By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 20, 2024
What to know about Lavandula angustifolia before using it medicinally
Lavandula angustifolia, commonly known as English lavender, is a herb that has been traditionally used to alleviate symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness, as well as to treat mild to moderate depression.
The main health benefits of this herb include its ability to promote relaxation, reduce stress levels, and improve sleep quality. The main therapeutic properties of Lavandula angustifolia include its sedative, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to its wide range of medicinal uses. The herb contains several bioactive compounds, including linalool, linalyl acetate, and camphor, which are responsible for its therapeutic effects.
People often make tea, essential oil, and topical preparations from the herb, such as lavender oil, which is commonly used in aromatherapy and skincare products.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)", Lavandula angustifolia has been found to exhibit various beneficial properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which can contribute to overall well-being. The internal use of it has been shown to relieve symptoms of mental stress and insomnia, while also supporting digestion. Additionally, its topical use in aromatherapy has been known to provide relief for neuralgia and other conditions.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Lavandula angustifolia, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Lavandula angustifolia provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Anxiety, Insomnia, Stress, Headaches, Digestive issues, Skin irritation, Wound healing, Nausea, Muscle spasms, Headache |
| Benefits | Reduces anxiety, Improves sleep quality, Relieves pain symptoms, Cools inflammation processes, Kills bacteria cells, Eases digestion issues, Enhances mental clarity, Reduces skin irritations, Soothes muscle tension, Supports hormone balance |
| Properties | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anxiolytic, Sedative, Pain relief, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Hypotensive, Anticonvulsant |
| Constituents | Linalool, Linalyl acetate, Rosmarinic acid, Apigenin, Geraniol, Lavandulol, Caryophyllene, Caffeic acid, Beta-caryophyllene, Luteolin |
| Parts | Flowers, Leaves |
| Preparations | Essential oil, Tincture, Salve, Suppository |
| Side Effects | Experiencing allergic reactions, Developing skin irritations, Interacting with medications, Hypersensitizing the skin, Experiencing gastrointestinal issues, Having respiratory problems, Increasing bleeding risk, Inducing sedation, Lowering blood pressure, Suppressing the immune system |
| Precaution | Consult a healthcare professional, Determine pregnancy status, Monitor blood sugar levels, Avoid excessive consumption, Be aware of interactions, Watch for allergic reactions, Use in moderation, Avoid with certain medications, Store properly, Follow recommended dosages |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Lavandula angustifolia. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Lavandula angustifolia?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Lavandula angustifolia?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Lavandula angustifolia?
- What are the major healing constituents of Lavandula angustifolia?
- What are the most used parts of Lavandula angustifolia in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Lavandula angustifolia?
- What are the possible side effects of Lavandula angustifolia if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Lavandula angustifolia medicinally?
- Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Lavandula angustifolia?
- Related herbs to Lavandula angustifolia?
What are the main medicinal uses of Lavandula angustifolia?
The main medicinal uses of Lavandula angustifolia are the relief of anxiety symptoms due to its high content of linalool and linalyl acetate, which have anxiolytic effects by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters.
This plant is also used to treat insomnia, as the same constituents help regulate the sleep-wake cycle by interacting with the body's circadian rhythms. Lavandula angustifolia has been traditionally used to alleviate digestive issues, such as bloating and cramps, caused by its ability to reduce spasms in the gastrointestinal tract, a property attributed to its high content of borneol and camphor. Additionally, the essential oil extracted from the plant has been shown to accelerate wound healing and reduce skin irritation by promoting tissue regeneration and reducing inflammation, respectively.
Furthermore, Lavandula angustifolia has been used to treat menstrual cramps, sleep disorders, wounds, pain relief, and stress by modulating the body's response to these conditions through its various bioactive compounds.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Lavandula angustifolia.
The list below provide more details on why Lavandula angustifolia is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Anxiety: Its essential oils, particularly linalool and linalyl acetate, have been shown to have anxiolytic effects, reducing anxiety and stress levels by promoting relaxation and reducing muscle tension.
- Insomnia: The calming effects of its essential oils can help individuals fall asleep and improve the quality of sleep by reducing stress and anxiety, promoting relaxation, and regulating sleep patterns.
- Stress: The essential oils of this plant have been found to have stress-reducing properties, promoting relaxation and reducing cortisol levels, which can help alleviate symptoms of stress and anxiety.
- Headaches: The pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties of its essential oils can help alleviate headache pain by reducing inflammation and relaxing tense muscles, making it a popular remedy for migraines and tension headaches.
- Digestive Issues: Its essential oils have been found to have anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties, which can help alleviate digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nausea, and abdominal pain by reducing inflammation and relaxing the muscles in the digestive tract.
- Skin Irritation: The anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties of its essential oils can help soothe and calm irritated skin, reducing redness and inflammation, and promoting wound healing by preventing infection and promoting tissue repair.
- Wound Healing: Its essential oils have been found to have antiseptic and antimicrobial properties, which can help prevent infection and promote wound healing by reducing bacterial growth and promoting tissue repair.
- Nausea: The anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties of its essential oils can help alleviate nausea by reducing inflammation and relaxing the muscles in the digestive tract, making it a popular remedy for motion sickness and other forms of nausea.
- Muscle Spasms: The antispasmodic properties of its essential oils can help relax tense muscles, reducing muscle spasms and cramps, and promoting relaxation, making it a popular remedy for muscle tension and soreness.
- Headache: The pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties of its essential oils can help alleviate headache pain by reducing inflammation and relaxing tense muscles, making it a popular remedy for migraines and tension headaches.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Lavandula angustifolia, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Insomnia, Anxiety, Headaches, Skin Irritations, Wound Healing, Nausea, Wounds, Insect Bites, Muscle Spasms, Acne, Stress, Rheumatism, Digestive Issues, Menstrual Cramps, Burns, Muscle Tension, Depression, Eczema, Migraines, Restlessness |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Anxiety, Insomnia, Stress, Skin Irritation, Headaches, Digestive Issues, Wound Healing, Muscle Spasms, Headache, Nausea, Insect Bites, Eczema, Burns, Wounds, Rheumatism, Migraines, Inflammation, Pain, Muscle Tension, Muscle Relaxation |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Anxiety, Insomnia, Headaches, Skin Irritation, Digestive Issues, Wound Healing, Stress, Nausea, Insect Bites, Menstrual Cramps, Muscle Tension, Sleep Disorders, Stress Relief, Skin Irritations, Muscle Spasms, Rheumatism, Muscle Spasm, Eczema, Pain Relief, Pain |
| Unani Medicine | Anxiety, Insomnia, Digestive Issues, Skin Irritation, Stress, Rheumatism, Muscle Spasms, Headache, Wound Healing, Headaches, Nausea, Eczema, Wounds, Muscle Tension, Asthma, Migraine, Insect Bites, Migraines, Wound Infection, Burns |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Insomnia, Anxiety, Stress, Digestive Issues, Nausea, Skin Irritation, Headaches, Headache, Wound Healing, Eczema, Acne, Muscle Spasms, Muscle Tension, Insect Bites, Skin Irritations, Menstrual Cramps, Muscle Pain, Digestion, Rashes, Restless Leg Syndrome |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Lavandula angustifolia is used to treat insomnia, anxiety, headaches and skin irritations through its anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory properties.
The plant's antiseptic and antimicrobial properties also make it effective for wound healing, while its antiemetic properties help alleviate nausea. Additionally, Lavandula angustifolia is used to treat various dermatological conditions, including eczema, acne, and insect bites, as well as muscular issues such as muscle spasms, restlessness and muscle tension. The plant is also used to alleviate digestive issues, menstrual cramps, rheumatism and migraines.
Furthermore, Lavandula angustifolia is used to treat burns, depression and is also effective for wound treatment, including wound healing and treating wounds.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Lavandula angustifolia is used to treat various health conditions.
Anxiety, stress, and insomnia are commonly alleviated with the plant's sedative properties, promoting relaxation and reducing symptoms. Lavandula angustifolia is also employed to treat skin irritation, headaches, digestive issues, wound healing, muscle spasms, and nausea, as well as insect bites, eczema, and burns. Its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties make it effective in addressing rheumatism, migraines, inflammation, pain, and muscle tension.
Additionally, the plant is used to promote muscle relaxation, aid in wound healing, and soothe skin irritations such as eczema and burns.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Lavandula angustifolia is used to treat anxiety by reducing the levels of stress hormones, insomnia by regulating the sleep-wake cycle, headaches by relieving tension in the scalp and neck muscles, and skin irritation by reducing inflammation and promoting wound healing.
Additionally, it is used to alleviate digestive issues, such as nausea and menstrual cramps, by regulating the gut and hormonal balance. Lavandula angustifolia also helps with stress relief, reducing muscle tension and promoting relaxation, which in turn can help with sleep disorders and insect bites. Furthermore, it is used to treat eczema, muscle spasms, and rheumatism by reducing inflammation and promoting pain relief, which can also help with pain, headaches, and muscle tension.
Its anti-inflammatory properties also aid in wound healing, making it a versatile treatment for various health conditions.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Lavandula angustifolia is used to alleviate anxiety, insomnia, and digestive issues by regulating the nervous system and promoting relaxation.
The essential oil extracted from this plant is also applied topically to soothe skin irritation and relieve stress, which may contribute to various other conditions such as rheumatism, muscle spasms, and headache. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties aid in wound healing, while also providing relief from nausea and eczema. Furthermore, its antiseptic properties are used to treat wounds, and its analgesic properties help to ease muscle tension, asthma, and migraines, as well as alleviate the symptoms of insect bites and wound infection.
Its anti-inflammatory properties also aid in healing burns and migraines, reducing the risk of infection and promoting tissue repair.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Lavandula angustifolia is used to treat various health conditions.
It is often used to alleviate insomnia, anxiety, and stress, promoting relaxation and reducing emotional turmoil. Additionally, its calming properties can also help with digestive issues, nausea, and skin irritation, while its anti-inflammatory properties make it an effective treatment for headaches and wound healing. Furthermore, Lavandula angustifolia is used to treat eczema, acne, and insect bites, as well as muscle spasms, menstrual cramps, and muscle pain, by reducing inflammation and promoting relaxation.
It also has antiseptic and antifungal properties, making it effective against rashes, digestion issues, and skin irritations, while also providing relief for restless leg syndrome.
What are the primary health benefits of Lavandula angustifolia?
Lavandula angustifolia reduces anxiety by modulating the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, promoting a sense of calm and relaxation.
This plant improves sleep quality by inducing a sedative effect, regulating the body's circadian rhythms and promoting deeper sleep. Lavandula angustifolia relieves pain symptoms by inhibiting the production of pain-causing chemicals, such as prostaglandins, and by releasing pain-relieving compounds like linalool. It cools inflammation processes by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing redness and swelling.
Additionally, Lavandula angustifolia kills bacteria cells by disrupting their cell membranes and interfering with their metabolic processes, eases digestion issues by relaxing the muscles in the digestive tract, enhances mental clarity by stimulating the brain's alpha waves, reduces skin irritations by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators, soothes muscle tension by relaxing the muscles and reducing muscle spasms, and supports hormone balance by regulating the body's hormonal systems, thereby maintaining homeostasis.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Lavandula angustifolia.
The list below provides more details on why Lavandula angustifolia offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Reduces Anxiety: This benefit is attributed to the plant's content of linalool and linalyl acetate, which are known to have a calming effect on the nervous system, reducing anxiety and stress levels.
- Improves Sleep Quality: The plant's ability to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation is also believed to contribute to improved sleep quality, as a calm mind and body are more likely to fall into a restful and rejuvenating sleep.
- Relieves Pain Symptoms: The plant's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, particularly due to the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate, help to relieve pain symptoms, making it a popular natural remedy for managing chronic pain.
- Cools Inflammation Processes: The plant's anti-inflammatory compounds, such as linalool and linalyl acetate, have been shown to reduce inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus cooling inflammation processes in the body.
- Kills Bacteria Cells: The plant's essential oils, including linalool and linalyl acetate, have been found to exhibit antimicrobial properties, effectively killing bacteria cells and preventing their growth, making it a natural remedy for infections.
- Eases Digestion Issues: The plant's ability to reduce inflammation and relax the digestive system is believed to contribute to eased digestion issues, such as bloating, cramps, and indigestion, by promoting a healthy gut environment.
- Enhances Mental Clarity: The plant's stimulating and invigorating properties, particularly due to the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate, help to enhance mental clarity and focus, making it a popular natural remedy for improving cognitive function.
- Reduces Skin Irritations: The plant's anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, particularly due to the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate, help to reduce skin irritations, such as redness, itching, and swelling, making it a popular natural remedy for skin issues.
- Soothes Muscle Tension: The plant's relaxing and calming effects, particularly due to the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate, help to soothe muscle tension and promote relaxation, making it a popular natural remedy for managing muscle spasms and cramps.
- Supports Hormone Balance: The plant's ability to regulate the body's hormonal response, particularly due to the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate, helps to support hormone balance, making it a popular natural remedy for managing hormonal imbalances and related symptoms.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Lavandula angustifolia for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Improves Blood Flow, Lowers Blood Pressure, Reduces Inflammation, Promotes Circulation, Enhances Vasodilation, Soothes Blood Vessels, Stabilizes Blood Cells, Boosts Oxygenation, Relaxes Blood Vessels, Regulates Heart Rate |
| Digestive System | Soothes Digestive Issues, Reduces Inflammation, Improves Gut Motility, Enhances Digestive Enzymes, Relaxes Intestinal Muscles, Boosts Probiotic Growth, Alleviates Bloating Symptoms, Calms Irritable Bowel, Relieves Abdominal Pain, Improves Nutrient Absorption |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Hormones, Suppresses Cortisol, Lowers Stress, Improves Insulin, Balances Thyroid, Reduces Inflammation, Stabilizes Adrenaline, Promotes Relaxation, Enhances Metabolism, Supports Reproductive |
| Integumentary System | Soothes Skin Irritations, Reduces Acne Breakouts, Calms Eczema Symptoms, Relaxes Muscle Tension, Fades Scars Quickly, Heals Wounds Faster, Reduces Inflammation, Protects Skin Barrier, Improves Skin Elasticity, Enhances Skin Texture |
| Lymphatic System | Boosts Lymphatic Flow, Reduces Inflammation Quickly, Stimulates Detoxification, Enhances Immune Response, Promotes Wound Healing, Improves Circulation, Fights Infections Rapidly, Regulates Hormone Balance, Supports Antibody Production, Reduces Swelling Quickly |
| Musculoskeletal System | Reduces Inflammation, Relaxes Muscles, Eases Pain, Improves Flexibility, Soothes Joints, Calms Tension, Decreases Swelling, Relieves Stress, Improves Mobility, Enhances Recovery |
| Nervous System | Reduces Stress, Regulates Anxiety, Calms Nervousness, Relaxes Muscles, Improves Sleep, Enhances Focus, Boosts Mood, Reduces Pain, Decreases Inflammation, Supports Relaxation |
| Reproductive System | Regulates Ovulation, Reduces Menstrual, Relaxes Reproductive, Reduces Endometriosis, Stimulates Fertility, Boosts Libido, Eases Menopause, Reduces Pms, Improves Hormone, Supports Pregnancy |
| Respiratory System | Reduces Inflammation, Relaxes Airways, Soothes Coughs, Cools Down, Eases Congestion, Stabilizes Breathing, Fights Infections, Calms Asthma, Protects Lungs, Prevents Bronchitis |
| Urinary System | Reduces Urine Retention, Soothes Bladder Irritation, Relaxes Prostate Tissue, Regulates Bladder Function, Eases Urinary Frequency, Alleviates Interstitial Cystitis, Cures Urinary Tract Infections, Treats Prostatitis Symptoms, Prevents Kidney Stone Formation, Supports Urinary Tract Health |
Circulatory System
Lavandula angustifolia improves blood flow by promoting the relaxation of blood vessels and enhancing vasodilation, allowing for increased blood circulation and delivery of oxygen to tissues.
This improvement in circulation is also associated with lower blood pressure, which Lavandula angustifolia achieves through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that help regulate the contraction and relaxation of the heart. Lavandula angustifolia reduces inflammation in blood vessels, which in turn promotes circulation and soothes blood vessels, creating a stable environment for blood cells to function properly. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of Lavandula angustifolia also stabilize blood cells, preventing them from adhering to the walls of blood vessels and reducing the risk of blood clots.
By promoting circulation, reducing inflammation, and stabilizing blood cells, Lavandula angustifolia boosts oxygenation of tissues and regulates heart rate, creating a balanced circulatory system.
The medicinal benefits of Lavandula angustifolia on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Hypertension
- Varicose veins
- Atherosclerosis
- Raynaud's disease
- Cardiac arrhythmia
Digestive System
Lavandula angustifolia soothes digestive issues by exerting its antimicrobial properties to eliminate pathogens in the gut, reducing inflammation in the digestive tract, and relaxing intestinal muscles.
It improves gut motility, allowing food to move through the digestive system at a normal rate, and enhances digestive enzymes, facilitating the breakdown of nutrients into smaller molecules. Lavandula angustifolia also boosts probiotic growth, which is essential for maintaining a healthy gut microbiome, and alleviates bloating symptoms by reducing the accumulation of gas in the digestive system. Furthermore, this plant calms irritable bowel syndrome by regulating bowel movements and alleviating abdominal pain, allowing for improved nutrient absorption through the optimization of gut function.
Additionally, the antioxidant properties of Lavandula angustifolia reduce oxidative stress in the digestive system, preventing damage to the intestinal lining and promoting a healthy digestive environment.
The medicinal benefits of Lavandula angustifolia on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Nausea
- Indigestion
- Bloating
- Constipation
- Hiccups
Endocrine System
Lavandula angustifolia regulates hormones by modulating the endocrine system's response to stress and promoting balance, which is attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Suppressing cortisol levels is a key function of Lavandula angustifolia, achieved through its ability to inhibit the production of cortisol in the adrenal gland, ultimately lowering stress levels. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Lavandula angustifolia also contribute to reducing inflammation and promoting relaxation by decreasing the body's production of stress hormones. By regulating blood sugar levels and enhancing insulin sensitivity, Lavandula angustifolia improves insulin function, while its antimicrobial properties help balance thyroid function by reducing the presence of pathogens that can disrupt thyroid hormones.
The antioxidant and adaptogenic properties of Lavandula angustifolia stabilize adrenaline levels, support reproductive health, and enhance metabolism, further contributing to its overall therapeutic benefits.
The medicinal benefits of Lavandula angustifolia on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Adrenal fatigue
- Hypothyroidism
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Stress
- Endometriosis
- Menopause
- Hormonal imbalance
Integumentary System
Lavandula angustifolia soothes skin irritations due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which reduce redness and prevent infection.
This plant also reduces acne breakouts by controlling sebum production and inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, a bacterium associated with acne. Additionally, Lavandula angustifolia calms eczema symptoms by reducing inflammation and promoting skin hydration. Its antioxidant properties relax muscle tension, reducing muscle spasms and promoting relaxation, which in turn helps to fade scars quickly.
Furthermore, the antiseptic and regenerative properties of Lavandula angustifolia heal wounds faster, reduce inflammation, protect the skin barrier, improve skin elasticity, and enhance skin texture.
The medicinal benefits of Lavandula angustifolia on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Acne
- Eczema
- Psoriasis
- Wound healing
- Skin irritation
Lymphatic System
Lavandula angustifolia boosts lymphatic flow due to its vasodilatory properties, which help to relax blood vessels and improve circulation.
Its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties reduce inflammation quickly, fighting infections rapidly by inhibiting the growth of pathogens. The antioxidant and antiseptic properties of Lavandula angustifolia stimulate detoxification, enhancing immune response by activating immune cells.
This plant also promotes wound healing by accelerating collagen synthesis and improving tissue repair, regulates hormone balance by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, supports antibody production by increasing cytokine release, and reduces swelling quickly due to its anti-edematous effects, and improves circulation by dilating blood vessels.
The medicinal benefits of Lavandula angustifolia on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Lymphedema
- Lymphatitis
- Fibromyalgia
- Varicose veins
- Swollen glands
- Scar tissue
Musculoskeletal System
Lavandula angustifolia reduces inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory compounds, such as linalool and linalyl acetate, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
The plant relaxes muscles by modulating the autonomic nervous system, thereby reducing muscle spasms and promoting relaxation. Lavandula angustifolia eases pain by blocking the activity of pain receptors and releasing pain-relieving neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine. Regular use of Lavandula angustifolia improves flexibility by reducing muscle stiffness and increasing range of motion, thanks to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Lavandula angustifolia soothes joints by reducing joint inflammation and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, ultimately alleviating joint pain and swelling, calms tension and decreases swelling by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, relieves stress by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, improves mobility by reducing muscle spasms and promoting physical activity, and enhances recovery by promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reducing muscle damage.
The medicinal benefits of Lavandula angustifolia on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Muscle spasms
- Arthritis
- Tendinitis
- Fibromyalgia
- Neuralgia
- Nerve pain
- Inflammation
- Bruising
Nervous System
Lavandula angustifolia reduces stress by producing a calming effect due to its high content of linalool, a terpenoid with anxiolytic properties, which helps to regulate anxiety by modulating the neurotransmitter GABA.
This plant calms nervousness through its sedative properties, attributed to the presence of linalyl acetate, a compound known for its ability to induce relaxation. The essential oil extracted from Lavandula angustifolia relaxes muscles by reducing muscle spasms and cramps, thanks to its antispasmodic properties, which are primarily due to the presence of linalool. Furthermore, Lavandula angustifolia improves sleep quality by inducing a state of deep relaxation, allowing individuals to fall asleep faster and sleep more soundly, as a result of its hypnotic properties, which are attributed to the terpenoids present in the plant.
Additionally, this plant enhances focus and boosts mood, reduces pain by releasing endorphins, decreases inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and supports relaxation by promoting a sense of calmness and tranquility.
The medicinal benefits of Lavandula angustifolia on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Depression
- Restlessness
- Epilepsy
- Panic attacks
- Migraines
Reproductive System
Lavandula angustifolia regulates ovulation through its estrogenic and progesterone-like properties, which influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
This plant reduces menstrual cramps and pain due to its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties, which alleviate uterine contractions. Lavandula angustifolia relaxes reproductive muscles, relieving anxiety and stress that can disrupt menstrual cycles, through its anxiolytic and sedative effects, which are attributed to the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate. By reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, Lavandula angustifolia reduces endometriosis symptoms, such as chronic pain and infertility, through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Additionally, this plant stimulates fertility, boosts libido, eases menopause symptoms, reduces premenstrual syndrome symptoms, improves hormone balance, and supports pregnancy due to its adaptogenic and hormonal-balancing properties.
The medicinal benefits of Lavandula angustifolia on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Menstrual cramps
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Endometriosis
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Infertility
- Hormonal imbalance
- Pms mood swings
Respiratory System
Lavandula angustifolia reduces inflammation through its anti-inflammatory properties, which help alleviate respiratory issues.
It relaxes airways by opening up constricted passageways, allowing for smoother breathing, due to its bronchodilatory properties. Soothing coughs is another benefit of Lavandula angustifolia, as its expectorant properties help loosen and clear mucus from the airways. The plant's cooling effect, caused by its antipyretic properties, helps to cool down the body and reduce respiratory symptoms.
Additionally, it eases congestion, fights infections with its antimicrobial properties, calms asthma by reducing bronchospasms, protects lungs from damage, and prevents bronchitis by reducing inflammation in the airways.
The medicinal benefits of Lavandula angustifolia on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Asthma
- Bronchitis
- Cough
- Sinusitis
- Tonsillitis
- Pneumonia
Urinary System
Lavandula angustifolia reduces urine retention by its diuretic properties, which increase urine production and flow, making it easier to pass urine.
Soothing bladder irritation is facilitated by the anti-inflammatory properties of this plant, reducing inflammation and swelling in the bladder. Relaxing prostate tissue is achieved through the plant's antioxidant activity, which neutralizes free radicals and prevents cellular damage. Regulating bladder function is also important, and Lavandula angustifolia's antimicrobial properties help prevent bacterial infections that can disrupt normal bladder function.
The plant's ability to ease urinary frequency, alleviate interstitial cystitis, cure urinary tract infections, treat prostatitis symptoms, prevent kidney stone formation, and support urinary tract health are all due to its potent combination of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
The medicinal benefits of Lavandula angustifolia on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Urinary tract infections
- Bladder irritation
- Kidney stones
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Lavandula angustifolia?
The therapeutic properties of Lavandula angustifolia are attributed to its antimicrobial activity, which is largely due to its bioactive compounds such as volatile oils, specifically linalool and linalyl acetate, that exhibit inhibitory effects against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
Lavandula angustifolia also possesses significant antioxidant properties, which can be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids that help in neutralizing free radicals and protecting against oxidative stress. The plant's anti-inflammatory activity is another key aspect of its therapeutic properties, with compounds like linalool and linalyl acetate contributing to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which can provide relief from pain and inflammation. Additionally, Lavandula angustifolia exhibits anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant properties, which can be attributed to its bioactive compounds like flavonoids and sesquiterpenes that have been shown to exert a calming effect on the nervous system, reducing anxiety and promoting relaxation.
Furthermore, the plant's antiseptic, antispasmodic, and hypotensive properties can be attributed to its bioactive compounds, making it a valuable remedy for wound healing, muscle relaxation, and cardiovascular health.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Lavandula angustifolia.
The list below provides more details on why Lavandula angustifolia has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antimicrobial: The essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial properties, specifically against certain bacteria and fungi, due to the presence of compounds such as linalool and linalyl acetate, which can inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
- Antioxidant: Lavandula angustifolia has been found to possess antioxidant properties, attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which can scavenge free radicals and protect against oxidative stress and cell damage.
- Anti-Inflammatory: The plant has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties, with the essential oil showing the ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with conditions such as arthritis, due to the presence of compounds like linalool and linalyl acetate.
- Anxiolytic: Lavandula angustifolia has been traditionally used as an anxiolytic agent, with studies suggesting that the essential oil can reduce anxiety and stress levels, likely due to its ability to affect the brain's neurotransmitters and promote relaxation.
- Sedative: The plant has been reported to possess sedative properties, with the essential oil showing the ability to induce relaxation, reduce stress, and promote sleep, due to its effects on the central nervous system and the release of neurotransmitters.
- Pain Relief: Lavandula angustifolia has been used to alleviate pain and discomfort, with studies suggesting that the essential oil can reduce pain perception and alleviate symptoms associated with conditions such as headaches and muscle spasms.
- Antiseptic: The plant has been traditionally used as an antiseptic agent, with the essential oil showing the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, and promote wound healing due to its antimicrobial properties.
- Antispasmodic: Lavandula angustifolia has been reported to possess antispasmodic properties, with the essential oil showing the ability to relax muscles, reduce spasms, and alleviate symptoms associated with conditions such as epilepsy and asthma.
- Hypotensive: The plant has been found to possess hypotensive properties, with the essential oil showing the ability to lower blood pressure and alleviate symptoms associated with hypertension, likely due to its effects on the cardiovascular system.
- Anticonvulsant: Lavandula angustifolia has been traditionally used as an anticonvulsant agent, with studies suggesting that the essential oil can reduce the frequency and severity of seizures, likely due to its effects on the central nervous system and the regulation of neurotransmitters.
What are the major healing constituents of Lavandula angustifolia?
The healing constituents of Lavandula angustifolia are linalool, linalyl acetate, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, and geraniol, which contribute to its therapeutic properties.
Linalool, a primary compound in lavender oil, exhibits sedative, anxiolytic, and anti-inflammatory effects, while linalyl acetate, its ester, shows similar sedative and anti-inflammatory properties. Rosmarinic acid, a phenolic acid, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, which may contribute to its potential in wound healing and anti-aging. Apigenin, a flavonoid, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic effects, which may contribute to its potential in reducing anxiety and promoting relaxation.
Geraniol, a monoterpene alcohol, also exhibits sedative, anxiolytic, and anti-inflammatory effects, which may contribute to its potential in promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Lavandula angustifolia.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Lavandula angustifolia and why they are important for health.
- Linalool: Linalool is a monoterpenoid with sedative, anxiolytic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Linalyl acetate: A non-irritating, anti-inflammatory, and sedative constituent with a calming and relaxing effect.
- Rosmarinic acid: A polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties
- Apigenin: A flavonoid compound that is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.
- Geraniol: Geraniol is an aliphatic alcohol with antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic properties.
- Lavandulol: A sesquiterpene alcohol with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and spasmolytic properties
- Caryophyllene: Caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.
- Caffeic acid: Lavandula angustifolia constituent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Beta-caryophyllene: Beta-caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene that exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
- Luteolin: A flavonoid constituent of Lavandula angustifolia, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Lavandula angustifolia and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Linalool | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Sedative, Anxiolytic, Analgesic, Anticonvulsant, Antibacterial, Antifungal |
| Linalyl acetate | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Sedative, Anxiolytic, Analgesic, Antispasmodic, Antiparasitic |
| Rosmarinic acid | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antihistamine, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Neuroprotective |
| Apigenin | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Anxiolytic, Sedative, Anti-allergic |
| Geraniol | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticonvulsant, Antipruritic, Analgesic, Anxiolytic, Sedative, Antispasmodic |
| Lavandulol | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anxiolytic, Sedative, Antispasmodic |
| Caryophyllene | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anxiolytic, Analgesic, Pain relief, Neuroprotective, Antibacterial |
| Caffeic acid | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Anticancer, Antiproliferative, Antibacterial |
| Beta-caryophyllene | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Pain relief, Antitumor, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Neuroprotective |
| Luteolin | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anti-cancer, Anti-diabetic |
What are the most used parts of Lavandula angustifolia in medicine?
The most used parts of Lavandula angustifolia for medicinal purposes are flowers and leaves.
The flowers contain primary bioactive compounds like linalool and linalyl acetate, volatile oils responsible for their calming and anti-inflammatory effects, which contribute to their analgesic and sedative properties. The leaves, rich in flavonoids such as apigenin and luteolin, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, making them useful in treating various conditions. The bioactive compounds in both parts work synergistically to provide the plant's therapeutic benefits, including relaxation, pain relief, and skin health improvement.
These compounds are responsible for the plant's ability to soothe anxiety, reduce inflammation, and promote wound healing.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Lavandula angustifolia in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Lavandula angustifolia in medicine and why.
- Flowers: The flowers of this plant are rich in linalool and linalyl acetate, exhibiting antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic properties, providing relief from stress, anxiety, and insomnia, as well as promoting skin health and wound healing, while also possessing antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
- Leaves: The leaves of this plant contain camphor, borneol, and bornyl acetate, displaying antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic properties, leading to potential benefits in the treatment of digestive issues, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps, as well as providing relief from anxiety and stress.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Lavandula angustifolia mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Flowers | Linalool, Linalyl acetate, Caryophyllene, Α-pinene, Β-pinene, Geraniol, Β-caryophyllene, Camphor, Β-ocimene, Neryl acetate, Geranyl acetate, Limonene, Borneol, Vitexin, Isorhapontigenin, Oleanolic acid, Ursolic acid, Rosmarinic acid |
| Leaves | Linalool, Linalyl acetate, Camphor, Borneol, Borneol acetate, Lavandulol, Β-pinene, Β-myrcene, Sesquiterpenes, Sesquiterpenes lactones, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Tannins, Caffeic acid |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Lavandula angustifolia?
The most common herbal preparation of Lavandula angustifolia for medicinal purposes are essential oils, which are used topically to treat anxiety and insomnia due to their sedative and calming effects.
The essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia is also used in the production of tinctures, a concentrated liquid extract of the plant, which is used to treat restlessness and digestive issues. A salve, a topical ointment, made from the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia is used to treat skin irritations and wounds, promoting wound healing and reducing inflammation. Additionally, suppositories made from the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia are used to treat gastrointestinal issues, including irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia.
These medicinal preparations are often used to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and improve sleep quality.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Lavandula angustifolia.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Lavandula angustifolia and what are their main uses.
- Essential Oil: Essential oil made from this plant is used to relieve anxiety and insomnia, reduce stress and inflammation, and treat minor wounds, skin irritations and insect bites, as well as alleviate headaches and muscle pain.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat insomnia, anxiety disorders, restlessness, digestive issues, and skin conditions such as eczema and acne, due to its sedative, antispasmodic, and antiseptic properties.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to treat minor burns, sunburns, wounds, and skin irritations, to relieve itching and inflammation, and as a topical antiseptic to promote wound healing.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Lavandula angustifolia for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Essential oil | Flowers, Leaves |
| Tincture | Flowers, Leaves |
| Salve | Flowers, Leaves |
Essential Oil
Lavandula angustifolia essential oil is a preparation commonly used to treat anxiety, insomnia, stress, headaches, muscle tension, digestive issues, nausea, skin irritations, insect bites, and wound healing.
It's one of the most widely used essential oils due to its versatility and effectiveness. The oil is known to induce a calming effect, which is attributed to its sedative properties, helping individuals relax and fall asleep. This preparation is derived from the flowers and leaves of the Lavandula angustifolia plant, which is relatively easy to cultivate.
The process of extracting essential oil from the plant is moderately complex, requiring specialized equipment and techniques.
Below you find an image of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Lavandula angustifolia essential oil.
- Harvest fresh Lavandula angustifolia flowers and leaves at their peak potency.
- Dry the harvested flowers and leaves in a warm, well-ventilated area to preserve their essential properties.
- Use a steam distillation apparatus to extract the essential oil from the dried flowers and leaves.
- Collect the distilled essential oil and separate it from the water using a separation funnel.
- Store the extracted Lavandula angustifolia herbal essential oil in a dark glass bottle to preserve its potency and aroma.
Tincture
Lavandula angustifolia tincture is commonly used to treat insomnia, anxiety, digestive issues, skin conditions, headaches, muscle tension, menstrual cramps and nausea.
It is a widely used herbal preparation, particularly in traditional medicine. The common effect of taking Lavandula angustifolia tincture is sedation and relaxation. This preparation is typically made from the flowers and leaves of the Lavandula angustifolia plant, which are combined with a solvent such as ethanol or glycerin to extract their active compounds.
The process of making Lavandula angustifolia tincture is moderately difficult, requiring precise measurements and controlled conditions to ensure the optimal extraction of the plant's active ingredients.
Below you find an image of Lavandula angustifolia tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Lavandula angustifolia tincture.
- Gather fresh or dried Lavandula angustifolia flowers and leaves from a trusted source.
- Dry the harvested flowers and leaves in a warm, well-ventilated area, or using a dehydrator, to preserve them for tincture preparation.
- Combine 1 part of the dried Lavandula angustifolia flowers and leaves with 2 parts of a solvent, such as 80-100% ethanol, in a clean glass container.
- Steep the mixture in a cool, dark place, allowing it to macerate for 2-6 weeks, shaking the container occasionally to aid extraction.
- Strain the liquid mixture through a cheesecloth or coffee filter into a clean glass container, discarding the solids, and store the tincture in a dark glass bottle.
Salve
Lavandula angustifolia salve is used to treat various issues, including skin irritation, wound healing, muscle soreness, sleep disorders, anxiety, insect bites and burns.
This preparation is commonly used due to its widespread availability and well-documented benefits. One common effect of using Lavandula angustifolia salve is its ability to promote relaxation and reduce inflammation. The salve is typically made with the flowers and leaves of the Lavandula angustifolia plant, which are combined with a carrier oil and other ingredients to create a soothing topical treatment.
Making Lavandula angustifolia salve is considered moderately difficult, requiring some basic knowledge of herbalism and a bit of time to prepare the ingredients.
Below you find an image of Lavandula angustifolia salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Lavandula angustifolia salve.
- Gather fresh Lavandula angustifolia flowers and leaves, and clean them thoroughly.
- Combine the cleaned flowers and leaves in a saucepan, and add a carrier oil such as olive or coconut oil to cover them.
- Heat the mixture over low heat, allowing the flowers and leaves to infuse their properties into the oil for several hours or overnight.
- Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter to separate the oil from the solids, and discard the solids.
- Add a thickening agent such as beeswax or candelilla wax to the oil, and heat the mixture until the wax is fully incorporated to create the herbal salve.
What are the possible side effects of Lavandula angustifolia if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Lavandula angustifolia are experiencing allergic reactions, which can range from mild hives to life-threatening anaphylaxis, and developing skin irritations, such as redness, itching, and blistering, due to the essential oils' direct contact with the skin.
Using this plant improperly can also interact with medications, such as blood thinners and diabetes medications, reducing their effectiveness or increasing the risk of adverse effects. Additionally, hypersensitizing the skin can occur, causing it to react excessively to future exposure, and experiencing gastrointestinal issues, like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, may be a concern, particularly when ingesting large amounts of the plant's extracts. Furthermore, having respiratory problems, such as asthma-like symptoms or shortness of breath, can be a result of inhaling the plant's essential oils, and increasing bleeding risk is possible due to the plant's potential interaction with anticoagulant medications.
Finally, inducing sedation, lowering blood pressure, suppressing the immune system, and potentially causing other adverse effects may occur with prolonged or excessive use of Lavandula angustifolia.
The most common side effects Lavandula angustifolia gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Experiencing Allergic Reactions: Skin or mucous membrane contact with Lavandula angustifolia essential oil can cause anaphylaxis, hives, and respiratory distress in some individuals.
- Developing Skin Irritations: Contact with Lavandula angustifolia essential oil causes skin irritation and dermatitis in some individuals due to its phenolic compounds and linalool content.
- Interacting With Medications: Lavandula angustifolia may interact with central nervous system depressants, such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates, and enhance their effects.
- Hypersensitizing The Skin: Contact with Lavandula angustifolia essential oil can cause skin irritation and phototoxicity, exacerbated by sunlight, leading to redness, itching, and blistering.
- Experiencing Gastrointestinal Issues: Ingestion of Lavandula angustifolia may cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, and vomiting in some individuals, possibly due to the presence of volatile compounds such as linalool and linalyl acetate.
- Having Respiratory Problems: Lavandula angustifolia oil can cause respiratory irritation and bronchospasm in some individuals, potentially exacerbating conditions such as asthma.
- Increasing Bleeding Risk: Lavandula angustifolia essential oil interacts with anticoagulant medications such as warfarin, increasing risk of bleeding.
- Inducing Sedation: Lavandula angustifolia contains linalool, which acts as a central nervous system depressant, leading to sedation.
- Lowering Blood Pressure: Lavandula angustifolia extracts have been shown to cause vasodilation, leading to decreased peripheral resistance and lowered blood pressure.
- Suppressing The Immune System: Lavandula angustifolia extracts suppress immune responses by inhibiting the activation of lymphocytes and macrophages.
What are the precautions to take before using Lavandula angustifolia medicinally?
The most important precautions you must take before using Lavandula angustifolia for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Consult A Healthcare Professional: Use of Lavandula angustifolia may interact with certain medications, including antacids, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, blood thinners, digoxin, diabetes medications, and sedatives, due to potential interactions with its active compounds, including linalool and linalyl acetate.
- Determine Pregnancy Status: Lavandula angustifolia contains linalool, which may stimulate the uterus and cause miscarriage, so pregnant women should avoid its use.
- Monitor Blood Sugar Levels: Individuals with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels due to Lavandula angustifolia's potential hypoglycemic effects.
- Avoid Excessive Consumption: Excessive consumption of Lavandula angustifolia can cause seizures, particularly in children.
- Be Aware Of Interactions: Lavandula angustifolia interacts with medications including anticoagulants, antihypertensives, and sedatives due to its effect on cytochrome P450 enzyme.
- Watch For Allergic Reactions: Some individuals experience contact dermatitis or other allergic reactions to Lavandula angustifolia due to the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate.
- Use In Moderation: Prolonged or excessive use can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.
- Avoid With Certain Medications: Concurrent use with medications metabolized by CYP3A4, such as ketoconazole and cyclosporine, may lead to increased levels and adverse effects.
- Store Properly: Lavandula angustifolia flowers lose their fragrance and potency when exposed to heat and light, so store in a cool, dry place.
- Follow Recommended Dosages: Dosages of Lavandula angustifolia above recommended levels may cause adverse effects.
Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Lavandula angustifolia?
Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Lavandula angustifolia. Here are some studies that are worthy of notice.
According to a study published by Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, Lavandula angustifolia has been found to possess antioxidant properties, with compounds 1, 8, and 13 exhibiting DPPH free radical scavenging activities. Additionally, Lavandula angustifolia was found to have the potential to increase melanin content in B16 melanoma cells with a dose-dependent manner, as seen with compound 2. These findings suggest that Lavandula angustifolia may have beneficial effects on skin health, making it a valuable plant for further research and potential use in skincare applications.
In another study published by "Natural product research", the compounds isolated from Lavandula angustifolia showed promising antioxidant and anti-hypoglycaemic activities. Compounds 4 and 5, in particular, demonstrated strong antioxidant activities against DPPH radicals, with IC50 values of 12.99 and 31.74 μM, respectively. Additionally, compound 5 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against PTP1B, indicating its potential in managing blood sugar levels.
