Markhamia stipulata

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Dolichandrone stipulata var. velutina
• Dolichandrone cauda-felina
• Markhamia cauda-felina
• Dolichandrone stipulata
• Spathodea velutina
• Markhamia stipulata var. canaense
• Markhamia pierrei
• Markhamia stipulata var. cauda-felina
• Markhamia stipulata var. pierrei
• Spathodea stipulata
• Spathodea cauda-felina
• Markhamia stipulata var. kerrii
• Dolichandrone stipulata var. kerrii
• Bignonia stipulata

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Under the subclass Magnoliidae, it falls into the order Lamiales and the family Bignoniaceae. Finally, it is categorized under the genus Markhamia, specifically as the species Markhamia stipulata.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a wide geographical distribution across several key regions in Asia. Within China, it can be found specifically in the South-Central and Southeast territories. Its range extends into the Indian Subcontinent, where it is documented in Bangladesh. Additionally, the species is present throughout parts of Indo-China. Specifically, it inhabits the countries of Cambodia and Laos.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Markhamia stipulata is characterized by its nature as a perennial plant, ensuring its presence in the ecosystem over multiple growing seasons. As a phanerophyte, it maintains its buds well above the ground level, typically manifesting as a tree or large shrub that can withstand various environmental conditions. The species exhibits a deciduous growth habit, undergoing a seasonal shedding of its foliage, which plays a critical role in its physiological cycle and adaptation to its habitat.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Markhamia stipulata is characterized by its stature as a large, woody tree, capable of reaching a significant plant height with a mean of approximately 20 m. As a self-supporting organism, it does not exhibit climbing behavior such as a liana or vine, nor does it function as an epiphyte or a parasite; instead, it maintains an independent life cycle as a terrestrial plant. Its structural integrity is defined by its woody nature, supporting its growth form as a substantial tree within its natural habitat.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height mean:

20 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Markhamia stipulata is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which governs its carbon fixation processes and metabolic efficiency. In terms of structural density, the plant exhibits a stem specific density (SSD) with a mean value of 675.5 mg/cm³, reflecting its internal tissue composition and mechanical strength. Furthermore, the species does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it lacks the symbiotic relationships or biological mechanisms necessary to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for growth.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Stem specific density (SSD) mean:

675.5 mg/cm³

Reproduction

Reproduction in Markhamia stipulata is facilitated through a complex life cycle that relies on specific mechanisms for seed dissemination and establishment. The primary dispersal syndrome for this species is anemochorous, meaning the seeds are primarily dispersed by wind, often aided by specialized structural adaptations that allow them to remain airborne over significant distances. While anemochory is the dominant mode, the species may also exhibit elements of other dispersal strategies within its ecological niche, including zoochorous (animal-mediated), autochorous (self-dispersal), hydrochorous (water-mediated), or unspecialized patterns depending on the environmental context. These diverse dispersal traits ensure that the seeds can reach varied habitats, reducing competition with the parent plant and promoting genetic spread across the landscape.

Dispersal syndrome :

anemochorous

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Markhamia stipulata has 4 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoids, Lignans, Phytosterols, Terpenoids.

Flavonoids

1. Pharmacognosy reviews

Lignans

1. Pharmacognosy reviews

Phytosterols

1. Pharmacognosy reviews

Terpenoids

1. Pharmacognosy reviews

Activities

Markhamia stipulata has 6 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Analgesic, Antifungal, Antiinflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antiviral.

Analgesic

1. Pharmacognosy reviews

Antifungal

1. Pharmacognosy reviews

Antiinflammatory

1. Pharmacognosy reviews

Antiprotozoal

1. Pharmacognosy reviews

Antiviral

1. Pharmacognosy reviews

Cytotoxic

1. Pharmacognosy reviews