Oenothera biennis
Oenothera biennis, commonly known as evening primrose, is a versatile perennial herb cherished in traditional medicine. Renowned for its vibrant yellow blooms, this plant offers therapeutic benefits through its oils and extracts. It is widely utilized to support hormonal balance, skin health, and inflammatory relief, embodying nature's healing potential.
- Scientific name: Oenothera biennis
- Family: Onagraceae
- Native range: Europe
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. As a member of the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Myrtaleales, it is classified under the family Onagraceae. Finally, it is identified by the genus Oenothera.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Myrtales | WCVP |
| Family | Onagraceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Oenothera | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant, known as Oenothera biennis, exhibits a specific presence across several regions in Northern Europe. Its documented distribution includes the coastal and inland areas of Denmark. It can also be found growing within the northern landscapes of Finland. Furthermore, the species is established throughout the territories of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, its range extends into the rugged environments of Norway.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Denmark | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Finland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Great Britain | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Ireland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Norway | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Sweden | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Austria | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Belgium | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Czechia-Slovakia | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Germany | WCVP |
Chemicals
Oenothera biennis has 28 reported phytochemicals identified across 40 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include evening primrose oil, gallic acid, gamma linolenic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, catechin.
- Total chemicals
- 28
- Scientific sources
- 40
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| evening primrose oil | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| gallic acid | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| gamma linolenic acid | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| gamma-linolenic acid | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| catechin | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| linoleic acid | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| linolic acid | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| methyl gallate | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1,3,6-trigalloylglucose | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1-Oxohederagenin | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Activities
Oenothera biennis has 2 reported activities identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor, Antioxidant.
- Total activities
- 2
- Scientific sources
- 2
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antioxidant | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Oenothera biennis has 22 reported medicinal uses identified across 27 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Multiple sclerosis, atopic dermatitis, cervical ripening, mastalgia, premenstrual syndrome.
- Total uses
- 22
- Scientific sources
- 27
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple sclerosis | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| atopic dermatitis | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cervical ripening | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| mastalgia | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| premenstrual syndrome | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| anxiety | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| asthma | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| diabetic complications | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| dilation | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |