Parkia timoriana

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Inga timoriana
• Parkia grandis
• Parkia roxburghii

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. It is classified within the order Fabales and the family Fabaceae, specifically categorized under the genus Parkia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a wide geographical distribution spanning across multiple continents and diverse climates. Within East Tropical Africa, it can be found growing in both Tanzania and Uganda. Its presence extends into Eastern Asia, where it is documented in Taiwan. The species also inhabits parts of the Indian Subcontinent, specifically within the region of Assam. Furthermore, its range includes the nation of Bangladesh, highlighting its importance across various tropical ecosystems.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Parkia timoriana is characterized by its status as a perennial species, meaning it lives for many years and maintains its biological functions through successive growing seasons. Its development begins with the germination of seeds, which typically progress through an initial establishment phase before maturing into large, long-lived woody trees. As a perennial, the plant undergoes repetitive cycles of growth, flowering, and fruiting, often influenced by seasonal variations in moisture and temperature. Throughout its extended lifespan, it develops a robust structural framework, contributing to the forest canopy and establishing a stable presence within its ecosystem.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Parkia timoriana is characterized by a large, woody growth form, specifically categorized as a tree. It is a self-supporting plant that does not function as a climber, liana, or vine, and it exists strictly as a terrestrial species rather than an epiphyte. This massive tree can reach a significant plant height, with a mean height of approximately 40 m and a maximum potential height of up to 50 m.

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Plant height max:

50 m

Plant height mean:

40 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Parkia timoriana is characterized by a highly efficient metabolic framework designed for growth in tropical environments. The plant utilizes a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which involves the direct fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide through the Calvin cycle, a common mechanism for large canopy trees in humid climates. Furthermore, Parkia timoriana functions as a nitrogen fixer, maintaining a symbiotic relationship with diazotrophic bacteria within its root nodules to convert atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable forms, thereby enhancing its nutrient uptake and supporting robust development in nitrogen-limited soils.

Nitrogen fixer :

yes

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Parkia timoriana is characterized by a biotic pollination syndrome, specifically relying on bats as a primary pollination vector. This specialized interaction plays a crucial role in the plant's reproductive success and genetic exchange. Following successful pollination, the plant produces seeds that exhibit specific mass variations; the seed mass typically ranges from a minimum of 0.54348 g to a maximum of 0.8849 g, with an average seed mass of 0.71419 g.

Pollination syndrome :

bat

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Seed mass max:

0.8849 g

Seed mass mean:

0.71419 g

Seed mass min:

0.54348 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Parkia timoriana has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include seed.

Seed

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Chemicals

Parkia timoriana has 8 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include EGCG, Epigallocatechin gallate, Flavonoids, Hyperin, L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine.

EGCG

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Epigallocatechin gallate

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Flavonoids

1. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology

Hyperin

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

1. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology

Pinitol

1. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology

Sugars

1. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology

Terpenoids

1. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology

Activities

Parkia timoriana has 5 reported activities identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial, Hepatoprotective.

Antioxidant

1. International journal of biological macromolecules
2. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology
3. Scientific reports

Antibacterial

1. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology
2. Scientific reports

Antidiabetic

1. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology

Antimicrobial

1. Scientific reports

Hepatoprotective

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Medicinal Uses

Parkia timoriana has 2 reported medicinal uses identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include antidiabetic, antioxidant.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations