Juglans regia
Common walnut
Juglans regia, commonly known as the Persian or English walnut, is a majestic deciduous tree prized for its nutrient-dense seeds. Beyond culinary uses, it holds significant medicinal value in traditional practices, offering potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties that support cardiovascular health and cognitive function through its rich bioactive compounds.
- Scientific name: Juglans regia
- Family: Juglandaceae
- Native range: Europe
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Fagales, it is classified under the family Juglandaceae. It is further identified by the genus Juglans, specifically as the species Juglans regia.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Fagales | WCVP |
| Family | Juglandaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Juglans | WCVP |
Common Names
This plant, known scientifically as Juglans regia, is recognized by various common names across different languages and cultures. In Lebanese Arabic, it is referred to as Zamen Nëssert (lb), while in Quechua, it is called Tuqti (qu). It is known as Orah (bs) in Bosnian, அக்ரூட் (ta) in Tamil, and is called Nogal (ceb) in Cebuano.| Language | Common Name | Source |
|---|---|---|
| lb | Zamen Nëssert | Wikidata |
| qu | Tuqti | Wikidata |
| bs | Orah | Wikidata |
| ta | அக்ரூட் | Wikidata |
| ceb | Nogal | Wikidata |
| bn | আখরোট | Wikidata |
| sq | arra | Wikidata |
| el | Καρυδιά | Wikidata |
| ckb | گوێز | Wikidata |
| nn | valnøtt | Wikidata |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a specific geographical distribution across several regions of Europe. In Northern Europe, its presence is noted in Denmark and the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. It can also be found further north within the borders of Norway. Moving toward the center of the continent, the species is documented in Middle Europe. Specifically, its range extends into the country of Austria.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Denmark | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Great Britain | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Ireland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Norway | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Austria | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Belgium | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Germany | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Hungary | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Poland | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Switzerland | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Juglans regia, commonly known as the English walnut, possesses various components that contribute to its medicinal profile. The leaves, or a single leaf, are often utilized in traditional remedies for their astringent properties, while the thick bark can be harvested for its therapeutic potential. The most well-known part is the seed, which is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds. Furthermore, scientific studies have highlighted that the plant contains a significant amount of total flavonoids, which contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities.- Total parts
- 9
- Scientific sources
- 18
| Plant Part | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| leaves | 5 | ★★★☆☆ |
| leaf | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| bark | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| seed | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| total flavonoids | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| peel | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| leaf extracts | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| fruit | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| bark powder | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Juglans regia has 61 reported phytochemicals identified across 81 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include flavonoids, polyphenols, quercetin, juglone, catechin.
- Total chemicals
- 61
- Scientific sources
- 81
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| flavonoids | 5 | ★★★☆☆ |
| polyphenols | 5 | ★★★☆☆ |
| quercetin | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| juglone | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| catechin | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| condensed tannins | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| epicatechin | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| kaempferol | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| linoleic acid | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| myricetin | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Activities
Juglans regia has 20 reported activities identified across 43 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Anticancer.
- Total activities
- 20
- Scientific sources
- 43
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant | 9 | ★★★★☆ |
| Antimicrobial | 6 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Antibacterial | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antidiabetic | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Anticancer | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antimutagenic | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hepatoprotective | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hypolipidemic | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antifungal | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiglycation | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Juglans regia has 71 reported medicinal uses identified across 83 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include cancer, diabetes mellitus, inflammation, anorexia, antidiabetic.
- Total uses
- 71
- Scientific sources
- 83
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| cancer | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| diabetes mellitus | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| inflammation | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| anorexia | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antidiabetic | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| diarrhea | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| eczema | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| sinusitis | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Apo-B | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ascaridia galli | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |