air plant

Kalanchoe pinnata · Accepted scientific name

Scientific literature: Very Extensive (467 studies) · ★★★★★

Air plant, scientifically known as Kalanchoe pinnata, is a versatile succulent renowned for its remarkable healing properties. Often called the "miracle leaf," it is widely utilized in traditional medicine to treat wounds, inflammation, and respiratory issues. Its thick, fleshy leaves serve as a natural remedy across various global cultures.

Family
Crassulaceae
Native range
Africa
Parts used
Leaf
Common names
Leaf Of Life · Loveplant · 16 more
Scientific synonyms
Cotyledon Calycina · Crassula Pinnata · 14 more

Names

Common Names

Regional and Traditional Names

Spanish:

  • Bryophyllum pinnatum
  • Sedum madagascaricum
  • Kalanchoe pinnata var calcicola
  • Bryophyllum calycinum
  • Crassula pinnata
  • Hoja de aire
  • Kalanchoe pinnata var. calcicola
  • Pinnata de cotiledón
  • hoja del aire
  • Hoja del aire de Madagascar
  • Tronadora de Madagascar

German:

  • Goethepflanze
  • Goethe-Pflanze
  • Echte Goethepflanze
  • Schwiegermutterpflanze

French:

  • Bryophyllum pinnatum
  • Kalanchoé penné

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Kalanchoe pinnata

Synonyms

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Saxifragales, it is classified under the family Crassulaceae. Finally, its taxonomic designation concludes with the genus Kalanchoe.

Rank Classification Source
Kingdom Plantae WCVP
Phylum Streptophyta WCVP
Class Equisetopsida WCVP
Subclass Magnoliidae WCVP
Order Saxifragales WCVP
Family Crassulaceae WCVP
Genus Kalanchoe WCVP

Distribution

This plant exhibits a wide geographical distribution across several key regions. Within the Macaronesia archipelago, it can be found inhabiting the Azores and the Canary Islands. It is also established in the islands of Cape Verde and Madeira. Furthermore, its range extends beyond these Atlantic islands to West Tropical Africa. Specifically, the species is recorded as growing in the nation of Benin.

Region Area Source
Macaronesia Azores WCVP
Macaronesia Canary Is. WCVP
Macaronesia Cape Verde WCVP
Macaronesia Madeira WCVP
West Tropical Africa Benin WCVP
West Tropical Africa Gambia WCVP
West Tropical Africa Ghana WCVP
West Tropical Africa Guinea WCVP
West Tropical Africa Ivory Coast WCVP
West Tropical Africa Liberia WCVP

Plant Parts

This plant, known scientifically as Kalanchoe pinnata, is a versatile medicinal herb where almost every part holds therapeutic value. The most prominent feature is its thick, fleshy leaves, which are characterized by their scalloped edges and succulent texture. Each individual leaf acts as a reservoir for potent bioactive compounds, which can be released through the application of fresh leaf juice directly to skin irritations or wounds. Furthermore, scientific studies often utilize various leaf extracts to isolate specific phytochemicals for pharmacological research. Because of its multifaceted benefits, the whole plant is frequently utilized in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments, ranging from respiratory issues to inflammatory conditions.
Plant Part Sources Consensus
leaf Acta tropica (and other 16 sources) ★★★★★

Chemicals

Kalanchoe pinnata has 60 reported phytochemicals identified across 16 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoids, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, BERSALDEGENIN 1,3,5-ORTHOACETATE.

Chemicals reported in Kalanchoe pinnata
Chemical Supporting sources Consensus
Flavonoids 5 supporting sources ★★★☆☆
kaempferol 4 supporting sources ★★☆☆☆
quercetin 4 supporting sources ★★☆☆☆
quercitrin 3 supporting sources ★★☆☆☆
BERSALDEGENIN 1,3,5-ORTHOACETATE 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Bryophyllin A 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Bryophyllin C 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
Friedelin 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
STIGMASTEROL 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆
SYRINGIC ACID 2 supporting sources ★☆☆☆☆

Flavonoids

  1. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias
  2. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
  3. Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology
  4. BMC complementary medicine and therapies
  5. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

kaempferol

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Planta medica
  3. Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
  4. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

quercetin

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Chemistry & biodiversity
  3. Planta medica
  4. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

quercitrin

  1. Phytochemistry
  2. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology
  3. International journal of molecular sciences

BERSALDEGENIN 1,3,5-ORTHOACETATE

  1. Chemistry & biodiversity
  2. Planta medica

Bryophyllin A

  1. Planta medica
  2. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry

Bryophyllin C

  1. Chemistry & biodiversity
  2. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry

Friedelin

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society

STIGMASTEROL

  1. Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
  2. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

SYRINGIC ACID

  1. Dr. Duke
  2. Chemistry & biodiversity

Activities

Kalanchoe pinnata has 315 reported activities identified across 16 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antihypertensive, Antiulcer.

Most Reported Activities

Activity Sources Consensus
Antibacterial Dr. Duke (and other 4 sources) ★★☆☆☆
Antioxidant Dr. Duke (and other 3 sources) ★★☆☆☆
Cytotoxic Dr. Duke (and other 3 sources) ★★☆☆☆
Antihypertensive Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
Antiulcer Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
Gastroprotective Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
Mutagenic Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
Sedative Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
11B-HSD-Inhibitor Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆

Medicinal Uses

Kalanchoe pinnata has 20 reported medicinal uses identified across 16 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include cancer, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, leishmaniasis.

Most Reported Uses

Use Sources Consensus
cancer Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (and other 3 sources) ★★☆☆☆
inflammation Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology (and other 3 sources) ★★☆☆☆
diabetes mellitus Pharmaceutical biology (and other 2 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
hypertension Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology (and other 2 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
leishmaniasis Acta tropica (and other 2 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
wounds Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology (and other 2 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
Diabetes mellitus Pharmacognosy research (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
HSV 1 Pharmaceutical biology (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
HSV 2 Pharmaceutical biology (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
anxiety Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆

Preparations

Preparations Sources Consensus
extracts Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 3 sources) ★★☆☆☆
leaf juice Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (and other 2 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
DCM fraction Pharmaceutical biology (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
Ethanolic and methanolic extracts Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
Freeze-dried leaves Phytochemical analysis : PCA (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
aqueous leaf extract Phytochemistry (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
crude extract Chemistry & biodiversity (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
decoctions derived from boiled green leaves International journal of molecular sciences (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
dichloromethane (DCM) fraction Pharmaceutical biology (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆
ethanolic extract International journal of molecular sciences (and other 1 sources) ★☆☆☆☆