Urunday

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Urunday

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Astronium candollei
• Astronium juglandifolium
• Myracrodruon macrocalyx
• Astronium macrocalyx
• Astronium urundeuva
• Astronium urundeuva var. candollei

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae within the phylum Streptophyta and is classified under the class Equisetopsida. Following the subclass Magnoliidae, it is ordered within Sapindales and resides in the family Anacardiaceae. Finally, it is categorized under the genus Myracrodruon.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a wide geographical distribution across several key regions of South America. In the western portion of the continent, it can be found growing within the borders of Bolivia. Its presence is also extensive throughout Brazil, where it spans multiple distinct ecological zones. Specifically, it is documented across Brazil's North, Northeast, and Southeast regions. Furthermore, the species is well-established within the West-Central territories of Brazil.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Myracrodruon urundeuva is characterized by its adaptability to diverse environmental settings, spanning from disturbed anthropogenic areas (Área Antrópica) to more natural biomes such as the Caatinga (strictu sensu), riparian forests or gallery forests (Floresta Ciliar ou Galeria), and semi-deciduous seasonal forests (Floresta Estacional Semidecidual). This species exhibits a significant altitudinal distribution, thriving at elevations ranging from a minimum of 200 m AMSL to a maximum of 1000 m AMSL, with a mean elevational range recorded at 1200 m AMSL.

Elevational range max:

1000 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

1200 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

200 m AMSL

Habitat :

Área Antrópica, Caatinga (stricto sensu), Floresta Ciliar ou Galeria, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual

Life history

The life history of Myracrodruon urundeuva is characterized by its classification as a perennial species, allowing it to persist in its ecosystem over many years. As a phanerophyte, its reproductive shoots are elevated well above the ground, a growth form that facilitates its development into a substantial tree. The plant exhibits a deciduous nature, undergoing seasonal leaf shedding as part of its physiological cycle.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Myracrodruon urundeuva is characterized by its robust growth form as a woody tree. It functions as an independent organism rather than a parasite and is strictly terrestrial in its habitat, lacking any epiphytic or aquatic tendencies. The plant is a self-supporting structure, not categorized as a climber, vine, or liana. In terms of stature, it reaches a significant height, with an average height of approximately 10 m and the potential to reach a maximum height of up to 30 m.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

30 m

Plant height mean:

10 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Myracrodruon urundeuva is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, indicating a carbon fixation process typical of many tropical woody species that occurs primarily through the Calvin cycle. In terms of its structural composition, the plant exhibits a highly consistent stem specific density (SSD) with a mean, minimum, and maximum value of 810 mg/cm³, suggesting a uniform wood density throughout its development. Its foliar physiology is defined by a Specific Leaf Area (SLA) that remains constant at a mean, minimum, and maximum of 191 cm²/g, reflecting a stabilized leaf mass per unit area. Furthermore, the species does not function as a nitrogen fixer, relying instead on external soil nutrient availability rather than symbiotic nitrogen fixation to support its physiological processes.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Specific Leaf Area (SLA) min:

191 cm²/g

Stem specific density (SSD) min:

810 mg/cm³

Reproduction

The reproduction of Myracrodruon urundeuva is characterized by the production of a drupe-type fruit, which is consistently indehiscent, meaning it does not split open at maturity to release its contents. The fruits exhibit a uniform size, with a recorded length of 1.4 cm (encompassing the minimum, mean, and maximum values). Within these fruits, the seeds are quite small and lightweight, possessing a mean mass of 0.016334 g, with individual seed weights ranging from a minimum of 0.01526 g to a maximum of 0.01696 g. The dispersal syndrome of the species is classified as anemochorous, indicating that the plant relies on wind mechanisms to facilitate the movement and distribution of its reproductive units.

Dehiscence :

indehiscent

Dispersal syndrome :

anemochorous

Fruit length max:

1.4 cm

Fruit type :

drupe

Seed mass max:

0.01696 g

Seed mass mean:

0.016334 g

Seed mass min:

0.01526 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Myracrodruon urundeuva has 3 reported plant parts identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, seed, stem.

Leaf

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]

Seed

1. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias

Stem

1. Neurochemical research

Chemicals

Myracrodruon urundeuva has 9 reported phytochemicals identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoids, Tannins, Caryophyllene, Coumarins, Lectin.

Flavonoids

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Pharmaceutical biology

Tannins

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Pharmaceutical biology

Caryophyllene

1. Experimental parasitology

Coumarins

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Lectin

1. Natural product research

Phenols

1. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias

Saponins

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Steroids

1. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias

Terpenes

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Activities

Myracrodruon urundeuva has 5 reported activities identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Analgesic, Antiinflammatory, Antiulcer, Free-Radical Scavenging.

Antioxidant

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

Analgesic

1. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Antiinflammatory

1. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Antiulcer

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Free-Radical Scavenging

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Medicinal Uses

Myracrodruon urundeuva has 13 reported medicinal uses identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Alzheimer's disease, Leishmania, Parkinson's disease, alveolar bone loss, apoptosis.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations