What to know about Lespedeza capitata (bush clover) before using it medicinally

Lespedeza capitata, commonly known as bush clover, is a herb that has been prized for its health benefits, which include reducing inflammation, improving cardiovascular health, and acting as an antioxidant.

It is a low-maintenance plant that is easy to grow and requires minimal care, making it a popular choice for gardeners and landscapers. From a botanical standpoint, Lespedeza capitata is a member of the Fabaceae family and is characterized by its clusters of small, purple flowers and its trifoliate leaves.

In traditional Chinese medicine, bush clover has been used for centuries to treat a range of ailments, including digestive problems and fever.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Lespedeza capitata.

What are the medicinal properties of Lespedeza capitata?

Lespedeza capitata helps with anxiety, insomnia, and menopausal symptoms. It is used to reduce stress, promote relaxation, and balance the body's energy. Its anti-inflammatory properties also alleviate menstrual cramps and other pain-related conditions.

Its active constituents, such as isoflavones and flavonoids, give it its medicinal properties. These compounds have been shown to have estrogen-like effects, which contribute to its ability to alleviate menopausal symptoms. Isoflavones have also been found to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

The aerial parts of the plant, particularly the leaves and flowers, are most used for medicinal purposes. They are commonly used to make teas, infusions, and tinctures, which are taken internally to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety. The roots are also used in some traditional medicine practices.

When used improperly, Lespedeza capitata may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It may also interact with certain medications, including blood thinners and hormone replacement therapy medications. Excessive consumption may lead to estrogen dominance.

Precautions when using Lespedeza capitata medicinally include consulting with a healthcare professional before use, especially for women with estrogen-sensitive conditions. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid using it. Also, individuals with kidney or liver disease should use it under medical supervision.

What are the horticulural aspects of Lespedeza capitata?

Lespedeza capitata grow in full sun to partial shade and thrive in well-drained soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. It tolerates a wide range of soils but prefers slightly acidic to neutral soils. Bush clover can grow in USDA zones 4-9.

To plant bush clover, choose a location with good air circulation, as it is susceptible to root rot. Plant seedlings 12-18 inches apart in the spring or fall, and water thoroughly after planting. Fertilize lightly in the spring with a balanced fertilizer. Prune established plants in late winter or early spring to maintain shape and promote new growth.

Bush clover flowers from mid-summer to early fall, with a peak bloom period of 6-8 weeks. Harvest the flowers in the morning, when they are fully open and still wet with dew. Use scissors or pinch off individual flowers to collect the seed pods. Dry the seed pods on a paper bag or in a warm, dry place.

Common pests that affect bush clover include Japanese beetles, aphids, and spider mites. Common diseases include powdery mildew, leaf spot, and root rot. Regularly inspect plants for signs of pests and diseases, and apply integrated pest management techniques as necessary to maintain healthy plants.

What are the botanical aspects of Lespedeza capitata?

Lespedeza capitata is a perennial legume native to North America. It grows 2-3 feet tall with a spread of 3-5 feet, producing multiple stems from a woody base. Leaves are trifoliate, 1-2 inches long, with leaflets being elliptic in shape.

Taxonomically, Lespedeza capitata belongs to the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, and tribe Lespedzeae. It is further classified into the genus Lespedeza, section Lespedeza, and species L. capitata. Its closest relatives are the Lespedeza species in Asia.

Lespedeza capitata has several variants, including L. capitata var. capitata and L. capitata var. glabrata. The latter is characterized by its glabrous (hairless) leaves and stems. The two varieties differ in their geographical distribution and habitat preferences.

Lespedeza capitata is native to eastern North America, including the United States and southeastern Canada. It grows in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, savannas, and rocky outcrops. It is commonly found in well-drained soils with full sun to partial shade.

Lespedeza capitata is a self-pollinating plant with a lifespan of several years. It flowers in mid-summer, producing pink or purple flowers in clusters. The flowers are followed by 4-8 inch long seed pods, which contain 4-6 seeds each. The seeds are dispersed through wind and water, allowing the plant to spread and establish itself in new areas.

What are the historical aspects of Lespedeza capitata?

Lespedeza capitata is an ancient plant with a rich history of use in traditional medicine, food, and textiles. Its leaves, seeds, and stems have been utilized for centuries to treat various ailments, from fever to skin conditions. In some cultures, it's been used as a dye plant.

In ancient Chinese mythology, Lespedeza capitata was associated with the legend of the Eight Immortals, one of whom, He Xiangu, was said to have used its flowers to create a magical elixir. In Japan, it's mentioned in the classic novel "The Tale of Genji" as a symbol of love and devotion. In some African cultures, it's considered a sacred plant.

Lespedeza capitata has been imbued with various symbolic meanings across cultures. In East Asia, it's often associated with good fortune, prosperity, and longevity. In Europe, it's seen as a symbol of fertility and abundance. In some Indigenous American communities, it's revered for its spiritual and medicinal properties.

Historical texts document Lespedeza capitata's uses in traditional medicine and agriculture. The ancient Chinese medical text "Shennong Ben Cao Jing" describes its properties and applications. In the 18th century, European botanists wrote about its potential as a natural dye and fertilizer. In the 19th century, American settlers used its seeds as a cover crop and for erosion control.

Archaeological findings have uncovered Lespedeza capitata's presence in various historical artifacts. In ancient Chinese tombs, its seeds and fibers have been found. In Native American burial sites, its seeds and other plant materials have been discovered. In European textiles, its natural dyes have been identified, demonstrating its widespread use as a coloring agent.