Vesper Iris

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Vesper Iris

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Pardanthus dichotomus
• Pardanthopsis dichotoma
• Evansia dichotoma
• Iris pomeridiana
• Evansia vespertina

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is organized under the order Asparagales and the family Iridaceae. Finally, it is identified by the genus Iris.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad geographical distribution across several distinct regions of Northern and East Asia. Within the vast territory of Siberia, it can be found specifically in the areas of Buryatiya and Chita. Its range extends into the Russian Far East, particularly within the Amur region. In China, the species is widely distributed throughout the South-Central provinces. Furthermore, the plant is also documented to grow in the northern reaches of Inner Mongolia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Iris dichotoma is characterized by a perennial lifecycle, allowing the plant to persist through multiple growing seasons. As a plant that relies on underground storage organs to survive unfavorable conditions, it is classified as a geophyte, a life form that ensures its longevity and ability to re-emerge annually. Furthermore, its biological classification as a cryptophyte indicates that its essential regenerative parts are protected beneath the soil surface, shielding them from environmental stressors and facilitating its long-term survival in its natural habitat.

Life form :

geophyte

Life form :

cryptophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Iris dichotoma is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb, typically functioning as a self-supporting plant rather than a climber or liana. It exhibits a terrestrial habit, though it can be classified within a semiaquatic ecological niche. The plant is an independent organism, meaning it does not function as a parasite, and it lacks epiphytic tendencies. In terms of stature, it is a relatively low-growing species, with a plant height ranging from a minimum of 0.5 m to a maximum of 1 m.

Aquatic :

semiaquatic

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

1 m

Plant height min:

0.5 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Iris dichotoma is characterized by its utilization of the C3 photosynthetic pathway, a process in which carbon dioxide is fixed directly into a three-carbon compound during the initial stage of the Calvin cycle. This metabolic strategy involves the enzyme RuBisCO facilitating the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate within the mesophyll cells, which is typical for many species within the Iridaceae family. Consequently, its physiological performance and water-use efficiency are closely linked to environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, and moisture availability, as the C3 pathway requires careful regulation of stomatal conductance to balance carbon assimilation with transpiration rates.

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Iris dichotoma is characterized by its bisexual sexual reproduction mechanism, ensuring that individual flowers possess both male and female reproductive organs. The flowering cycle is seasonally specific, typically beginning in August and concluding in September. Following successful pollination, the plant produces fruit with distinct dimensional characteristics; the fruit length varies, with a minimum measurement of 3.5 cm, a mean length of 4.25 cm, and a maximum length reaching up to 5 cm.

Flowering time :

Aug

Flowering time :

Sep

Fruit length max:

5 cm

Fruit length mean:

4.25 cm

Fruit length min:

3.5 cm

Reproduction sexual :

bisexual

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Iris dichotoma has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include rhizome.

Rhizome

1. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

Chemicals

Iris dichotoma has 8 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 6-Hydroxybiochanin A, Hispidulin, Iristectorigenin A, Iristectorin A, Iristectorin B.

6-Hydroxybiochanin A

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Hispidulin

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Iristectorigenin A

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Iristectorin A

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Iristectorin B

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Rhamnocitrin

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Tamarixetin 7-glucoside

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

kaempferol-7-methyl ether

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Preparations

Iris dichotoma has 2 reported preparations identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include "She-gan", rhizoma.

"she-gan"

1. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

Rhizoma

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica