Amur Maackia

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Amur Maackia
• Manchurian maackia

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Maackia amurensis subsp. buergeri
• Maackia amurensis var. buergeri
• Maackia buergeri
• Cladrastis amurensis
• Cladrastis amurensis var. buergeri
• Cladrastis buergeri
• Cladrastis amurensis var. vidalii
• Maackia amurensis var. stenocarpa

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Fabales, it is classified under the family Fabaceae. Finally, its specific taxonomic designation is within the genus Maackia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant, known as Maackia amurensis, exhibits a specific geographical distribution across several regions of Eastern Europe. Its presence can be documented within the borders of Belarus, where it occupies local habitats. The species is also found throughout Ukraine and the territories of South European Russia. Furthermore, its range extends into the areas of Central European Russia. Finally, the plant is recorded in the Krym region, completing its documented distribution in the area.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Maackia amurensis is characterized by its ability to thrive in diverse and transitional environmental settings. It is commonly found inhabiting forest edges, where it benefits from increased light availability compared to the dense forest interior, as well as along the banks of rivers and within swampy areas where moisture is more abundant. Additionally, this species demonstrates resilience in shrubberies and stony places, indicating an adaptability to varied soil textures and varying levels of drainage. This wide range of habitats suggests a robust ecological niche that allows it to occupy several successional stages and moisture gradients within its native landscape.

Habitat :

forest edges, rivers, shrubberies, stony places, swamps

Life history

The life history of Maackia amurensis is characterized by its nature as a perennial species, allowing it to persist in the environment through multiple growing seasons. As a deciduous plant, it undergoes a seasonal cycle of shedding its foliage, typically entering a period of dormancy during the colder months before regenerating new leaves in the spring. This cycle of growth and dormancy is central to its survival strategy within its natural habitat.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Maackia amurensis is characterized by a woody growth form, primarily manifesting as a tree or a large shrub. It functions as an independent organism, neither acting as a parasite nor an epiphyte, as it maintains a terrestrial existence across aquatic, semiaquatic, and terrestrial habitats. The plant displays a self-supporting climbing habit, often behaving like a liana or vine, which allows it to reach significant dimensions. In terms of vertical development, its stature typically ranges from a minimum height of 1.5 meters to a maximum height of approximately 5 meters.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

5 m

Plant height min:

1.5 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Maackia amurensis is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its metabolic processes and carbon fixation strategies. The plant's vegetative morphology features lanceolate leaf forms that are structured with entire leaf margins, ensuring a smooth edge without serration or lobing. Furthermore, the leaf anatomy is devoid of defensive structures, as it possesses no leaf thorns and no leaf spines, contributing to its specific morphological profile.

Leaf form :

lanceolate

Leaf margin :

entire

Leaf spines :

no

Leaf thorns :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Maackia amurensis is characterized by a specific seasonal flowering period and distinct seed characteristics. The plant's flowering cycle is concentrated in the month of July, with both the flowering start and flowering end occurring during this period. Following pollination, the plant produces seeds that exhibit a relatively uniform mass. The mean seed mass is recorded at approximately 0.036586667 g, with individual seed weights ranging from a minimum of 0.03216 g to a maximum of 0.0388 g.

Flowering time :

Jul

Seed mass max:

0.0388 g

Seed mass mean:

0.036586667 g

Seed mass min:

0.03216 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Maackia amurensis has 3 reported plant parts identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include stem, seed, leaf.

Stem

1. Fitoterapia
2. Natural product research
3. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Seed

1. Glycoconjugate journal
2. The Journal of biological chemistry

Leaf

1. Fitoterapia

Chemicals

Maackia amurensis has 12 reported phytochemicals identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include genistein, 2,3,5-TRIIODOBENZOIC ACID, Glycitein, Isoflavones, MAA.

genistein

1. Dr. Duke
2. Fitoterapia

2,3,5-TRIIODOBENZOIC ACID

1. Plant physiology

Glycitein

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Isoflavones

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

MAA

1. The Journal of biological chemistry

Medicarpin

1. Fitoterapia

Tectoridin

1. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Tectorigenin

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Zeatin

1. Plant physiology

daidzein

1. Fitoterapia

Activities

Maackia amurensis has 72 reported activities identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Abortifacient, Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor, Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor, Antiaggregant, Antiangiogenic.

Abortifacient

1. Dr. Duke

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

Antiaggregant

1. Dr. Duke

Antiangiogenic

1. Dr. Duke

Antiatherosclerotic

1. Dr. Duke

Anticancer (Breast)

1. Dr. Duke

Anticarcinomic (Breast)

1. Dr. Duke

Anticlimacteric

1. Dr. Duke

Antiendoccytotic

1. Dr. Duke

Conditions

Maackia amurensis has 4 reported investigations on conditions identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include arthritis, cancer, cholecystitis, hyperthyroidism.

Arthritis

1. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Cancer

1. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Cholecystitis

1. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Hyperthyroidism

1. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Preparations

Maackia amurensis has 5 reported preparations identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include 70% ethanol extract, stem bark, EtOH extract from heartwood, ethanolic extract of M. amurensis stem bark, ethyl acetate fraction.

70% ethanol extract

1. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica
2. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Stem bark

1. Natural product research
2. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Etoh extract from heartwood

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Ethanolic extract of m. amurensis stem bark

1. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Ethyl acetate fraction

1. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology