Home > Herbs > Oryza Sativa

Oryza molida

Oryza sativa · Accepted scientific name

Scientific literature: Very Extensive (1050 studies) · ★★★★★

Oryza molida, scientifically known as Oryza sativa, is much more than a global dietary staple. Beyond its nutritional importance, this rice species possesses significant medicinal properties. Rich in antioxidants and essential minerals, it is traditionally used to support digestive health, provide energy, and offer soothing restorative benefits in various cultures.

Family
Poaceae
Native range
Europe
Parts used
Leaf · Seed
Common names
Oryza Molida · Rice · 3 more
Scientific synonyms
Oryza Sativa Subsp. Communis · Oryza Sativa Subsp. Brevindica · 285 more

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Oryza sativa

Synonyms

Regional and Traditional Names

Spanish:

  • Oryza elongata
  • Oryza plena
  • Oryza praecox
  • Oryza emarginata
  • Oryza montana
  • Oryza sorghoides
  • Oryza segetalis
  • Oryza formosana
  • Oryza glutinosa
  • Oryza denudata
  • Oryza aristata
  • Oryza palustris
  • Oryza communissima
  • Oryza marginata
  • Oryza nepalensis
  • Oryza rubribarbis

German:

  • Reis

French:

  • riz
  • Riz asiatique

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Poales, it is classified under the family Poaceae. Finally, it is identified by its genus name, Oryza, as part of the species Oryza sativa.

Rank Classification
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Streptophyta
Class Equisetopsida
Subclass Magnoliidae
Order Poales
Family Poaceae
Genus Oryza

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant is distributed across several key regions within the European continent. In Middle Europe, its presence can be found extending through the territories of Czechia and Slovakia. It also maintains a notable distribution within the borders of Hungary. Moving toward the coast, the plant is located in Southwestern Europe specifically within France. Finally, its geographical range reaches as far as the Southwestern European nations of Portugal and Spain.

Region Area
Middle Europe Czechia-Slovakia
Middle Europe Hungary
Southwestern Europe France
Southwestern Europe Portugal
Southwestern Europe Spain
Southeastern Europe Albania
Southeastern Europe Bulgaria
Southeastern Europe Greece
Southeastern Europe Italy
Southeastern Europe Romania

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Oryza sativa is characterized by its distribution across a broad altitudinal gradient, ranging from sea level up to a maximum elevation of 2000 m AMSL, with a mean elevation of approximately 1800 m AMSL. This species is primarily found within anthropogenic habitats (Área Antrópica), reflecting its close association with human-modified landscapes and agricultural systems. Its presence is defined by these specific environmental parameters, spanning from 0 m AMSL to its upper limit, which dictates its ecological niche within cultivated territories.

Elevational range max:
2000 m AMSL
Elevational range mean:
1800 m AMSL
Elevational range min:
0 m AMSL
Habitat :
Área Antrópica

Life history

The life history of Oryza sativa is characterized by an annual lifecycle, meaning the plant completes its entire developmental process—from germination and vegetative growth to flowering and seed production—within a single growing season. In terms of its ecological structure and growth habit, it is classified as a helophyte, a life form typically found in wetland environments where the plant grows in water-saturated soils or shallow aquatic conditions, often with its roots submerged while the aerial parts extend above the water level.

Life form :
helophyte
Lifecycle :
annual

Morphology

The morphology of Oryza sativa is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody, graminoid herb. It functions as an independent organism, neither acting as a parasite nor an epiphyte, maintaining a terrestrial existence. The plant is self-supporting rather than being a climber or a vine, exhibiting an ascending shoot orientation. In terms of stature, it typically reaches a mean height of 1.8 m, with a height range spanning from a minimum of 0.5 m to a maximum of 1.5 m.

Aquatic :
terrestrial
Climber :
self-supporting
Epiphyte :
terrestrial
Growth form :
herb
Growth form :
graminoid
Parasite :
independent
Plant height max:
1.5 m
Plant height mean:
1.8 m
Plant height min:
0.5 m
Shoot orientation :
ascending
Woodiness :
non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Oryza sativa is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation process and metabolic efficiency under varying light and temperature conditions. Morphologically, the plant exhibits significant leaf development, with a maximum leaf length reaching up to 60 cm and a maximum leaf width of approximately 1 cm. Regarding its nutrient acquisition capabilities, the species does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it relies on the uptake of nitrogen from the soil rather than through symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation.

Leaf length max:
60 cm
Leaf width max:
1 cm
Nitrogen fixer :
no
Photosynthetic pathway :
C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Oryza sativa is characterized by the development of a panicled inflorescence, which typically reaches a length ranging from a minimum of 0.2 m to a maximum of 0.3 m. The flowering period is most prominent during the summer months, specifically starting in July and concluding in August, though the timing can be variable. Following successful pollination, the plant produces dry fruits containing seeds with highly consistent physical dimensions; the seed volume is recorded at a steady 28 mm³, representing both the minimum, maximum, and mean values. The mass of these seeds also falls within a narrow, specific range, with a minimum mass of 0.02562 g, a maximum of 0.02978 g, and a mean seed mass of approximately 0.027514286 g.

