Lysimachia circaeoides

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Lysimachia circaeoides var. lyratifolia

Sources: Wikidata

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta within the class Equisetopsida. Following the subclass Magnoliidae, it is organized into the order Ericales and the family Primulaceae. Finally, it is identified by its genus, Lysimachia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant, known scientifically as Lysimachia circaeoides, exhibits a specific range within the Asian continent. Its natural habitat is primarily concentrated within the vast territories of China. More specifically, its presence is documented across the China South-Central region. Additionally, the species can be found thriving throughout the China Southeast area. Therefore, its geographical distribution is limited to these particular eastern and southern Chinese provinces.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Lysimachia circaeoides is characterized by its specific distribution within distinct altitudinal gradients. This species thrives within a defined elevational range, typically found at altitudes starting from a minimum of 600 m AMSL. As the terrain ascends, the plant maintains a presence through a mean elevation of approximately 900 m AMSL, reaching its upper limit at a maximum elevation of 1200 m AMSL. This vertical distribution suggests an adaptation to the specific temperature, moisture, and atmospheric conditions found within these montane or sub-montane zones.

Elevational range max:

1200 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

900 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

600 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Lysimachia circaeoides is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. As a perennial species, it avoids the complete mortality associated with annuals or the transitional stages of biennials, instead focusing on long-term survival through established root systems. This lifecycle enables the plant to re-emerge and occupy its ecological niche year after year, contributing to its stability within its native habitats.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Lysimachia circaeoides is characterized by a growth form classified as a herb or forb, exhibiting a non-woody structure throughout its development. This plant functions as an independent organism, neither acting as a parasite nor an epiphyte, as it maintains a primarily terrestrial existence, though it can occupy aquatic or semiaquatic habitats depending on environmental conditions. Regarding its structural habit, it is a self-supporting plant rather than a climber, meaning it does not utilize lianas or vines to ascend, but instead maintains its own posture through its herbaceous stems.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Parasite :

independent

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiological development of Lysimachia circaeoides is characterized by distinct morphological dimensions of its foliage, which play a critical role in its photosynthetic efficiency and water regulation. The leaves exhibit a significant range in size, with a mean leaf length of 7.5 cm, extending from a minimum of 5 cm to a maximum length of 10 cm. This longitudinal variation is complemented by a specific width profile, where the mean leaf width is recorded at 2.25 cm, fluctuating between a minimum of 1.5 cm and a maximum of 3 cm. These structural parameters indicate a specialized surface-area-to-volume ratio that facilitates gas exchange and light absorption within its typical ecological niche.

Leaf length max:

10 cm

Leaf length mean:

7.5 cm

Leaf length min:

5 cm

Leaf width max:

3 cm

Leaf width mean:

2.25 cm

Leaf width min:

1.5 cm

Reproduction

The reproduction of Lysimachia circaeoides is characterized by the production of specialized fruit structures and minute seeds. The fruit of this species is consistently uniform in its dimensions, maintaining a mean, minimum, and maximum length of 0.3 cm. Similarly, the fruit width displays complete uniformity, with mean, minimum, and maximum values all measured at 0.3 cm, resulting in a compact, spherical or near-spherical shape. Within these fruits, the seeds are exceptionally small and lightweight; the seed mass is remarkably consistent across the population, with a mean, minimum, and maximum mass recorded at 0.00019 g. This combination of small, standardized fruit dimensions and minuscule seed mass facilitates the plant's reproductive dispersal mechanisms.

Fruit length max:

0.3 cm

Fruit width max:

0.3 cm

Seed mass mean:

0.00019 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Lysimachia circaeoides has 8 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include BETA-SITOSTEROL, Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside, RUTIN, beta-Daucosterol.

BETA-SITOSTEROL

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

RUTIN

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

beta-Daucosterol

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

kaempferol

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

luteolin

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

quercetin

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Preparations