Panax
Panax · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Extensive (275 studies) · ★★★★★
scientifically known as Panax, is a diverse genus of perennial herbs revered for centuries in traditional medicine. Most famous for ginseng, these plants contain potent bioactive compounds called ginsenosides. Renowned for their adaptogenic properties, they are widely utilized to boost immunity, reduce stress, and enhance overall cognitive function.
- Family
- Not available
- Native range
- Asia-Temperate
- Parts used
- Root · Leaf
- Common names
- Not available
- Scientific synonyms
- Not available
Names and Synonyms
Scientific Names
Accepted name
PanaxDistribution
This plant exhibits a wide natural range across several key regions in East Asia. In the Russian Far East, it can be found growing within the Khabarovsk and Primorye territories. Its distribution extends significantly into China, where it inhabits the Manchuria region. Furthermore, the species is widespread throughout China's North-Central and South-Central areas. Collectively, these locations define the specific geographical footprint of the Panax genus.
| Region | Area |
|---|---|
| Russian Far East | Khabarovsk |
| Russian Far East | Primorye |
| China | China South-Central |
| China | Manchuria |
| China | China North-Central |
| China | China Southeast |
| China | Tibet |
| Eastern Asia | Japan |
| Eastern Asia | Korea |
| Indian Subcontinent | Assam |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Plant Parts
Panax has 7 reported plant parts identified across 123 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root, leaf, stem, fruit, rhizome.
| Plant part | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Root | 76 supporting sources | ★★★★★ |
| Leaf | 17 supporting sources | ★★★★★ |
| Stem | 13 supporting sources | ★★★★★ |
| Fruit | 5 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| Rhizome | 5 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| Flower | 4 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Seed | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
Root
- Zhongguo yao li xue bao = Acta pharmacologica Sinica
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
- Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
View 71 additional sources
- Journal of the neurological sciences
- Applied microbiology and biotechnology
- Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia
- Antibiotiki i khimioterapiia = Antibiotics and chemoterapy [sic]
- Ultrasonics sonochemistry
- Journal of experimental botany
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Journal of AOAC International
- Journal of ginseng research
- Phytochemistry
- Microscopy research and technique
- Drugs under experimental and clinical research
- Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
- Nutritional neuroscience
- Biomolecules
- Mutagenesis
- Cells
- Journal of natural products
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
- Acta neuropathologica
- The American journal of Chinese medicine
- Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology
- Molecular biology reports
- Life sciences
- The Analyst
- Frontiers in plant science
- Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Chemico-biological interactions
- Environmental monitoring and assessment
- Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
- Brain research
- BMC genomics
- Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
- Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
- Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
- The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
- MethodsX
- Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
- Scientific reports
- Aging
- Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
- Journal of chromatography. A
- Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental'naia terapiia
- Journal of Asian natural products research
- BMC plant biology
- Atherosclerosis
- Plant cell reports
- Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India
- International journal of biological macromolecules
- Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology
- Frontiers in chemistry
- Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
- Physiologia plantarum
- Journal of separation science
- Acta physiologica et pharmacologica Bulgarica
- PloS one
- Journal of cellular biochemistry
- Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke
- Electrophoresis
- Surgery
- Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- Protoplasma
- Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment
- European journal of clinical pharmacology
- Journal of food protection
- Voprosy pitaniia
- Izvestiia Akademii nauk. Seriia biologicheskaia
- Biosensors
- Biochemical pharmacology
- Plant & cell physiology
Leaf
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
- Zhongguo yao li xue bao = Acta pharmacologica Sinica
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Journal of ginseng research
View 12 additional sources
- Frontiers in plant science
- BMC genomics
- Fish physiology and biochemistry
- Scientific reports
- Aging
- The American journal of Chinese medicine
- Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications
- Journal of Asian natural products research
- Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
- Plant cell reports
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Acta physiologica et pharmacologica Bulgarica
Stem
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
- Zhongguo yao li xue bao = Acta pharmacologica Sinica
- Cells
- Fish physiology and biochemistry
View 8 additional sources
- Scientific reports
- Aging
- The American journal of Chinese medicine
- Journal of Asian natural products research
- Journal of separation science
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Acta physiologica et pharmacologica Bulgarica
Fruit
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Frontiers in plant science
- The American journal of Chinese medicine
- Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- Protoplasma
Rhizome
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Aging
- Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
- International journal of biological macromolecules
Flower
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- The American journal of Chinese medicine
- Journal of separation science
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Seed
- The American journal of Chinese medicine
- Frontiers in plant science
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Activities
Panax has 3 reported activities identified across 123 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Anticarcinogenic, Antimutagenic, Antioxidant.
| Activity | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Anticarcinogenic | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antimutagenic | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antioxidant | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Anticarcinogenic
- Journal of Korean medical science
Antimutagenic
- Journal of Korean medical science
Antioxidant
- Current cardiology reviews
Conditions
Panax has 24 reported investigations on conditions identified across 123 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include cancer, Alzheimer's disease, fatigue, alopecia, antiviral.
| Condition | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer | 5 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| Alzheimer's disease | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Fatigue | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Alopecia | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiviral | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Apoptosis | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Bacterial infections | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Breast cancer | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cancers | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Cancer
- Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology
- Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
- Journal of ginseng research
- Current issues in molecular biology
- Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Alzheimer's disease
- Scientific reports
- PeerJ
- Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology
Fatigue
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Alopecia
- Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Antiviral
- Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Apoptosis
- Current issues in molecular biology
Bacterial infections
- Nutrients
Breast cancer
- Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Cancers
- Oncotarget
Cardiovascular diseases
- Current drug metabolism
Preparations
Panax has 228 reported preparations identified across 123 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include ginseng extract, ginseng extracts, extract, Ginseng extract, red ginseng.
| Preparation | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Ginseng extract | 18 supporting sources | ★★★★★ |
| Ginseng extracts | 8 supporting sources | ★★★★☆ |
| Extract | 6 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| Ginseng extract | 5 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| Red ginseng | 5 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| Extracts | 4 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Aqueous extract | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Crude ginseng extract | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Ginseng | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Ginseng polysaccharides | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
Ginseng extract
- Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
- Biochemical pharmacology
- Clinical therapeutics
- Planta medica
- Journal of natural products
View 13 additional sources
- Chinese journal of natural medicines
- The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology
- International journal of sport nutrition
- Journal of medicinal food
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- The Japanese journal of surgery
- PloS one
- Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
- General pharmacology
- Food technology and biotechnology
- Journal of biochemistry
- Biochemical and biophysical research communications
- Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
Ginseng extracts
- The Journal of toxicological sciences
- The American journal of Chinese medicine
- Cardiovascular journal of Africa
- Frontiers in pharmacology
- Journal of ginseng research
View 3 additional sources
- PloS one
- APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica
- Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
Extract
- Free radical biology & medicine
- Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Pharmacological research
- Nihon Jinzo Gakkai shi
View 1 additional sources
- Planta medica
Ginseng extract
- Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
- Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals
- Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale
- Acta physiologica et pharmacologica Bulgarica
- International journal of epidemiology
Red ginseng
- Environmental science and pollution research international
- Mutation research
- Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation
- International journal of impotence research
- Ui sahak
Extracts
- Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia
- Planta medica
- Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
- Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine
Aqueous extract
- Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
- Canadian journal of comparative medicine : Revue canadienne de medecine comparee
- The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Crude ginseng extract
- Journal of natural products
- Neuroreport
- Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
Ginseng
- The Annals of pharmacotherapy
- Menopause (New York, N.Y.)
- Veterinary research
Ginseng polysaccharides
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Pharmacological research
- International journal of biological macromolecules