Peregrina

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Integrileaf Jatropha
• Rose-flowered Jatropha
• Spicy Jatropha
• Violin-leaved Nut

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Jatropha moluensis
• Jatropha pandurifolia
• Jatropha coccinea
• Jatropha acuminata
• Adenoropium integerrimum
• Jatropha pandurifolia var. coccinea
• Jatropha pandurifolia var. latifolia
• Adenoropium hastatum
• Jatropha integerrima var. coccinea
• Adenoropium pandurifolium
• Jatropha integerrima var. hastata
• Jatropha integerrima var. latifolia
• Jatropha diversifolia var. pandurifolia

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is ordered as Malpighiales and falls under the family Euphorbiaceae. Finally, it is categorized under the genus Jatropha.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad geographical distribution across several key regions of Asia. Within the Indian Subcontinent, its presence is noted in both India and Bangladesh. Moving toward the Malesia region, it can be found inhabiting the island of Jawa. The species also extends its range to the Philippines. Finally, its distribution includes the island of Sulawesi within the Malesian zone.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Jatropha integerrima is defined by its broad adaptability across diverse altitudinal gradients, allowing it to occupy a wide range of montane and lowland niches. This species thrives within an elevational range that begins at 0 m AMSL and extends to a maximum altitude of 2550 m AMSL. This expansive vertical distribution suggests a high degree of environmental tolerance, enabling the plant to persist in both tropical lowland habitats and more temperate, high-altitude ecosystems. Such a varied elevational breadth implies that the species can navigate significant fluctuations in temperature, atmospheric pressure, and moisture availability, making it a resilient component of its native ecological communities.

Elevational range max:

2550 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Jatropha integerrima is characterized by its status as a perennial organism, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. In terms of its growth architecture and survival strategy, the plant exhibits a dual life form classification, functioning as both a phanerophyte, where its buds are borne on aerial shoots well above the ground, and a nanophanerophyte, reflecting its specific stature and habit within its ecological niche.

Life form :

nanophanerophyte

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Jatropha integerrima is characterized by its growth form as a woody shrub, typically reaching a plant height ranging from a minimum of 1 m to a maximum of 1.5 m. As an independent organism, it functions as a non-parasitic species, maintaining a terrestrial lifestyle rather than acting as an epiphyte or aquatic plant, although it can inhabit various environments across the aquatic, semiaquatic, and terrestrial spectrum. While it is classified as a self-supporting plant rather than a liana, vine, or obligatory climber, its structural development is robust and woody in nature.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

shrub

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

1.5 m

Plant height min:

1 m

Woodiness :

woody

Reproduction

Reproduction in Jatropha integerima is primarily achieved through the production of seeds, which serve as the key unit for dispersal and the establishment of new individuals. The reproductive output is characterized by highly consistent seed morphology, specifically regarding its weight. The seed mass of this species exhibits no significant variation, with a recorded mean seed mass of 0.04 g. This uniformity is reflected in the extreme narrowness of its weight range, as both the maximum and minimum measured seed masses are identical at 0.04 g. Such precise standardization in seed mass suggests a highly stable reproductive strategy within its ecological niche.

Seed mass mean:

0.04 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Jatropha integerrima has 3 reported plant parts identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include flower, leaf, root.

Flower

1. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology
2. Scientific reports

Leaf

1. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology

Root

1. Journal of natural products

Chemicals

Jatropha integerrima has 11 reported phytochemicals identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include (E)-p-Coumaric acid, 2alpha-hydroxyjatropholone, 2beta-hydroxyjatropholone, Anthocyanins, Flavonoids.

(E)-p-Coumaric acid

1. Scientific reports

2alpha-hydroxyjatropholone

1. Journal of natural products

2beta-hydroxyjatropholone

1. Journal of natural products

Anthocyanins

1. Bioorganic chemistry

Flavonoids

1. Bioorganic chemistry

Isovitexin

1. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology

Sesquiterpenes

1. Journal of natural products

Tannins

1. Scientific reports

Vicenin 2

1. Scientific reports

Vitexin

1. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology

Activities

Jatropha integerrima has 6 reported activities identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, Antimicrobial, Antitumor.

Antioxidant

1. Bioorganic chemistry
2. Life (Basel, Switzerland)

Antidiabetic

1. Life (Basel, Switzerland)

Antihyperlipidemic

1. Life (Basel, Switzerland)

Antimicrobial

1. Scientific reports

Antitumor

1. Bioorganic chemistry

Cytotoxic

1. Bioorganic chemistry

Medicinal Uses

Jatropha integerrima has 8 reported medicinal uses identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Diabetes mellitus, adenovirus, antibiotic resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatitis A virus.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations