Itoa orientalis
Itoa orientalis · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (2 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Itoa orientalis is a botanical species of significant pharmacological interest, particularly regarding its chemical composition. Research into the methanol extract of its seeds has revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as 13-deoxyitol A, echitin, itol A, and itoside N. These specific constituents contribute to the plant's diverse biological activities, which include potent antifeedant properties. Furthermore, studies suggest that extracts derived from the leaves and seeds may offer neuroprotective benefits. Understanding these chemical profiles provides essential insights into the therapeutic potential of this plant.
- Synonyms
- Itoa Orientalis Var. Glabrescens
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Salicaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Leaf · Seed
Classification
Common Names
Itoa orientalis is a plant known by several distinct names depending on the regional context. In certain areas, it is commonly referred to as 大黄树. Additionally, the plant is identified by the name 栀子皮 in other traditional settings. These varying designations highlight the diverse ways the species is recognized across different cultures. Understanding these common names is essential for anyone studying the botanical relationships of this unique plant.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Itoa orientalis is a botanical species that is frequently identified through its taxonomic variations. Within scientific literature, the plant is recognized by the synonym Itoa orientalis var. glabrescens. This specific variety represents a distinct morphological form within the broader classification of the species. Understanding these nomenclature relationships is essential for accurate identification in botanical studies. Consequently, researchers must account for these synonymous terms to ensure consistency in ecological documentation.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Itoa orientalis is a unique botanical specimen that belongs to the diverse kingdom Plantae. Within this vast kingdom, it is specifically classified under the class Equisetopsida. Its taxonomic journey continues through the order Malpighiales, placing it among a significant group of flowering plants. Further narrowing its identity, the species is housed within the genus Itoa. Finally, it finds its botanical home within the Salicaceae family, completing its formal biological profile.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Malpighiales |
| Family | Salicaceae |
| Genus | Itoa |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Itoa orientalis exhibits a broad geographical range that spans both temperate and tropical regions of Asia. Within China, the species is widely distributed across the South-Central and Southeast territories. Its presence is also documented on the island of Hainan, highlighting its adaptability to various coastal environments. Moving into the tropical zones, the plant can be found throughout Indo-China, specifically within Vietnam. This diverse distribution underscores the plant's ability to thrive across significantly different climatic landscapes.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Itoa orientalis is a distinguished species characterized by its robust tree growth form. As a self-supporting plant, it maintains a sturdy structure throughout its lifecycle. Depending on its environmental conditions, the species can reach a minimum height of 8 meters. Most specimens typically grow to a height of at least 14 meters. Ultimately, this impressive tree can reach a maximum height of 20 meters.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Itoa orientalis serves as a rich source of bioactive compounds with diverse biological applications. Research into its seeds has identified diterpenes like 13-deoxyitol A that exhibit significant antifeedant activity against various insect pests. Beyond its insecticidal potential, the plant also offers therapeutic possibilities for neurological health. The isolated compound Xylocoside G has demonstrated notable neuroprotective effects by mitigating toxicity induced by amyloid-β. Specifically, this compound helps protect neuronal cells by regulating apoptosis and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways.
Compounds
Itoa orientalis serves as a rich source of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites distributed throughout its various parts. Scientific analysis of the seeds has revealed the presence of the isoryanodane diterpenes 13-deoxyitol A and itol A. Furthermore, extracts derived from the bark, twigs, and leaves of the plant contain the compound echitin. Research also identifies the flavone glycoside itoside N within these same vegetative tissues. Together, these specialized chemical constituents highlight the complex phytochemical profile of this species.
Conditions
Itoa orientalis contains the active compound Xylocoside G, which serves as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. This medicinal plant demonstrates neuroprotective effects by effectively treating amyloid-β induced neurotoxicity. Specifically, its active component works to treat Aβ-induced toxicity and reduces the reduction of cell viability. The plant also aids in treating Aβ-induced inflammation and apoptosis through the downregulation of NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, it helps treat Aβ-induced caspase-3 activation, thereby assisting in the regulation of apoptosis.
Preparations
Itoa orientalis seeds are prepared as a methanol extract to facilitate chemical isolation. This specific extraction process yielded the new isoryanodane diterpene known as 13-deoxyitol A. Along with itol A, these compounds were successfully recovered from the methanol-treated seed material. The use of a methanol extract proved effective for identifying these bioactive diterpenes. Consequently, the seed-derived methanol extract serves as the primary source for these insecticidal substances.
Parts used
Itoa orientalis is a plant species that yields various bioactive compounds from different anatomical structures. Research has demonstrated that the leaves of the plant serve as a rich source for isolating phenolic glycosides and other important compounds. These leaf extracts have been specifically studied for their significant anti-inflammatory activity against COX-2. Additionally, the seeds of the plant contain unique diterpenes, such as 13-deoxyitol A, which possess notable insecticidal properties. Together, these findings highlight the diverse chemical potential found within both the leaves and seeds of Itoa orientalis.