Oxalis corniculata
Oxalis corniculata · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (15 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Oxalis corniculata is a versatile plant species known for containing bioactive compounds such as flavonoids within its leaves. Scientific investigations into various preparations, including crude, methanolic, and aqueous extracts, have highlighted its significant therapeutic potential. Research demonstrates that these extracts exhibit potent antibacterial, antifungal, and antimicrobial activities against pathogens like Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Furthermore, the plant shows promise in combating oxidative stress, which is a key factor in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Through these diverse biological activities, Oxalis corniculata remains a subject of intense interest in pharmacological studies.
- Synonyms
- Oxalis Radicosa · Xanthoxalis Corniculata F. Atropurpurea · 77 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Oxalidaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Leaf
Classification
Common Names
Oxalis corniculata is a versatile plant known by a wide variety of regional and descriptive common names. It is frequently referred to as Clover Sorrel or Creeping Lady's Sorrel due to its distinct leaf shape and growth habit. In different linguistic contexts, you may encounter it called Acedera asiática or Acetosella dei campi. Some local populations also recognize the species simply as Calincing. These diverse names reflect the plant's widespread presence and its integration into various cultural landscapes.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Oxalis corniculata is a plant species that has been documented under several different taxonomic names throughout botanical history. It is widely recognized as having the synonym Acetosella corniculata, reflecting shifts in how its classification is handled. Within this group, researchers also identify specific varieties such as Acetosella corniculata var. subglabra and Acetosella corniculata var. villosa. Further synonyms associated with this species include the names Acetosella herpestica and Acetosella simulans. Understanding these various nomenclatural relationships is essential for accurate identification and scientific study.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Oxalis corniculata is a distinctive member of the kingdom Plantae. Within this vast biological realm, it is classified under the class Equisetopsida. Its evolutionary lineage continues through the order Oxalidales, which connects it to many related species. This plant specifically belongs to the family Oxalidaceae, showcasing its unique botanical characteristics. Ultimately, it is identified by its scientific genus, Oxalis, marking its place in the natural world.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Oxalidales |
| Family | Oxalidaceae |
| Genus | Oxalis |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Oxalis corniculata exhibits a diverse geographical distribution that spans significant portions of the African continent. Within East Tropical Africa, this plant is commonly found across the landscapes of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its presence extends beyond the mainland to include the Atlantic islands of Macaronesia. Specifically, populations can be identified throughout the Azores and the Canary Islands. This wide range highlights the plant's ability to thrive in various tropical and island environments.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Oxalis corniculata is a self-supporting herb characterized by its delicate and spreading growth form. This plant typically reaches a maximum height of 0.5 m, though its stature can vary significantly depending on the environment. In some instances, the growth may be as minimal as 0.01 m, representing its lowest possible height. More commonly, it establishes a presence with a minimum height of approximately 0.1625 m. These varying dimensions showcase the adaptable nature of this small herbaceous species.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Oxalis corniculata is a versatile medicinal herb recognized for its wide range of significant biological activities. Research indicates that the plant possesses strong antioxidant properties, which play a vital role in neutralizing free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative stress. Furthermore, it exhibits potent antimicrobial and antibacterial capabilities, making it effective against various pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The plant's antifungal activity also provides a natural defense against several fungal strains, highlighting its potential in treating infectious diseases. Additionally, its documented antiseptic qualities reinforce its long-standing importance in traditional and pharmacological applications.
Compounds
Oxalis corniculata is a medicinal plant that serves as a rich source of various bioactive phytoconstituents. Detailed chemical analyses have confirmed that the plant contains significant amounts of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Specifically, the extract contains important compounds such as rutin and myricetin, which contribute to its therapeutic profile. Furthermore, the presence of chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid provides the plant with potent antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory properties. These diverse chemical relationships suggest that the plant holds significant potential for managing neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease.
Conditions
Oxalis corniculata demonstrates significant therapeutic potential by effectively treating various pathogens, including the bacterium Escherichia coli and the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The plant's extracts also exhibit strong antifungal properties against both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus flexneri. Beyond combating microbes, research indicates that Oxalis corniculata may assist in treating Alzheimer's disease through its antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. These diverse biological activities highlight the plant's utility in managing infectious diseases and neurodegenerative conditions.
Preparations
Oxalis corniculata is prepared as a crude extract to evaluate its significant antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal activities against various pathogens and insects. The plant is also prepared as a methanolic extract, which serves as a potent source of enzyme inhibitors and shows high antimicrobial efficacy against strains like Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi. Furthermore, Oxalis corniculata is prepared as a chloroform fraction, demonstrating excellent soluble activity against specific bacteria, fungi, and the insect Tribolium castaneum. Research also shows that the plant is prepared as aqueous extracts, which are investigated for their antibacterial potency against multi-drug resistant E. coli. These diverse preparation methods, including the use of methanolic extracts, highlight the plant's medicinal importance in pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications.
Parts used
Oxalis corniculata is a versatile medicinal plant that derives its significant therapeutic value primarily from its leaf parts. Research indicates that the leaves are rich in essential minerals and bioactive compounds, including various phenolics and flavonoids. These phytochemicals contribute to high antioxidant activity, which plays a crucial role in neutralizing free radicals. Furthermore, methanolic extracts prepared from the leaves have demonstrated potential in neuroprotection by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and reducing oxidative stress. Consequently, the leaf of this species serves as both a nutritional supplement and a promising natural remedy for managing neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease.