chamomile
Matricaria chamomilla · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Extensive (1150 studies) · ★★★★★
Chamomile, scientifically known as Matricaria chamomilla, is a beloved medicinal herb celebrated for its soothing properties. Renowned for its delicate, daisy-like flowers, this plant is widely used in herbal teas and essential oils to reduce anxiety, aid digestion, and promote restful sleep, making it a staple in natural wellness.
Names
Common Names
- German chamomile
- German mayweed
- fragrant chamomile
- scented chamomile
- scented mayweed
- sweet-false chamomile
- wild chamomile
- Hungarian chamomile
- blue chamomile
- chamomile
- common chamomile
- matricaria
- sweet false chamomile
- true chamomile
- Annual Chamomile
- false chamomile
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- Manzanilla olorosa
- Manzanilla vulgar
- Manzanilla de Urgel
- Camamila del comercio
- Camamirla
- Matricaria hedionda
- Camamilda
- Matricaria suaveolens
- Manzanilla del huerto
- Manzanilla cimarrona
- Manzanilla de Aragón
- Manzanilla ordinaria
- Manzanilla alemana
- Matricaria loca
- Chrysanthemum chamomilla
- Bonina
- Chamomilla officinalis
- Manzanilla de Alemania
- Manzanilla blanca
- Magarza montesina
- Manzanilla bastarda
- Ojo de vaca
- Manzanilla de Aragon
- Chamomilla recutita
- Camamilla
- Ojo de bue
- Manzanilla de los corrales
- Matricaria recutita
- manzanilla
German:
- Echte Kamille
- Matricaria recutita
- Chamomilla recutita
- Kamille
- Kamille
French:
- Camomille Sauvage
- Petite camomille
- Camomille allemande
- Camomille vraie
- camomille allemande
- matricaire camomille
- petite camomille
- camomille vraie
- matricaire
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Matricaria chamomillaSynonyms
- Leucanthemum chamaemelum
- Chamomilla unilateralis
- Matricaria suaveolens f. macrocephala
- Matricaria recutita var. pappulosa
- Matricaria chamomilla subsp. pusilla
- Chamomilla meridionalis
- Matricaria tenuifolia f. nikolicii
- Matricaria chamomilla var. tenuis
- Matricaria chamomilla var. pappulosa
- Matricaria pusilla
- Matricaria coronata
- Matricaria bayeri
- Matricaria courrantiana
- Matricaria littoralis
- Matricaria exigua
- Matricaria obliqua
- Matricaria pyrethroides
- Matricaria tenuifolia
- Chamomilla recutita var. bayeri
- Matricaria chamomilla f. courrantiana
- Matricaria chamomilla var. recutita
- Matricaria recutita var. kochiana
- Matricaria recutita f. kochiana
- Matricaria capitellata
- Matricaria recutita var. coronata
- Matricaria chamomilla var. coronata
- Matricaria chamomilla var. pusilla
- Chamomilla recutita
- Matricaria chamomilla var. suaveolens
- Chrysanthemum chamomilla
- Chamaemelum chamomilla
- Chamomilla officinalis
- Matricaria chamomilla f. suaveolens
- Matricaria chamomilla f. kochiana
- Matricaria chamomilla subsp. courrantiana
- Matricaria chamomilla var. courrantiana
- Chamomilla courrantiana
- Chamomilla vulgaris
- Matricaria recutita
- Matricaria kochiana
Taxonomical Classification
This plant, Matricaria chamomilla, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is categorized under the order Asterales. Finally, it is classified under the family Asteraceae and the genus Matricaria.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Asterales | WCVP |
| Family | Asteraceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Matricaria | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant, known as Matricaria chamomilla, maintains a significant presence across various regions of Northern Europe. It can be found growing naturally within the landscapes of Denmark. Its distribution also extends to the northern territories of Finland. Furthermore, the species is commonly documented throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, it is a recognized part of the flora in Norway.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Denmark | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Finland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Great Britain | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Ireland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Norway | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Sweden | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Austria | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Belgium | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Czechia-Slovakia | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Germany | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, known scientifically as Matricaria chamomilla, is primarily utilized for its therapeutic properties found within its various aerial parts. The most significant medicinal component is found in the flowers, which are characterized by a distinct structure featuring yellow disc florets surrounded by prominent white ray florets. These blossoms are borne upon slender, herbaceous stems that support the overall growth of the plant's shoots.| Plant Part | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| flower | Biochemical pharmacology (and other 12 sources) | ★★★★★ |
| root | Food chemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| stem | Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Matricaria chamomilla has 216 reported phytochemicals identified across 14 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include apigenin, Flavonoids, Chamazulene, luteolin, CD.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| apigenin | 19 supporting sources | ★★★★★ |
| Flavonoids | 10 supporting sources | ★★★★★ |
| Chamazulene | 8 supporting sources | ★★★★☆ |
| luteolin | 7 supporting sources | ★★★★☆ |
| CD | 6 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| CHLOROGENIC ACID | 5 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| PB | 5 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| quercetin | 5 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| Terpenoids | 4 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Umbelliferone | 4 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
apigenin
- Dr. Duke
- Electrophoresis
- Biochemical pharmacology
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Phytochemical analysis : PCA
View 14 additional sources
- Talanta
- Research in pharmaceutical sciences
- Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
- Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences
- Therapeutics and clinical risk management
- Die Pharmazie
- Journal of medicinal food
- Planta medica
- Phytotherapy research : PTR
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Molecular and cellular biochemistry
- Molecular nutrition & food research
- Planta
Flavonoids
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Bollettino chimico farmaceutico
- Heliyon
- Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
- Journal of hazardous materials
View 5 additional sources
- Planta medica
- Frontiers in nutrition
- Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
- Journal of the American Nutrition Association
- Cadernos de saude publica
Chamazulene
- Dr. Duke
- Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
- Plant molecular biology
- BMC plant biology
View 3 additional sources
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Planta medica
- Natural product research
luteolin
- Dr. Duke
- Electrophoresis
- Talanta
- Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences
- Die Pharmazie
View 2 additional sources
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
CD
- Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
- Ceskoslovenska farmacie
- Journal of AOAC International
- Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences
- Environmental science and pollution research international
View 1 additional sources
- Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju
CHLOROGENIC ACID
- Dr. Duke
- Food chemistry
- Electrophoresis
- Nutritional neuroscience
- Journal of plant physiology
PB
- Ceskoslovenska farmacie
- Journal of AOAC International
- Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences
- Environmental science and pollution research international
- Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju
quercetin
- Dr. Duke
- Frontiers in plant science
- Electrophoresis
- Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences
- Journal of hazardous materials
Terpenoids
- BMC genomics
- Genomics
- Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
- Journal of the American Nutrition Association
Umbelliferone
- Dr. Duke
- Food chemistry
- Chemistry Central journal
- Journal of plant physiology
Activities
Matricaria chamomilla has 561 reported activities identified across 14 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Sedative, Analgesic.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant | Dr. Duke (and other 20 sources) | ★★★★★ |
| Antimicrobial | Dentistry journal (and other 11 sources) | ★★★★★ |
| Antibacterial | Dr. Duke (and other 7 sources) | ★★★★☆ |
| Sedative | Dr. Duke (and other 7 sources) | ★★★★☆ |
| Analgesic | Dr. Duke (and other 5 sources) | ★★★☆☆ |
| Anticancer | Dr. Duke (and other 5 sources) | ★★★☆☆ |
| Spasmolytic | Biochemical pharmacology (and other 4 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antiinflammatory | Dr. Duke (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antispasmodic | Dr. Duke (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Anxiolytic | Dr. Duke (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Matricaria chamomilla has 91 reported medicinal uses identified across 14 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, anxiety, pain, asthma.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| gastrointestinal disorders | Arzneimittel-Forschung (and other 7 sources) | ★★★★☆ |
| inflammation | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 6 sources) | ★★★☆☆ |
| anxiety | Revista gaucha de enfermagem (and other 4 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| pain | Complementary therapies in clinical practice (and other 4 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| asthma | Heliyon (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| insomnia | Environmental science and pollution research international (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| ulcerative colitis | Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| COVID-19 | Plants (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| common cold | PloS one (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cough | BMC complementary medicine and therapies (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| extracts | Electrophoresis (and other 7 sources) | ★★★★☆ |
| essential oils | Plants (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| ethanolic extracts | RSC advances (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| extract | Rivista di neurologia (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| flowers | Biological trace element research (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| methanolic extract | Phytochemical analysis : PCA (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 80% ethanol extracts | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Climex | Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Dried flowers | Biochemical pharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| EO | BMC complementary and alternative medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |