Yellow lupin

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Annual Yellow-lupin
• European Yellow Lupine
• Yellow Lupin
• Yellow Lupine
• annual yellow lupin
• Yellow Sweet Lupin

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Lupinus luteus var. ramosus
• Lupinus luteus var. albicans
• Lupinus luteus var. arcellus
• Lupinus luteus var. leucospermus
• Lupinus luteus var. aureus
• Lupinus luteus var. kazimierskii
• Lupinus luteus subvar. chloroticus
• Lupinus luteus var. citrinus
• Lupinus luteus f. compactus
• Lupinus luteus var. cremeus
• Lupinus luteus var. croceus
• Lupinus luteus var. aurantiacus
• Lupinus luteus var. ochroleucus
• Lupinus luteus f. bernatzkayae
• Lupinus niger
• Lupinus luteus f. ucrainicus
• Lupinus luteus f. volovnenkoae
• Lupinus luteus subvar. leucospermus
• Lupinus luteus f. lukasheviczii
• Lupinus luteus var. maculosus
• Lupinus luteus var. melanospermus
• Lupinus luteus var. niger
• Lupinus luteus subvar. ochroleucus
• Lupinus luteus f. golovczenkoi
• Lupinus luteus var. sempolovskii
• Lupinus luteus var. sinskayae
• Lupinus luteus var. stepanovae
• Lupinus luteus var. sulphureus
• Lupinus luteus subvar. taranuchoi

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. As a member of the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Fabales, it is classified under the family Fabaceae. Finally, it is identified by its genus, Lupinus, specifically as the species Lupinus luteus.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a diverse range of habitats across the European continent. In Northern Europe, its presence can be identified within Great Britain. Moving into Middle Europe, the species is widely distributed through Germany and Belgium. It also maintains a significant footprint across the Czechia-Slovakia region. Finally, its geographical reach extends further into the landscapes of Hungary.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Lupinus luteus is characterized by its adaptability to diverse landscapes, ranging from sea-level environments to higher altitudes. It thrives in coastal habitats, where it can withstand the unique environmental pressures of maritime zones. In terms of vertical distribution, the species occupies an elevational range that begins at 0 m AMSL and extends up to a maximum elevation of 1000 m AMSL.

Elevational range max:

1000 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Habitat :

Coastal

Life history

The life history of Lupinus luteus is characterized by an annual lifecycle, meaning the plant completes its entire developmental sequence from germination to seed production within a single growing season. In terms of its botanical classification regarding growth habits, it is categorized as a therophyte, a life form that survives the unfavorable seasons primarily in the form of seeds. This strategy allows the species to persist in various environments by avoiding dormant periods as a vegetative body, instead relying on the dispersal and subsequent germination of its seeds to initiate each new generation.

Life form :

therophyte

Lifecycle :

annual

Morphology

The morphology of Lupinus luteus is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb and forb. As a terrestrial plant, it functions as an independent organism rather than a parasite or epiphyte. The plant exhibits an ascending shoot orientation and is a self-supporting species, lacking any climbing or vine-like tendencies. In terms of stature, it is a relatively low-growing plant with a height that ranges from a minimum of 0.2 m to a maximum of 1 m, maintaining a mean plant height of approximately 0.505 m.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Growth form :

forb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

1 m

Plant height mean:

0.505 m

Plant height min:

0.2 m

Shoot orientation :

ascending

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Lupinus luteus is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway and a highly efficient nutrient acquisition strategy, notably functioning as a nitrogen fixer through symbiotic relationships. Its foliage exhibits significant morphological variability, with individual leaves presenting an elliptic form and measuring between a minimum length of 2 cm and a maximum length of 7 cm. The width of these leaves ranges from a minimum of 0.8 cm to a maximum of 1.5 cm, resulting in a mean leaf size of approximately 40.1049 cm². Furthermore, the plant maintains a mean Specific Leaf Area (SLA) of 253.7 cm²/g, reflecting its resource allocation patterns regarding leaf thickness and surface area. As a non-carnivorous species, it relies on its specialized nitrogen-fixing capabilities and standard photosynthetic processes rather than the capture of prey to sustain its metabolic requirements.

Carnivory :

non-carnivorous

Leaf form :

elliptic

Leaf length max:

7 cm

Leaf length min:

2 cm

Leaf size mean:

40.1049 cm²

Leaf width max:

1.5 cm

Leaf width min:

0.8 cm

Nitrogen fixer :

yes

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Specific Leaf Area (SLA) mean:

253.7 cm²/g

Reproduction

The reproduction of Lupinus luteus is characterized by a primarily sexual process through bisexual flowers, with asexual reproduction being absent. The plant features yellow flowers that exhibit a biotic pollination syndrome, specifically relying on bees and other insects for fertilization; notably, self-fertilization is absent in this species. The flowering period is highly variable, spanning from December through August. The reproductive structures include inflorescences that range in length from 0.05 m to 0.25 m. Following pollination, the plant develops fruit in the form of a pod, with dimensions typically ranging from 4 cm to 6 cm in length and 1 cm to 1.2 cm in width. These pods are prolific, containing between 101 and 1000 seeds per fruit. The individual seeds possess a mean width of 7 mm and a mean mass of approximately 0.1277 g, with weights varying between a minimum of 0.08221 g and a maximum of 0.155 g. Dispersal of the seeds is categorized as unspecialized, though it also exhibits anthropochorous tendencies, meaning it can be spread via human activity.

Dispersal syndrome :

unspecialized

Dispersal syndrome :

anthropochorous

Flower colour :

yellow

Flowering time :

Dec

Flowering time :

Aug

Fruit length max:

6 cm

Fruit length mean:

5 cm

Fruit length min:

4 cm

Fruit type :

pod

Fruit width max:

1.2 cm

Fruit width min:

1 cm

Inflorescence length max:

0.25 m

Inflorescence length min:

0.05 m

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

bee

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Reproduction asexual :

absent

Reproduction sexual :

bisexual

Seed mass max:

0.155 g

Seed mass mean:

0.12771772225 g

Seed mass min:

0.08221 g

Seed width mean:

7 mm

Seeds_per_fruit :

101-1000

Self fertilization :

absent

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Lupinus luteus has 41 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Isoleucine, (2S)-Naringenin, 1-Methyladenosine, 17-Oxolupanine, 5-Methylcytosine.

Isoleucine

1. Acta biochimica Polonica
2. Archiv fur Tierernahrung

(2S)-Naringenin

1. Phytochemistry

1-Methyladenosine

1. Molecular biology reports

17-Oxolupanine

1. Journal of environmental pathology and toxicology

5-Methylcytosine

1. Molecular biology reports

ANAGYRINE

1. Journal of environmental pathology and toxicology

Acid phosphatase

1. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics

Alcohol dehydrogenase

1. Acta biochimica Polonica

AquaMet

1. European journal of biochemistry

DL-METHIONINE

1. Archivos latinoamericanos de nutricion

Activities

Lupinus luteus has 72 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Abortifacient, Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor, Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor, Antiaggregant, Antiangiogenic.

Abortifacient

1. Dr. Duke

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

Antiaggregant

1. Dr. Duke

Antiangiogenic

1. Dr. Duke

Antiatherosclerotic

1. Dr. Duke

Anticancer (Breast)

1. Dr. Duke

Anticarcinomic (Breast)

1. Dr. Duke

Anticlimacteric

1. Dr. Duke

Antiendoccytotic

1. Dr. Duke

Medicinal Uses

Lupinus luteus has 1 reported medicinal uses identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include hepatitis B virus.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations