Millettia extensa

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Millettia auriculata f. extensa
• Phaseoloides extensum
• Millettia auriculata var. extensa
• Otosema macrophylla
• Otosema extensa
• Amerimnon pallidum
• Pongamia macrophylla
• Millettia auriculata
• Tephrosia macrophylla

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is further categorized under the order Fabales and the family Fabaceae. It is specifically identified by the genus Millettia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a widespread presence across several key regions within the Indian Subcontinent. It can be found growing throughout the various states and territories of India. Its distribution extends into the neighboring country of Bangladesh, where it thrives in local ecosystems. Furthermore, the species is commonly documented in the mountainous terrains of Nepal and the East Himalaya region. Finally, the plant is also specifically noted to occur within the state of Assam.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Millettia extensa is characterized by its specific altitudinal preferences, as it thrives within a defined vertical niche. This species is predominantly found in environments situated at moderate elevations, maintaining a strictly regulated elevational range that begins at a minimum of 400 m AMSL and extends to a maximum of 600 m AMSL. This specific altitudinal belt suggests that the plant is adapted to the particular climatic conditions, such as temperature gradients and moisture availability, found within this narrow lowland to sub-montane transition zone.

Elevational range max:

600 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

400 m AMSL

Morphology

The morphology of Millettia extensa is characterized by its significant stature, with an average plant height reaching approximately 15 m. It is classified as a terrestrial species, growing in land-based environments rather than aquatic or semiaquatic habitats. As an obligatory climber, it relies on external structures for upward growth, and its growth form is categorized as other, distinguishing it from typical herbs, shrubs, or standard trees. Furthermore, the plant functions as an independent organism, exhibiting no parasitic tendencies, and it maintains a terrestrial existence rather than acting as an epiphyte.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

obligatory

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

other

Parasite :

independent

Plant height mean:

15 m

Physiology

The physiology of Millettia extensa is characterized by its specific metabolic and nutritional processes, most notably its utilization of the C3 photosynthetic pathway for carbon fixation. As a C3 plant, it employs the enzyme Rubisco to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide directly into a three-carbon compound during the Calvin cycle, a process that dictates its efficiency and environmental adaptations. Furthermore, the plant exhibits a significant capacity for nitrogen acquisition through its role as a nitrogen fixer. By engaging in symbiotic relationships, typically with rhizobial bacteria within root nodules, it can convert atmospheric nitrogen into biologically available forms, thereby enhancing its nutrient uptake and supporting its growth in nitrogen-limited environments.

Nitrogen fixer :

yes

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Millettia extensa has 3 reported plant parts identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, stem, root.

Leaf

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine
2. Journal of natural products

Stem

1. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology
2. Journal of pharmacological sciences

Root

1. Journal of natural products

Chemicals

Millettia extensa has 1 reported phytochemicals identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include AURICULATIN.

AURICULATIN

1. ACS omega

Activities

Millettia extensa has 1 reported activities identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antibacterial.

Antibacterial

1. Journal of natural products

Conditions

Millettia extensa has 2 reported investigations on conditions identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include bacterial infections, skin diseases.

Bacterial infections

1. ACS omega

Skin diseases

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Preparations

Millettia extensa has 7 reported preparations identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include DCM and MeOH extracts, MeOH extract, acetone extract, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of the stem bark, leaf extracts.

Dcm and meoh extracts

1. Journal of pharmacological sciences

Meoh extract

1. Journal of pharmacological sciences

Acetone extract

1. RSC advances

Dichloromethane (dcm) and methanol (meoh) extracts of the stem bark

1. Journal of pharmacological sciences

Leaf extracts

1. Journal of natural products

Methanol soluble fraction

1. Journal of complementary & integrative medicine

Root extracts

1. Journal of natural products