burflower tree
Neolamarckia cadamba · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Sparse (68 studies) · ★★☆☆☆
Burflower tree, scientifically known as Neolamarckia cadamba, is a majestic tropical evergreen celebrated for its fragrant, golden blossoms. Widely utilized in traditional Ayurvedic and herbal medicine, this versatile plant offers diverse therapeutic benefits, ranging from skin healing to managing inflammation, making it a vital botanical resource in Southeast Asia.
Names
Common Names
- Leichhardt-pine
- burflower-tree
- common bur-flower-tree
- laran
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Neolamarckia cadambaSynonyms
- Anthocephalus cadamba
- Nauclea cadamba
- Anthocephalus morindifolius
- Sarcocephalus cadamba
- Anthocephalus indicus var. macrophyllus
- Samama cadamba
- Neonauclea megaphylla
- Anthocephalus indicus var. glabrescens
- Nauclea megaphylla
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta within the class Equisetopsida. As a member of the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Gentianaales, it is specifically situated in the family Rubiaceae. Its taxonomic identity is finalized within the genus Neolamarcaia.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Gentianales | WCVP |
| Family | Rubiaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Neolamarckia | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a diverse geographical range spanning across several key regions in Asia. Within China, its presence is noted in both the South-Central and Southeast territories. Moving toward the Indian Subcontinent, it can be found growing in the specific region of Assam. Its distribution also extends into the nation of Bangladesh. Finally, the species is documented inhabiting the rugged terrain of the East Himalaya.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| China | China South-Central | WCVP |
| China | China Southeast | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Assam | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Bangladesh | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | East Himalaya | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | India | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Nepal | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Sri Lanka | WCVP |
| Indo-China | Andaman Is. | WCVP |
| Indo-China | Cambodia | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Neolamarckia cadamba, possesses several parts that are of significant botanical and medicinal interest. The lush, green leaves are prominent features of the plant, often utilized in traditional applications. The stem bark and the broader bark of the tree are also vital components, containing various bioactive compounds that are frequently studied for their therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the fruits of the plant serve as a key reproductive element and contribute to the overall medicinal profile of this species.| Plant Part | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| leaves | Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| bark | Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| fruits | Metabolites (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| stem bark | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Neolamarckia cadamba has 22 reported phytochemicals identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Cadambine, Flavonoids, Tannins, AC 4, Glycosides.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Cadambine | 5 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| Flavonoids | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Tannins | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| AC 4 | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Glycosides | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Saponins | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AC 1 | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AC 3 | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AC-2 | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| CATECHIN | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Cadambine
- The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
- Scientific reports
- Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- International journal of molecular sciences
Flavonoids
- Metabolites
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Journal of tropical medicine
Tannins
- Metabolites
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Journal of tropical medicine
AC 4
- Chemistry & biodiversity
- Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry
Glycosides
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Journal of tropical medicine
Saponins
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Journal of tropical medicine
AC 1
- Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry
AC 3
- Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry
AC-2
- Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry
CATECHIN
- Metabolites
Activities
Neolamarckia cadamba has 15 reported activities identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Antimalarial, Abortifacient.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Anticancer | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antioxidant | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antiproliferative | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antimalarial | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Abortifacient | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Analgesic | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antibacterial | Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antigenotoxic | Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antihepatotoxic | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antipyretic | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Neolamarckia cadamba has 7 reported medicinal uses identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Escherichia coli, antimalarial, antioxidant, fever, inflammation.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli | Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antimalarial | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antioxidant | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| fever | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| inflammation | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| liver cancer | Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| pruritus | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| chloroform (CACB) | Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| crude methanol extract from bark of A. cadamba | Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethylacetate (EACB) | Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| hexane (HACB) | Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| leaf extracts | Journal of tropical medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nbutanol (NACB) | Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |