black walnut
Juglans nigra · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Extensive (958 studies) · ★★★★★
Black walnut, scientifically known as Juglans nigra, is a powerful medicinal tree prized for its potent therapeutic properties. Renowned for its antimicrobial and antiparasitic effects, its hulls and bark offer natural remedies for fungal infections, digestive issues, and skin ailments, making it a cornerstone of traditional herbal medicine.
Names
Common Names
- American walnut
- black walnut
- eastern black walnut
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- Nogal negro
- Nogal negro americano
- nogal americano
- nogal negro
German:
- Schwarznuss
- Schwarznussbaum
- Schwarze Walnuss
- Schwarznuß
- schwarze Walnuß
- Schwarznussbaum
French:
- Noyer noir
- noyer noir
- noyer noir d'Amérique
- Noyer d'Amérique
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Juglans nigraSynonyms
- Juglans nigra f. oblonga
- Juglans nigra oblonga
- Juglans pitteursii
- Wallia nigra
- Juglans nigra f. laciniata
Taxonomical Classification
This plant, known as Juglans nigra, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. It is classified under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae within the order Fagales. Finally, it resides in the family Juglandaceae under the genus Juglans.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Fagales | WCVP |
| Family | Juglandaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Juglans | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a notable presence across several regions of the European continent. In Northern Europe, its range extends through Denmark and Great Britain. Moving toward Middle Europe, the species can be found growing within the borders of Austria and Belgium. Furthermore, its distribution continues through the central territories of Czechia-Slovakia. These specific locations highlight the varied geographical spread of the species throughout these European nations.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Denmark | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Great Britain | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Austria | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Belgium | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Czechia-Slovakia | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Germany | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Hungary | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Poland | WCVP |
| Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | WCVP |
| Southeastern Europe | Italy | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, commonly known as the black walnut, utilizes various components for medicinal purposes, with its leaves playing a significant role. The leaves of Juglans nigra are pinnately compound and contain bioactive compounds, such as juglone, which are often extracted for their antimicrobial and antifungal properties. In traditional herbalism, infusions made from these leaves are sometimes used topically to treat skin conditions or internally to support digestive health.| Plant Part | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| leaf | Natural product communications (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Juglans nigra has 171 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include juglone, Tannin, ellagic acid, (E)-Caryophyllene, 1,2,3-trimethyl-benzene.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| juglone | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Tannin | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ellagic acid | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (E)-Caryophyllene | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1,2,3-trimethyl-benzene | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1,3-dimethyl-benzene | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
juglone
- Dr. Duke
- Natural product communications
- Current topics in medicinal chemistry
Tannin
- Dr. Duke
- Fitoterapia
ellagic acid
- Dr. Duke
- Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
(E)-Caryophyllene
- Natural product communications
1,2,3-trimethyl-benzene
- Dr. Duke
1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene
- Dr. Duke
1,3-dimethyl-benzene
- Dr. Duke
1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE
- Dr. Duke
1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE
- Dr. Duke
2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde
- Dr. Duke
Activities
Juglans nigra has 706 reported activities identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antihypertensive, Sedative, 11B-HSD-Inhibitor, 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor, 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Antihypertensive | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Sedative | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 11B-HSD-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ACE-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AChE-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AP-1-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ATPase-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Abortifacient | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Juglans nigra has 2 reported medicinal uses identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include C. parapsilosis, Listeria monocytogenes.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| C. parapsilosis | Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Fitoterapia (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| acetonic extract preparations | Fitoterapia (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| methanol extracts | Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |