Karwinskia humboldtiana
Karwinskia humboldtiana · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (1 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Karwinskia humboldtiana is a plant species that has drawn scientific attention due to the potential toxicity found within its fruit. Research indicates that preparations derived from the fruit can exhibit significant hepatotoxic activities. Specific chemical constituents, including T 514, T 496, T-516, and T-544, have been identified as key components of interest. Exposure to these substances can lead to severe physiological conditions such as hyporeflexia and notable weight loss. In extreme cases, the ingestion of these fruit preparations may even result in mortality.
- Synonyms
- Rhamnus Biniflora · Rhamnus Humboldtiana · 4 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Rhamnaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Fruit
Classification
Common Names
Karwinskia humboldtiana is a fascinating plant known by a diverse array of regional names. Depending on the local area, it is frequently referred to as the Coyotillo or the cacachila. In certain cultures, you may also hear it called himoli or itzil. Some botanical circles even use the name kakačila Humboldtova to honor its scientific discovery. This variety of nomenclature highlights the plant's widespread presence and cultural significance across different landscapes.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Karwinskia humboldtiana is a botanical subject that has been identified through several different taxonomic names over time. In various scientific records, the species is recognized by synonyms such as Karwinskia affinis and Karwinskia biniflora. It has also been referred to in literature as Karwinskia sessilifolia, reflecting its complex classification history. Furthermore, the plant has been linked to the genus Rhamnus under the names Rhamnus biniflora and Rhamnus humboldtiana. Understanding these various nomenclature relationships is essential for accurate botanical identification and research.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Karwinskia humboldtiana is a unique botanical specimen that belongs to the kingdom Plantae. Within this vast biological realm, the plant is classified under the class Equisetopsida. It further falls into the order Rosales, showcasing its specific evolutionary lineage. As a member of the Rhamnaceae family, it shares characteristics with many diverse woody shrubs. Ultimately, this plant is defined by its singular classification within the genus Karwinskia.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Rosales |
| Family | Rhamnaceae |
| Genus | Karwinskia |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Karwinskia humboldtiana is a notable species with an expansive range primarily centered within North America. It is widely distributed throughout Mexico, appearing in various distinct ecological zones across the country. Specifically, the plant can be found stretching from the central regions to the Gulf coast. Its presence also extends into the northeast, southeast, and southwest territories of Mexico. This widespread distribution highlights the plant's ability to adapt to diverse Mexican landscapes.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Karwinskia humboldtiana is a self-supporting plant that takes on a distinct tree-like growth form. Although it functions as a sturdy woody specimen, it maintains a relatively modest stature. This species typically reaches a maximum height of only 5 meters.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Karwinskia humboldtiana contains specific compounds that exhibit significant hepatotoxic activity. Research has identified the toxin T-514 within this plant as a primary agent responsible for liver damage in both in vivo and in vitro models. Recent studies have further explored this toxicity by examining a newly isolated diastereoisomer of the T-514 toxin. When tested against primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, this diastereoisomer demonstrated a level of toxicity nearly equal to that of the original toxin. These findings highlight the potent biochemical risks associated with certain constituents found in the plant.
Compounds
Karwinskia humboldtiana is a member of the Rhamnaceae family that serves as a source for several distinct chemical compounds. Researchers have successfully isolated four dimmeric anthracenones from this plant, which are identified as T-496, T-514, T-516, and T-544. Among these, the substance known as Toxin T-514 has garnered significant attention due to its biological activity. This specific toxin has demonstrated the ability to affect liver and lung cells, as well as various tumoral cell lines. Because of these properties, T-514 is being closely studied for its potential applications as an antineoplastic agent.
Conditions
Karwinskia humboldtiana toxins T-514 and T-544 are associated with increased LDH leakage in liver cell cultures. These plant-derived toxins induce significant cytotoxicity in both rat hepatocytes and keratinocytes. The presence of these substances is linked to highly hepatotoxic effects during in vitro assessments. Exposure to the toxins also results in increased malformations in mouse embryos and fetuses. Furthermore, the toxins are shown to cause a decrease in methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT) reduction.
Preparations
Karwinskia humboldtiana is prepared as a fruit that can lead to significant neurological intoxication upon ingestion. This specific form of the plant is linked to medical conditions that mimic poliomyelitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome. Research indicates that consuming the fruit is a primary antecedent for patients presenting with acute flaccid paralysis. Toxic substances can be detected in the blood of those who have ingested this botanical product. Consequently, the consumption of the fruit serves as a critical factor in diagnosing this particular type of poisoning.
Parts used
Karwinskia humboldtiana is a plant species that possesses a specific fruit capable of causing significant medical complications. Clinical research indicates that the ingestion of this fruit can lead to severe neurological intoxication in humans. This poisoning often presents with acute flaccid paralysis, mimicking conditions such as poliomyelitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome. Studies have confirmed that detecting toxins in the blood can help link these neurological symptoms directly to the consumption of the plant's reproductive parts. Consequently, understanding the relationship between the fruit and its toxic effects is vital for accurate medical diagnosis.