Flowering time :
Jul
Flowering time :
Aug
Fruit dryness :
dry
Inflorescence :
panicle
Inflorescence length max:
0.3 m
Inflorescence length min:
0.2 m
Seed mass max:
0.02978 g
Seed mass mean:
0.027514286 g
Seed mass min:
0.02562 g
Seed volume max:
28 mm³

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Oryza sativa has 3 reported plant parts identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, seed, fruit.

Plant parts reported in Oryza sativa
Plant part Supporting sources Consensus
Leaf 3 supporting sources ★★☆☆☆
Seed 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Fruit 1 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆

Leaf

  1. Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
  2. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine
  3. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Seed

  1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
  2. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Fruit

  1. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine

Chemicals

Oryza sativa has 319 reported phytochemicals identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include CHLOROPHYLL, CD, Jasmonic acid, STARCH, Tricin.

Chemicals reported in Oryza sativa
Chemical Supporting sources Consensus
CHLOROPHYLL 6 supporting sources ★★★☆☆
CD 5 supporting sources ★★★☆☆
Jasmonic acid 5 supporting sources ★★★☆☆
STARCH 5 supporting sources ★★★☆☆
Tricin 5 supporting sources ★★★☆☆
ferulic acid 5 supporting sources ★★★☆☆
ABSCISIC ACID 4 supporting sources ★★☆☆☆
Flavonoids 4 supporting sources ★★☆☆☆
IRON 4 supporting sources ★★☆☆☆
Malondialdehyde 4 supporting sources ★★☆☆☆

CHLOROPHYLL

  1. Environmental science and pollution research international
  2. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
  3. International journal of molecular sciences
  4. Bioresource technology
  5. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
View 1 additional sources
  1. PloS one

CD

  1. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
  2. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
  3. Frontiers in plant science
  4. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
  5. ACS omega

Jasmonic acid

  1. PloS one
  2. Food chemistry
  3. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B
  4. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
  5. BMC plant biology

STARCH

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Protoplasma
  3. Ecotoxicology (London, England)
  4. The Journal of nutrition
  5. Journal of the science of food and agriculture

Tricin

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
  3. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
  4. Journal of food science
  5. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

ferulic acid

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Journal of food science
  3. Journal of ethnopharmacology
  4. Phytotherapy research : PTR
  5. Pharmacological reports : PR

ABSCISIC ACID

  1. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
  2. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B
  3. Plant physiology
  4. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

Flavonoids

  1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
  2. Saudi journal of biological sciences
  3. Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening
  4. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

IRON

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. International journal of food science
  3. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
  4. Journal of medicinal food

Malondialdehyde

  1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
  2. Environmental science and pollution research international
  3. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
  4. Metabolites

Activities

Oryza sativa has 498 reported activities identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Allelopathic, Cytotoxic, Gastroprotective, Neuroprotective.

Activities reported in Oryza sativa
Activity Supporting sources Consensus
Antioxidant 4 supporting sources ★★☆☆☆
Allelopathic 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Cytotoxic 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Gastroprotective 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Neuroprotective 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor 1 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
ACE-Inhibitor 1 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Absorbent 1 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Acaricide 1 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Acarifuge 1 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆

Antioxidant

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Natural product research
  3. Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications
  4. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Allelopathic

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society

Cytotoxic

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Natural product research

Gastroprotective

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Environmental science and pollution research international

Neuroprotective

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications

5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor

  1. Dr. Duke

ACE-Inhibitor

  1. Dr. Duke

Absorbent

  1. Dr. Duke

Acaricide

  1. Dr. Duke

Acarifuge

  1. Dr. Duke

Conditions

Oryza sativa has 53 reported investigations on conditions identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include salt stress, drought, breast cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, paralysis.

Conditions investigated for Oryza sativa
Condition Supporting sources Consensus
Salt stress 7 supporting sources ★★★★☆
Drought 3 supporting sources ★★☆☆☆
Breast cancer 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Neurodegenerative diseases 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Paralysis 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Rheumatoid arthritis 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Salinity 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Water stress 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Alopecia 1 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Androgenetic alopecia 1 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆

Salt stress

  1. The New phytologist
  2. Biochemical and biophysical research communications
  3. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
  4. Phytochemistry
  5. International journal of molecular sciences
View 2 additional sources
  1. Plant cell reports
  2. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

Drought

  1. Frontiers in plant science
  2. Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology
  3. Scientific reports

Breast cancer

  1. Chemistry & biodiversity
  2. Journal of natural medicines

Neurodegenerative diseases

  1. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
  2. Journal of natural medicines

Paralysis

  1. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
  2. Journal of natural medicines

Rheumatoid arthritis

  1. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
  2. Journal of natural medicines

Salinity

  1. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
  2. Scientific reports

Water stress

  1. Frontiers in plant science
  2. Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology

Alopecia

  1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Androgenetic alopecia

  1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Preparations

Oryza sativa has 3 reported preparations identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include crude methanolic extracts, methanol extract of Oryza sativa leaves and straw, seeds.

Preparations reported for Oryza sativa
Preparation Supporting sources Consensus
Crude methanolic extracts 1 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Methanol extract of oryza sativa leaves and straw 1 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Seeds 1 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆

Crude methanolic extracts

  1. Saudi journal of biological sciences

Methanol extract of oryza sativa leaves and straw

  1. Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society

Seeds

  1. Journal of ethnopharmacology