What to know about Myrrhis odorata (sweet cicely) before using it medicinally

Myrrhis odorata, commonly known as sweet cicely, is a versatile herb that has been prized for its medicinal and culinary properties for centuries.

With its sweet, anise-like flavor and fragrance, sweet cicely has been used to improve digestion and boost the immune system, making it a popular ingredient in traditional medicine. This biennial herb is native to Europe and Asia, and is often cultivated in gardens for its attractive fern-like foliage and delicate white flowers.

Sweet cicely has a rich history, with references to its use dating back to ancient Greek and Roman times, where it was valued for its medicinal and culinary properties.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Myrrhis odorata.

What are the medicinal properties of Myrrhis odorata?

Myrrhis odorata helps with digestive issues such as indigestion, nausea, and diarrhea due to its carminative and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant is also used to reduce fever and alleviate respiratory problems. It has antiseptic and antifungal properties. Sweet cicely is also used to treat wounds and skin conditions.

The active constituents of sweet cicely include essential oils, sesquiterpenes, and flavonoids, which contribute to its medicinal properties. The essential oils have been shown to possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, while the sesquiterpenes exhibit antifungal and antibacterial properties. The flavonoids, such as quercetin and kaempferol, have been found to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

The most commonly used parts of the sweet cicely plant for medicinal purposes are the leaves, roots, and seeds. The leaves and roots are used to prepare infusions and tinctures for treating digestive issues and reducing fever. The seeds are used to prepare a powder that can be used to alleviate respiratory problems and skin conditions.

Improper use of sweet cicely can cause side effects such as allergic reactions, stomach upset, and interactions with medications. Consume the plant in moderation, and avoid using it if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Be aware that the plant may interact with blood thinners and diabetes medications.

Precautions should be taken to avoid overconsumption and interactions with medications. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider before using sweet cicely. Individuals with allergies or sensitivities should also consult their healthcare provider before using the plant. Use the plant under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.

What are the horticulural aspects of Myrrhis odorata?

Myrrhis odorata grow best in moist, fertile soils and partial shade, requiring consistent moisture but tolerating some drought. This hardy perennial thrives in USDA zones 3-9, withstanding temperatures up to 32°F (0°C) but may go dormant below 20°F (-7°C).

For optimal growth, plant sweet cicely in early spring or fall, spacing seedlings 12-18 inches apart. Sow seeds directly in the ground or start indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date. Water regularly, maintaining a consistent moisture level, but avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.

Harvest sweet cicely leaves and stems when the plant is in bloom, typically in late spring or early summer. Pinch or cut off flower stalks to promote leaf growth. Harvest individual leaves as needed, or cut back the entire plant to the ground to encourage new growth. Use scissors or pruning shears to minimize damage.

Sweet cicely is susceptible to pests like aphids, slugs, and snails, while diseases like powdery mildew and root rot can affect the plant. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation or infection, and treat promptly with organic or integrated pest management methods to prevent damage. Regular soil care, including proper fertilization and drainage, can also help prevent disease.

What are the botanical aspects of Myrrhis odorata?

Myrrhis odorata is a perennial herb with hollow, ribbed stems, 1-3 m tall, with bipinnate, pinnately compound leaves. The leaves are 3-5 times pinnate, with ovate leaflets. The leaflets are 2-5 cm long, with pointed tips.

Taxonomically, Myrrhis odorata is classified in the family Apiaceae, subfamily Saniculoideae. The genus Myrrhis is a monotypic genus, comprising only M. odorata. The species is further classified into two varieties: var. odorata and var. glabra. The binomial nomenclature for the species was established by Carl Linnaeus.

There are two notable variants of Myrrhis odorata, var. odorata and var. glabra. Var. odorata has a stronger, more intense fragrance, while var. glabra is less fragrant. Var. odorata has been used extensively in traditional medicine and as a culinary herb.

Myrrhis odorata is native to Europe and Western Asia, where it is commonly found in moist, temperate forests. It has been naturalized in North America, where it is found in the wild, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. The species is adaptable and can thrive in a variety of environments.

The life cycle of Myrrhis odorata begins with germination, which typically occurs in the spring. The plant grows rapidly, producing stems and leaves. By mid-summer, the plant reaches its maximum height and begins to produce umbels of small, white flowers. After pollination, the seeds mature and are dispersed by wind, completing the life cycle.

What are the historical aspects of Myrrhis odorata?

Myrrhis odorata is a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine, dating back to ancient Greece and Rome. It was used to treat a variety of ailments, including digestive issues, fever, and respiratory problems.

In ancient Greek mythology, sweet cicely was associated with the goddess Artemis, who was said to have used the plant's fragrance to repel the centaurs. The plant was also mentioned in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, where it was described as a medicinal herb.

In the language of flowers, sweet cicely is often used to symbolize joy, love, and fidelity. It is also associated with the qualities of innocence, purity, and humility. In some cultures, the plant is seen as a symbol of good luck and prosperity.

The use of sweet cicely is documented in several historical texts, including the Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia. The Greek physician Hippocrates also mentioned the plant in his writings on medicine. The Arab physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna) included sweet cicely in his medical text, The Canon of Medicine.

Sweet cicely has been depicted in various historical artifacts, including ancient Greek and Roman pottery and coins. It has also been featured in medieval herbals and illuminated manuscripts. In some European museums, sweet cicely is on display as part of exhibits on ancient herbalism and traditional medicine.