Nekemias grossedentata

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Ampelopsis grossedentata
• Ampelopsis cantoniensis var. grossedentata

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta within the class Equisetopsida. It is further categorized under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Vitales, falling into the family Vitaceae. Finally, it is identified by the genus Nekemias and the specific species Nekemias grossedentata.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a specific geographical range across several key regions in East and Southeast Asia. Within China, its presence is noted in the South-Central provinces. It is also found distributed throughout the Southeast regions of China. Furthermore, the species extends its reach into the Indo-China peninsula. Specifically, this medicinal plant is documented to grow within the borders of Vietnam.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Nekemias grossedentata is characterized by its specific altitudinal distribution within its native habitat. This species thrives across a diverse elevational gradient, ranging from low-lying areas at a minimum of 200 m AMSL to higher montane regions reaching a maximum of 1500 m AMSL. Throughout its natural range, the plant maintains a mean elevation of approximately 850 m AMSL, indicating a preference for mid-elevation ecological niches where environmental conditions such as temperature and moisture levels are optimally balanced for its growth and medicinal potency.

Elevational range max:

1500 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

850 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

200 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Nekemias grossedentata is characterized by its status as a perennial organism, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons rather than completing its life cycle in a single year. As a deciduous species, the plant undergoes a seasonal transformation where it sheds its foliage annually, typically in response to environmental cues such as decreasing temperatures or changes in photoperiod, entering a period of dormancy before regenerating new growth in the following spring.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Nekemias grossedentata is characterized by its growth habit as a woody liana, functioning as an obligatory climber that relies on external structures for support rather than being self-supporting. As a vine, its structural development is defined by a woody stem that provides the necessary rigidity and longevity for its climbing life cycle, distinguishing it from non-woody or facultative climbers.

Climber :

liana

Climber :

obligatory

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Nekemias grossedentata is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, reflecting its specific metabolic approach to carbon fixation. Its foliage exhibits a distinct morphological structure, featuring lanceolate-shaped leaves that possess toothed margins. The dimensions of the leaves vary according to developmental stages or environmental conditions, with a minimum leaf length of 2 cm and a maximum length reaching up to 5 cm, while the mean leaf length is recorded at 3.5 cm. In terms of lateral expansion, the leaf width ranges from a minimum of 1 cm to a maximum of 2.5 cm, maintaining a mean width of approximately 1.75 cm. Furthermore, the leaf physiology is notable for its lack of defensive integumentary structures, as the plant possesses no leaf thorns or spines.

Leaf form :

lanceolate

Leaf length max:

5 cm

Leaf length mean:

3.5 cm

Leaf length min:

2 cm

Leaf margin :

toothed

Leaf spines :

no

Leaf thorns :

no

Leaf width max:

2.5 cm

Leaf width mean:

1.75 cm

Leaf width min:

1 cm

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Nekemias grossedentata culminates in the development of its characteristic fruits, which exhibit specific morphological dimensions essential for identification. The fruits are relatively small and consistent in shape, with a mean length and width both measuring approximately 0.8 cm. While the dimensions can vary slightly among individuals, the fruit length and width typically range from a minimum of 0.6 cm to a maximum of 1 cm. This uniformity in size, where the mean dimensions align closely with the average diameter, characterizes the fruiting stage of the plant's reproductive cycle.

Fruit length max:

1 cm

Fruit length mean:

0.8 cm

Fruit length min:

0.6 cm

Fruit width max:

1 cm

Fruit width mean:

0.8 cm

Fruit width min:

0.6 cm

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Nekemias grossedentata has 3 reported plant parts identified across 18 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, stem, root.

Leaf

1. Journal of food science
2. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
3. Scientific reports
4. Journal of ethnopharmacology
5. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Stem

1. Scientific reports
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Metabolites
4. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials
5. Frontiers in plant science

Root

1. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
2. Metabolites
3. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Chemicals

Nekemias grossedentata has 45 reported phytochemicals identified across 18 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Dihydromyricetin, Flavonoids, Ampelopsin, Myricitrin, dihydroquercetin.

Dihydromyricetin

1. Journal of food science
2. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica
4. Scientific reports
5. European journal of pharmacology

Flavonoids

1. Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources
2. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
3. Journal of ethnopharmacology
4. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
5. Genomics

Ampelopsin

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
3. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Myricitrin

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
2. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials
3. Metabolites

dihydroquercetin

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials
2. Scientific reports
3. Metabolites

myricetin

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
3. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

polyphenols

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B
3. Genomics

BETA-SITOSTEROL

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
2. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

DHM

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Food & function

Gallic acid

1. Food chemistry: X
2. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Activities

Nekemias grossedentata has 7 reported activities identified across 18 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antitumor.

Antioxidant

1. Pharmacognosy magazine
2. Journal of ethnopharmacology
3. Frontiers in veterinary science
4. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
5. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Hepatoprotective

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)

Antibacterial

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Antidiabetic

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Antitumor

1. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Antiviral

1. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)

Neuroprotective

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Medicinal Uses

Nekemias grossedentata has 7 reported medicinal uses identified across 18 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include aphonia, blood pressure, fatigue, heatstroke, sore throat.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations