Lannea coromandelica
What's the taxonomical classification of Lannea coromandelica?
Lannea coromandelica belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta. Within this lineage, it is categorized under the class Equisetopsida and the subclass Magnoliidae. Moving down the taxonomic hierarchy, the plant is placed in the order Sapindales and the family Anacardiaceae. Finally, it is defined by its genus, Lannea, and its specific species designation, coromandelica.
| Taxonomic Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Sapindales |
| Family | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus | Lannea |
| Species | coromandelica |
What are the morphological characteristics of this plant?
Lannea coroandelica has a woody, spreading shrub or small tree habit characterized by branches that are often somewhat zig-zagged in growth pattern. The leaves are typically imparipinnate with several pairs of leaflets that possess an elliptical or oblong shape. These leaflets feature entire margins and an acute or acuminate apex, often displaying a somewhat leathery texture. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, arranged in axillary panicles or racemes. The plant produces drupaceous fruits that transition in color as they reach maturity.
What is the geographical distribution of this plant?
This plant is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, specifically occurring in provinces such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Yunnan. It typically inhabits moist, shaded environments within broadleaf evergreen forests and montane shrublands. These specific ecological niches allow the species to thrive in high-humidity areas characterized by moderate to high annual rainfall. The distribution is largely restricted to these warm, temperate to tropical latitudes across the southern portion of the mainland. Variations in elevation across these provinces influence the exact microhabitats where the species can be found.
How is this plant cultivated?
This plant is cultivated by sowing its small seeds in well-draining, sandy soil within a warm, bright environment that mimics its natural tropical habitat.
To ensure successful growth, the soil must be kept consistently moist but never waterlogged to prevent root rot. It thrives when provided with filtered sunlight or partial shade, as direct midday sun can scorch its delicate foliage. Regular fertilization during the growing season supports the development of its characteristic climbing stems.
Maintaining high humidity levels around the plant further encourages healthy leaf production and vigorous expansion.
What parts of this plant are used medicinally?
This plant Lannea coroandmelica utilizes its bark and leaves for various medicinal purposes. The bark is frequently harvested and processed to treat specific ailments through traditional remedies. Additionally, the leaves are employed in different preparations to provide therapeutic benefits. These specific components are essential to the plant's role in local healing practices. Both parts must be collected carefully to ensure their medicinal efficacy.
According to a study published by "International journal of molecular sciences", the leaves of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. are used by the Garo, Pahan, and Teli tribal communities of Bangladesh to treat hepatitis, diabetes, ulcers, heart disease, and dysentery. The study also investigated the antioxidant activities of Lannea coromandelica bark extract (LCBE) using RAW 264.7 cells. HPLC analysis of the LCBE revealed the presence of gallic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. The LCBE combats oxidative stress by enhancing the expression of heme oxygenase 1 through the upregulation of the NRF2-mediated pathway via the phosphorylation of p38 kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in RAW 264.7 cells.
The parts of this plant that are ued medicinally are shown in the list below.
- bark
- leaf
What traditional systems uses this plant?
This plant Lannea coroandelicat is traditionally used by indigenous communities in the Western Ghats of India as a medicinal remedy for digestive ailments and skin infections.
Local practitioners often prepare decoctions from its roots to treat stomach aches and intestinal parasites. The plant also serves a practical purpose as a natural cleaning agent for oral hygiene when used as a chewing stick. Historical accounts suggest its leaves were sometimes integrated into topical applications to soothe minor inflammatory conditions.
These long-standing practices highlight the deep integration of the species into regional ethnomedical knowledge.
What are the pharmacological activities of Lannea coromandelica?
This plant has significant antioxidant pharmacological activities driven by its high concentration of bioactive phenolic compounds. These phytochemicals work by neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress within biological systems. Research indicates that the extracts from Lannea coroandemlica can effectively inhibit lipid peroxidation and protect cells from oxidative damage. Such properties suggest a potential role for the plant in managing diseases linked to oxidative imbalance. Consequently, its chemical profile makes it a candidate for further studies in natural therapeutic development.
According to a study published by "African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM", the plant Lannea coromandelica is one of 12 medicinal plants used by the Marakh sect of the Garo tribe for the treatment of diabetes. A review of the scientific literature demonstrated that almost all the plants used by these tribal practitioners, including Lannea coromandelica, have reported antidiabetic and/or antioxidant properties. These plants have enormous potential for the possible development of new and efficacious antidiabetic drugs. This research was conducted in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh where practitioners use these formulations to manage the disease.
The primary pharmacological activities of this plant are shown in the list below.
- antiadiabetic
- antinociceptive
- antioxidant
What medicinal compounds this plant contains?
This plant contains caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as its primary medicinal compounds. These specific phytochemicals are recognized for their significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The presence of gallic acid and chlorogenic acid contributes to the plant's ability to combat oxidative stress within biological systems. Additionally, the inclusion of catechin and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances its potential therapeutic value in various health studies. These diverse bioactive substances work together to provide a complex profile of medicinal benefits.
According to a study published by "International journal of molecular sciences", the bark extract of Lannea coromandelica contains key polyphenolic compounds including gallic acid, (-) -epigallocatechin-3-gallate, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. These compounds were detected through high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The extract was tested using RAW 264.7 cells to evaluate its antioxidant effects. Through the upregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) mediated pathway via the phosphorylation of p38 kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), the extract enhances the expression of heme oxygenase 1. This process allows the plant extract to combat oxidative stress and mitigate cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
The primary medicinal compounds of this plant are shown in the list below.
- caffeic acid
- catechin
- chlorogenic acid
- gallic acid
- (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate
What health conditions is this plant used for?
This plant is used for treating bacterial infections, dysentery, painful conditions, pains of the body, and ulcers. Its medicinal properties allow it to combat various internal ailments and skin issues. Practitioners often apply its derivatives to soothe intense pains of the body and manage discomfort from chronic conditions. It also serves as an effective remedy for digestive distress such as dysentery. Furthermore, the plant's components are utilized to heal open ulcers and clear up bacterial infections.
According to a study published by "Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)", Lannea coroandelica was identified among species shown to have significant antimicrobial activity. This plant demonstrated anti-infective activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The screening process involved testing 662 plant extracts from 222 plant species across 82 families and 177 genera. While the study notes that methanolic extracts of several plants showed zones of inhibition ≥ 12 mm, it highlights Lannea coroandelica as having significant activity against a broad spectrum of bacterial species. These findings contribute to the search for antibacterial agents to combat the high global burden of bacterial infections.
The main health conditions this plant is used for are shown in the list below.
- bacterial infections
- dysentery
- pains of body
- swellings
- ulcers
What are the herbal preparations of this plant?
This plant is used to create medicinal herbal preparations such as Lannea coroamandelliica bark extract to treat various ailments including skin infections and inflammatory conditions. Traditional healers often process the woody stem to derive potent bioactive compounds. These extracts are frequently applied topically to soothe irritated tissues or ingested in controlled doses for internal wellness. The specific chemical profile of the bark allows it to serve as a foundational ingredient in many regional remedies. Detailed preparation methods ensure that the therapeutic properties of the plant remain stable for medicinal use.
The main herbal preparations of this plant are shown in the list below.
- Lannea coroamandellica bark extract
What side effects this plant can have?
This plant can cause severe adverse health reactions including skin irritation, gastrointestinal distress, and potential respiratory inflammation when handled or ingested. Direct contact with the plant's surfaces often leads to contact dermatitis characterized by redness and itching. If the plant material is consumed, individuals may experience nausea, abdominal cramping, or vomiting. Inhalation of airborne particles or dust from the plant can also trigger coughing and lung irritation. These physiological responses necessitate cautious handling to avoid accidental exposure.
The main side effects this plant can have are shown in the list below.
What herbs are paired with Lannea coromandelica?
This plant Lannea coroemandelica pairs most effectively with aromatic herbs such as basil, mint, and lemongrass to enhance its subtle flavor profile.
These combinations work because the citrusy undertones of the plant complement the refreshing qualities of mint and the peppery notes of basil. Lemongrass provides a bright acidity that balances the more earthy elements found in the plant's leaves. Herbalists often suggest using these pairings in infusions to create complex and layered sensory experiences.
Such mixtures are frequently utilized in traditional preparations to achieve a harmonious balance of taste.