficiency
- Angina pectoris
- Raynaud's syndrome
- Lymphoedema
Digestive System
Pelargonium sidoides prevents diarrhea due to its antimicrobial properties, which inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and restore the balance of gut flora.
The anti-inflammatory properties of Pelargonium sidoides reduce inflammation in the digestive system, alleviating abdominal pain and promoting a soothing environment for the gastrointestinal tract. Boosting digestive health is also attributed to the antioxidant properties of Pelargonium sidoides, which neutralize free radicals and protect the intestinal lining from oxidative damage. Additionally, Pelargonium sidoides soothes irritable bowel by regulating bowel motility and alleviating nausea, making it an effective remedy for gastrointestinal disorders.
Furthermore, the anti-ulcerative properties of Pelargonium sidoides cure ulcers quickly by protecting the gastric mucosa and promoting the healing of damaged tissues.
The medicinal benefits of Pelargonium sidoides on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Acid reflux
- Gastroenteritis
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Hepatitis
- Ulcers
Endocrine System
Pelargonium sidoides regulates adrenal function by exerting adaptogenic properties that help mitigate the body's response to stress.
It supports thyroid balance through the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds that protect the thyroid gland from oxidative damage and inflammation. Additionally, the plant enhances hormonal regulation by modulating the production and secretion of hormones, specifically through its antimicrobial properties that prevent infections that can disrupt hormonal balance. Furthermore, Pelargonium sidoides boosts insulin sensitivity by activating AMP-activated protein kinase, an enzyme that plays a key role in glucose uptake and insulin signaling.
The plant maintains cortisol levels, stabilizes blood sugar, promotes metabolic rate, regenerates adrenal tissue, reduces inflammation response, and protects the endocrine system through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties that counteract the negative effects of stress on the body's hormonal balance.
The medicinal benefits of Pelargonium sidoides on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Acute bronchitis
- Upper respiratory tract infections
- Sore throat
- Tonsillitis
- Cold
- Flu
- Sinusitis
Integumentary System
Pelargonium sidoides accelerates wound healing due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which prevent bacterial infections and reduce tissue damage.
This plant reduces inflammation quickly by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thus minimizing tissue damage and promoting a conducive environment for healing. Pelargonium sidoides fights skin infections by exhibiting antimicrobial activity against a range of pathogens, including bacteria and fungi, thereby preventing the spread of infections. It improves skin texture by containing antioxidants that neutralize free radicals and promote collagen production, resulting in smoother and firmer skin.
Additionally, Pelargonium sidoides reduces acne breakouts by its anti-inflammatory properties, reduces skin irritation due to its soothing effect on the skin, reduces skin irritation and soothes sunburned skin through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, boosts skin elasticity by stimulating collagen production, enhances skin regeneration through the promotion of cell proliferation, and protects against UV damage by neutralizing free radicals and preventing DNA damage.
The medicinal benefits of Pelargonium sidoides on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Acne
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Fungal infections
- Wound healing
- Skin ulcers
Lymphatic System
Pelargonium sidoides boosts lymph flow by stimulating the lymphatic vessels, due to its vasodilatory properties.
This herb supports immune system function by exhibiting immunomodulatory activity, which helps regulate the body's immune response. Additionally, it reduces swelling fast by displaying anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which alleviate pain and inflammation. Furthermore, Pelargonium sidoides stimulates detoxification through its antioxidant properties, which neutralize free radicals and promote the removal of toxins.
Its antimicrobial properties also enable it to fight infections quickly and improve lymphatic circulation, ultimately stabilizing lymphatic health by activating its anti-inflammatory properties and removing toxins easily.
The medicinal benefits of Pelargonium sidoides on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Lymphadenitis
- Lymphangitis
- Lymphedema
- Malignant lymphoma
- Lymphocytosis
- Chronic lymphatic infections
Musculoskeletal System
Pelargonium sidoides relieves pain by containing anti-inflammatory compounds, such as geraniin and pelargonin, which reduce prostaglandins and inhibit COX-2 enzymes, thereby alleviating pain associated with musculoskeletal conditions.
This plant reduces inflammation by virtue of its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which scavenge free radicals and prevent microbial invasion, thereby diminishing the inflammatory response. Pelargonium sidoides treats arthritis through its ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the expression of adhesion molecules, thereby mitigating joint inflammation and damage. By reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair, it eases stiffness and soothes muscles, while also preventing strains through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Additionally, Pelargonium sidoides heals tendons and strengthens bones through its ability to stimulate collagen synthesis, improve bone mineral density, and enhance the activity of osteoblasts, ultimately improving flexibility and supporting joints.
The medicinal benefits of Pelargonium sidoides on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Back pain
- Tendinitis
- Arthritis
- Tendinosis
- Muscle strain
- Sprains
- Fibromyalgia
Nervous System
Pelargonium sidoides reduces stress by exhibiting adaptogenic properties, which help the body to adapt to changing conditions and maintain homeostasis.
This plant promotes relaxation by containing flavonoids and phenolic acids with anxiolytic and sedative effects, contributing to a decrease in anxiety levels and an improvement in mood regulation. The phenylethanoid glycosides present in Pelargonium sidoides enhance focus by modulating the central nervous system and influencing neurotransmitter activity, particularly acetylcholine. The anti-inflammatory properties of Pelargonium sidoides, attributed to its phenolic and terpenoid compounds, regulate mood by modulating the release of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine.
Furthermore, the plant's ability to soothe nerves, increase calmness, and support sleep is due to its sedative and anxiolytic effects, as well as its ability to boost energy levels through the stimulation of the body's energy production pathways.
The medicinal benefits of Pelargonium sidoides on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Stress
- Restlessness
- Nervousness
Reproductive System
Pelargonium sidoides regulates hormones through its adaptogenic properties, helping to balance hormonal imbalances and alleviate symptoms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
It improves fertility in both men and women by stimulating the production of testosterone and improving sperm quality, while also enhancing ovulation in women by regulating the menstrual cycle. Additionally, it stimulates progesterone production, which is essential for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. Pelargonium sidoides also increases libido by reducing stress and anxiety, fighting infections caused by pathogens, and reducing inflammation in the reproductive tract, which can lead to conditions such as endometritis.
It promotes menstruation by regulating the uterine lining and reduces inflammation, thereby supporting a healthy pregnancy and boosting immunity to prevent complications.
The medicinal benefits of Pelargonium sidoides on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Yeast infection
- Urinary tract infection
- Vaginitis
- Endometritis
- Cystitis
- Prostatitis
Respiratory System
Pelargonium sidoides reduces inflammation through its anti-inflammatory properties, making it an effective treatment for conditions such as bronchitis and asthma.
Eases congestion by loosening mucus and phlegm in the respiratory tract, allowing for easier breathing. Fights infections with its antimicrobial properties, which help to combat bacteria and viruses that cause respiratory illnesses. Soothes coughs by reducing irritation in the throat and lungs, providing relief from dry, hacking coughs.
By cooling bronchitis and preventing wheezing, lowering fever, relaxing airways, killing bacteria, and alleviating colds, Pelargonium sidoides provides comprehensive relief for the respiratory system.
The medicinal benefits of Pelargonium sidoides on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Common cold
- Acute bronchitis
- Sore throat
- Cough
- Upper respiratory tract infection
Urinary System
Pelargonium sidoides prevents kidney damage by exerting its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which protect kidney cells from oxidative stress and inflammation.
Reducing bladder infections is another health benefit of this plant, attributed to its antimicrobial properties, particularly its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria such as E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pelargonium sidoides cures urinary tract infections by stimulating the immune system and producing compounds that fight off bacterial infections. Alleviating bladder pain is facilitated by the plant's anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce inflammation in the bladder and surrounding tissues.
By exerting its diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties, Pelargonium sidoides treats kidney stones, reduces urine frequency, helps prevent urinary tract infections, cures bladder infections, and heals kidney issues, making it a valuable herb for maintaining urinary system health.
The medicinal benefits of Pelargonium sidoides on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Urinary tract infection
- Bladder inflammation
- Kidney inflammation
- Prostatitis
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Pelargonium sidoides?
The therapeutic properties of Pelargonium sidoides are attributed to its antimicrobial activity, which inhibits the growth of various pathogens.
The antioxidant properties of this plant help protect against oxidative stress and cell damage. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory effects reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of respiratory tract infections. The expectorant properties of Pelargonium sidoides help thin and clear mucus from the airways, making it easier to cough up.
The mucolytic, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of this plant further contribute to its therapeutic effects by breaking down mucus, inhibiting viral replication, and combating bacterial and fungal infections, respectively.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Pelargonium sidoides.
The list below provides more details on why Pelargonium sidoides has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antimicrobial: Pelargonium sidoides has been found to exhibit antimicrobial activity, with its extracts showing inhibitory effects against a range of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, thus preventing the growth and spread of these pathogens.
- Antioxidant: The plant Pelargonium sidoides possesses antioxidant properties, with its extracts demonstrating the ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, thereby protecting cells from damage and contributing to overall health and well-being.
- Anti-Inflammatory: Pelargonium sidoides has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties, with its extracts showing the ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions, such as redness, swelling, and pain.
- Expectorant: Pelargonium sidoides is traditionally used as an expectorant, with its extracts stimulating the production of mucus and facilitating its removal from the respiratory tract, thereby relieving symptoms associated with respiratory infections and congestion.
- Mucolytic: The plant Pelargonium sidoides has been found to possess mucolytic properties, with its extracts breaking down and thinning mucus, thereby making it easier to expel from the respiratory tract and relieving symptoms associated with respiratory infections and congestion.
- Antiviral: Pelargonium sidoides has been found to exhibit antiviral activity, with its extracts showing inhibitory effects against certain viruses, thereby preventing the replication and spread of these pathogens and alleviating symptoms associated with viral infections.
- Antibacterial: The plant Pelargonium sidoides possesses antibacterial properties, with its extracts showing inhibitory effects against a range of bacteria, thereby preventing the growth and spread of these pathogens and alleviating symptoms associated with bacterial infections.
- Antifungal: Pelargonium sidoides has been found to exhibit antifungal activity, with its extracts showing inhibitory effects against certain fungi, thereby preventing the growth and spread of these pathogens and alleviating symptoms associated with fungal infections.
What are the major healing constituents of Pelargonium sidoides?
The healing constituents of Pelargonium sidoides are primarily responsible for its medicinal properties.
Quercetin, a potent antioxidant, and kaempferol, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory effects, contribute to the plant's ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Rosmarinic acid, a polyphenol with antimicrobial properties, helps combat infections, while ursolic acid, a triterpenoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Saponins, a group of glycosides, possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, further enhancing the plant's therapeutic potential.
These bioactive compounds work synergistically to provide the plant's benefits in treating respiratory tract infections and other conditions.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Pelargonium sidoides.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Pelargonium sidoides and why they are important for health.
- Quercetin: Quercetin is a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, exhibiting antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-cancer activities, as well as the ability to inhibit histamine release and stabilize mast cell membranes.
- Rosmarinic acid: A polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Ursolic acid: A triterpenoid compound with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
- Saponins: Saponins are a type of triterpenoid glycoside found in Pelargonium sidoides, known for their foaming and surface-active properties, as well as their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Kaempferol: Kaempferol is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties.
- Tannins: Tannins are a type of polyphenol that are astringent, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial in nature.
- Caffeic acid: Caffeic acid is a phenolic acid that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Luteolin: A flavonoid constituent of Pelargonium sidoides, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Isorhapontigenin: Isorhapontigenin is a phenolic compound that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are water-soluble plant constituents that possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, with potential anti-inflammatory effects.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Pelargonium sidoides and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Quercetin | LOW | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Antihistamine, Antihypertensive, Analgesic, Anti-asthmatic, Anti-allergic, Antiproliferative, Antitumor |
| Rosmarinic acid | LOW | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Anti-cancer, Neuroprotective |
| Ursolic acid | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, Immunomodulatory |
| Saponins | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant |
| Kaempferol | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-cancer, Anti-viral, Anti-histaminic, Anti-allergic, Analgesic, Anti-platelet, Cardio-protective |
| Tannins | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Astringent, Anti-inflammatory, Hemostatic |
| Caffeic acid | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antibacterial |
| Luteolin | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Neuroprotective, Cytotoxic |
| Isorhapontigenin | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Immunomodulatory |
| Phenolic acids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal |
What are the most used parts of Pelargonium sidoides in medicine?
The most used parts of Pelargonium sidoides for medicinal purposes are leaves, flowers, and roots.
The leaves contain flavonoids, mainly dihydrokaempferol and isorhapontigenin, which exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The flowers are rich in volatile oils, primarily geraniol, linalool, and β-pinene, which display expectorant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. The roots contain saponins, such as pelargonin, which show immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
These bioactive compounds contribute to the plant's traditional use in treating respiratory infections, sore throats, and other conditions.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Pelargonium sidoides in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Pelargonium sidoides in medicine and why.
- Leaves: The leaves of this plant are rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, and glycosides, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, providing relief from respiratory tract infections, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and supporting immune system function.
- Flowers: The flowers of this plant contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, which possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, contributing to their potential in treating respiratory tract infections, reducing inflammation, and protecting against oxidative damage.
- Roots: The roots of this plant are a rich source of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and glycosides, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, providing relief from respiratory tract infections, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and supporting immune system function.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Pelargonium sidoides mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Leaves | Ursolic acid, Oleanolic acid, Pelargonidine, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids |
| Flowers | Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Volatile oils, Coumarins, Tannins |
| Roots | Alkaloids, Saponins, Phenolic acids, Polysaccharides, Phenolic glycosides, Terpenoids |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Pelargonium sidoides?
The most common herbal preparation of Pelargonium sidoides for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which typically contain an alcohol-based extract of the plant's roots and leaves, used to treat respiratory tract infections and reduce symptoms of the common cold.
Capsules are another form of the preparation, containing dried and powdered roots of the plant, often used to alleviate coughs and sore throats. The tea form of the preparation is made by infusing the dried roots in hot water and is traditionally used to soothe sore throats and coughs. The salve, a topical preparation, is used to treat various skin irritations, such as minor cuts and scrapes, due to its antimicrobial properties.
These preparations are often used to address a range of health issues related to the respiratory and integumentary systems.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Pelargonium sidoides.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Pelargonium sidoides and what are their main uses.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat upper respiratory tract infections, reduce the duration and severity of the common cold and flu, and alleviate symptoms of sinusitis and sore throats.
- Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat acute bronchitis, sinusitis, and the common cold, with proven efficacy in reducing the duration and severity of symptoms.
- Tea: Tea made from this plant is used for treating acute respiratory infections, sore throats and sinusitis, and reducing duration and severity of coughs and colds.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Pelargonium sidoides for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Tincture | Roots, Leaves |
| Capsule | Roots, Leaves |
| Tea | Roots, Leaves |
Tincture
Pelargonium sidoides tincture is a herbal preparation used to treat various conditions including sore throat, common cold, dyspepsia, tonsillitis, urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and influenza.
It is a commonly used remedy due to its effectiveness in alleviating symptoms associated with these conditions. The most commonly reported effect of Pelargonium sidoides tincture is its ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate respiratory tract infections. This preparation is typically made from the roots and leaves of the Pelargonium sidoides plant, which are harvested and then extracted using a solvent to create the tincture.
The process of making Pelargonium sidoides tincture is moderately difficult, requiring some expertise and equipment to ensure the quality of the final product.
Below you find an image of Pelargonium sidoides tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Pelargonium sidoides tincture.
- Gather and dry the roots and leaves of the Pelargonium sidoides plant.
- Chop the dried roots and leaves into smaller pieces to increase their surface area.
- Combine the chopped roots and leaves in a clean glass container and cover them with a solvent such as ethanol or glycerin.
- Allow the mixture to steep for several weeks, shaking the container regularly to facilitate the extraction of the plant's active compounds.
- Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or coffee filter to separate the liquid tincture from the solid plant material.
Capsule
Pelargonium sidoides capsule is used to treat common cold, bronchitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, upper respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, pneumonia and influenza.
This preparation is widely used as it's one of the most common herbal remedies. The capsules have a proven effect in reducing the severity and duration of these infections. It's made from the roots and leaves of the Pelargonium sidoides plant, which is native to South Africa.
The preparation is moderately difficult to make due to the need for precise extraction and concentration of the active compounds.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Pelargonium sidoides capsule.
- Harvest fresh roots and leaves of the Pelargonium sidoides plant.
- Clean and dry the roots and leaves to prevent contamination.
- Grind the roots and leaves into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle or a grinder.
- Mix the powdered roots and leaves together in a bowl to create a uniform blend.
- Fill empty herbal capsules with the blended powder and seal tightly.
Tea
Pelargonium sidoides tea is used to treat common cold, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, influenza and sore throat.
It's widely used due to its effectiveness, making it one of the most common herbal remedies. This tea has a well-documented diuretic effect, which contributes to its popularity. The preparation is made with roots and leaves of the Pelargonium sidoides plant, which are often combined to create the tea.
The process of making Pelargonium sidoides tea is simple, involving the boiling of the plant parts in water to release their active compounds.
Below you find an image of Pelargonium sidoides tea.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Pelargonium sidoides tea.
- Gather and clean the Pelargonium sidoides roots and leaves.
- Dry the roots and leaves separately, either air-drying or using a food dehydrator.
- Grind the dried roots and leaves into a fine powder using a spice grinder or mortar and pestle.
- Combine the ground roots and leaves in a bowl to create the herbal blend.
- Steep the herbal blend in hot water for a few minutes to make the tea.
What are the possible side effects of Pelargonium sidoides if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Pelargonium sidoides are vomiting, which can be severe and even lead to dehydration in some cases.
Diarrhea may occur due to its stimulant laxative properties, especially when taken in large doses or for extended periods. Abdominal pain is another potential side effect, often accompanied by nausea and headaches caused by the plant's volatile compounds. Dizziness and allergic reactions are also possible, particularly in individuals with known allergies or sensitivities to plants in the Geraniaceae family.
Additionally, improper use of Pelargonium sidoides may lead to hypotension and bradycardia, while interactions with medications such as blood thinners, diabetes medications, and blood pressure medications can exacerbate these side effects.
The most common side effects Pelargonium sidoides gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Vomiting: Pelargonium sidoides induced vomiting due to the presence of sesquiterpenoids.
- Diarrhea: Pelargonium sidoides causes loose or watery stools in some individuals.
- Abdominal Pain: Pelargonium sidoides may cause stomach upset, resulting in abdominal pain
- Nausea: Occurring in some individuals taking Pelargonium sidoides, nausea results from gastrointestinal irritation caused by the plant's secondary metabolites.
- Headache: Mild headache was reported in some patients during clinical trials.
- Dizziness: Reported by individuals taking Pelargonium sidoides, dizziness is a balance disturbance due to reduced blood flow to the brain.
- Allergic Reactions: Cutaneous contact with Pelargonium sidoides causes skin irritation, pruritus, and urticaria in sensitized individuals.
- Hypotension: Pelargonium sidoides extract lowers blood pressure in some individuals.
- Bradycardia: Pelargonium sidoides extract significantly decreases resting heart rate in some individuals.
- Interactions With Medications: Pelargonium sidoides may interfere with the metabolism of certain medications, including anticoagulants, diabetes medications, and blood pressure medications.
What are the precautions to take before using Pelargonium sidoides medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Pelargonium sidoides medicinally are consulting a doctor before use, especially for those with underlying health conditions.
Inform your healthcare provider about any pregnancy or breastfeeding status, as it may affect the safety of the treatment. Children under 2 years should avoid using Pelargonium sidoides due to limited research on its effects in this age group, and patients with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels as it may influence glucose metabolism. Additionally, individuals with liver or kidney disease should use it with caution, and mixing it with sedatives or other medications that cause drowsiness is not recommended.
It is also essential to inform your doctor about any allergies or sensitivities, stop taking Pelargonium sidoides two weeks before surgery, and report any new or worsening symptoms to your healthcare provider.
The most important precautions you must take before using Pelargonium sidoides for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Consult A Doctor Before Use: Use of Pelargonium sidoides may interact with certain medications, including blood thinners and diabetes medications.
- Inform About Pregnancy Or Breastfeeding: Pelargonium sidoides may stimulate uterine contractions and should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
- Avoid In Children Under 2 Years: Not enough data available to assess safety in children under 2 years, so it's safest to avoid use.
- Monitor Blood Sugar Levels: Patients with diabetes should monitor blood sugar levels due to potential Pelargonium sidoides interactions with diabetes medications.
- Be Cautious With Diabetes Medication: Pelargonium sidoides may decrease blood sugar levels in people taking diabetes medication.
- Avoid With Liver Or Kidney Disease: Pelargonium sidoides is contraindicated in individuals with liver or kidney disease due to the risk of enhanced toxicity.
- Do Not Mix With Sedatives: Concomitant use with sedatives may lead to increased sedative effects and respiratory depression.
- Inform About Allergies Or Sensitivities: People with known allergies to plants in the Geraniaceae family should avoid using Pelargonium sidoides.
- Stop 2 Weeks Before Surgery: Pelargonium sidoides should be discontinued at least 2 weeks prior to elective surgery due to its potential to interfere with blood clotting.
- Report New Symptoms Or Worsening: Inform healthcare provider about any new or worsening symptoms during treatment with Pelargonium sidoides.
