common daffodil

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• daffodil
• trumpet narcissus
• Tenby daffodil
• buttercup
• lent-lily
• wild daffodil
• Lent Lily
• common daffodil

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Ajax cambricus
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus f. lobularis
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. plenissimus
• Ajax pseudonarcissus var. luteus
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus f. pleniflorus
• Narcissus eystettensis
• Narcissus serratus
• Oileus hexangularis
• Ajax praelongus
• Narcissus major var. telamonius
• Narcissus radians
• Ajax hexangularis
• Narcissus festalis var. serratus
• Narcissus renaudii
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. serratus
• Ajax lobularis
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. festinus
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. humilis
• Ajax cuneifolius
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. minoriformis
• Narcissus sylvestris
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. montinus
• Ajax fenestralis
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. platylobus
• Narcissus telamonius
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. pisanus
• Ajax festinus
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. porrigens
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus f. serratus
• Ajax gayi
• Narcissus gayi
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus f. cambricus
• Ajax breviflos
• Narcissus gayi var. praelongus
• Narcissus glaucus
• Ajax festalis var. scoticus
• Ajax festalis var. plenus
• Ajax festalis var. plenissimus
• Ajax capax
• Ajax serratus var. suavis
• Ajax multicus
• Ajax telamonius var. grandiplenus
• Narcissus pisanus
• Ajax montinus
• Ajax platylobus
• Narcissus breviflos
• Ajax porrigens
• Narcissus horsfeldii
• Narcissus ajax
• Ajax pseudonarcissus
• Ajax radians
• Narcissus andersonii
• Ajax rudbeckii
• Ajax sabiniamus
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. grandiplenus
• Ajax serratus
• Ajax sexangularis
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. plenus
• Ajax telamonius
• Ajax lobularis var. amplicorona
• Narcissus gandogeri
• Ajax lobularis var. scotica
• Ajax fenestralis var. scoticus
• Ajax pseudonarcissus var. pallidus
• Ajax pseudonarcissus var. plenissimus
• Ajax pseudonarcissus var. pleurus
• Ajax pseudonarcissus var. ryticarpus
• Ajax pseudonarcissus var. telamonius
• Ajax serratus var. praecox
• Ajax serratus var. radians
• Ajax pseudonarcissus var. albus

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Asparagales, it is classified under the family Amaryllidaceae. Finally, it is identified by its genus, Narcissus.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a specific geographical range across several regions of Europe. In Northern Europe, its presence is noted within the borders of Great Britain. Moving into Middle Europe, it can be found inhabiting the landscapes of Austria and Belgium. The distribution continues through the central territories of Czechia-Slovakia. Finally, the species is also documented growing within Germany.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Narcissus pseudo-narcissus is primarily characterized by its preference for lowland environments, where it thrives in stable, nutrient-rich landscapes. In these low-lying regions, the species typically colonizes moist to mesic habitats, such as damp meadows, pastures, and woodland clearings, where the soil moisture remains relatively consistent. The lowland positioning provides a buffered microclimate that supports its seasonal growth cycle, allowing it to exploit the early spring moisture availability before the onset of summer droughts. Its distribution within these lowlands is often influenced by soil composition and light availability, frequently occurring in areas with alluvial soils or moderate shade provided by scattered vegetation.

Habitat :

Lowland

Life history

The life history of Narcissus pseudo-narcissus is characterized by its status as a perennial organism, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. As a cryptophyte, it survives unfavorable environmental periods by sheltering its vital organs underground. Specifically, it functions as a geophyte, utilizing specialized underground storage organs to endure dormancy and facilitate regrowth. The plant exhibits a deciduous nature, shedding its above-ground foliage during its dormant phase to conserve energy and resources.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Life form :

geophyte

Life form :

cryptophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Narcissus pseudo-narcissus is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb, specifically classified as a forb. This plant is a self-supporting species that does not function as a climber or a liana, and it maintains an independent existence as it is not a parasite or an epiphyte, typically inhabiting terrestrial environments. In terms of stature, the plant exhibits a relatively modest height, with individual specimens ranging from a minimum of 0.15 m to a maximum of 0.6 m, resulting in a mean plant height of approximately 0.2625 m.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Growth form :

forb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

0.6 m

Plant height mean:

0.2625 m

Plant height min:

0.15 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Narcissus pseudo narcisus is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, indicating a reliance on the standard Calvin cycle for carbon fixation. As a non-carnivorous species, it obtains its nutrients through soil uptake rather than insectivory. The plant's foliage exhibits significant morphological variation, with leaf lengths ranging from a minimum of 15 cm to a maximum of 50 cm. The width of these leaves is relatively narrow, spanning from 0.5 cm to a maximum of 2 cm, resulting in a mean leaf size of approximately 17.735 cm². Furthermore, the plant demonstrates a mean Specific Leaf Area (SLA) of 193 cm²/g, a metric that reflects the relationship between its leaf surface area and its dry mass, providing insight into its resource allocation and leaf thickness strategies.

Carnivory :

non-carnivorous

Leaf length max:

50 cm

Leaf length min:

15 cm

Leaf size mean:

17.735 cm²

Leaf width max:

2 cm

Leaf width min:

0.5 cm

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Specific Leaf Area (SLA) mean:

193 cm²/g

Reproduction

The reproduction of Narcissus pseudo-narcissus is characterized by a sexual process, as asexual reproduction is notably absent. The flowering period typically begins in March and concludes in April, though the timing can be variable. The plant relies on biotic pollination syndromes, specifically involving insects, with bees serving as a primary pollinator. Successful fertilization is supported by the presence of self-fertilization capabilities. Following pollination, the plant develops a capsule fruit that is dehiscent, meaning it opens at maturity to release its seeds. These seeds are quite small, with a mean mass of approximately 0.00556475 g, ranging from a minimum of 0.00385 g to a maximum of 0.00641 g. The dispersal of the species is facilitated by unspecialized mechanisms, though it also exhibits anthropochorous tendencies, where human activity plays a role in seed movement.

Dehiscence :

dehiscent

Dispersal syndrome :

unspecialized

Dispersal syndrome :

anthropochorous

Flowering time :

Mar

Flowering time :

Apr

Fruit type :

capsule

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

bee

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Reproduction asexual :

absent

Seed mass max:

0.00641 g

Seed mass mean:

0.00556475 g

Seed mass min:

0.00385 g

Self fertilization :

present

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Narcissus pseudonarcissus has 1 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include galanthamine.

galanthamine

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Conditions

Narcissus pseudonarcissus has 1 reported investigations on conditions identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)