trumpet-flower

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• trumpet-flower
• Fern-leaved Trumpet-flower

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Incarvillea sinensis var. przewalskii
• Incarvillea sinensis subsp. variabilis
• Incarvillea variabilis
• Incarvillea przewalskii
• Incarvillea chinensis
• Incarvillea sinensis f. przewalskii
• Incarvillea variabilis var. przewalskii
• Incarvillea variabilis var. latifolia
• Incarvillea variabilis var. fumariifolia

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Lamiales, it is classified under the family Bignoniaceae. Finally, its specific taxonomic designation is found within the genus Incarvillea.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad geographical distribution across several distinct regions of East Asia. In the Russian Far East, its presence is specifically noted within the Primorye region. Moving into China, it can be found throughout the South-Central territories. The species also extends northward into the provinces of Manchuria and Inner Mongolia. Finally, its range includes the North-Central areas of China, completing its wide ecological footprint.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Incarvillea sinensis is characterized by its adaptability to diverse terrain and specific altitudinal preferences. This species thrives within an elevational range spanning from 600 m to a maximum of 1750 m AMSL. Its preferred habitats are varied, as it is commonly found colonizing mountains and old fields, while also demonstrating a capacity to grow in riparian environments near rivers, as well as in more arid or unstable substrates such as sand and stony places.

Elevational range max:

1750 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

600 m AMSL

Habitat :

mountains, old fields, rivers, sand, stony places

Life history

The life history of Incarvillea sinensis is characterized by a perennial lifecycle, allowing the plant to persist through multiple growing seasons. In terms of its structural development and survival strategy, it is classified as a hemicryptophyte, meaning its perennial buds are located at or just below the soil surface, protected by leaf litter or soil during unfavorable conditions. This life form, identified both as a hemicryptophyte and specifically as a hemi-crypto-phyte, ensures the plant's ability to regenerate effectively each year.

Life form :

hemicryptophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Incarvillea sinensis is characterized by a growth form classified as a herb, typically exhibiting a non-woody structure. This plant reaches a height ranging from a minimum of 0.5 m to a maximum of 1 m. It functions as a self-supporting organism, lacking the climbing habits of a liana or vine, and is categorized as a self-supporting, non-obligatory climber. In terms of its ecological habit, it is a terrestrial species, appearing neither as an aquatic, semiaquatic, nor an epiphyte (whether holoepiphyte, hemiepiphyte, or otherwise). Furthermore, the plant is an independent organism, showing no parasitic behavior.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

1 m

Plant height min:

0.5 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Incarvillea sinensis is characterized by a metabolic framework defined by its photosynthetic pathway, which utilizes the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. In this process, the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) facilitates the initial fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide into a three-carbon compound, specifically 3-phosphoglycerate. This C3 mechanism dictates the plant's gas exchange patterns and water-use efficiency, as the stomata must remain open for CO2 uptake, subsequently making the plant's physiological performance sensitive to variations in light intensity, temperature, and moisture availability. This fundamental metabolic strategy underpins the plant's energy production and subsequent synthesis of secondary metabolites.

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Incarvillea sinensis is characterized by its specific seasonal flowering pattern, which serves as the primary stage for its reproductive cycle. The plant initiates its flowering period starting in June, marking the onset of its reproductive activity. This flowering phase is relatively concentrated, as the process concludes within the same month of June, although the exact timing can be variable depending on environmental conditions. Therefore, the reproductive window is tightly defined by this mid-year period, facilitating the transition from floral development to subsequent seed production.

Flowering time :

Jun

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Incarvillea sinensis has 2 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Incarvillateine, Incarvine C.

Incarvillateine

1. Fitoterapia
2. European journal of pharmacology
3. Planta medica
4. Journal of natural products

Incarvine C

1. Fitoterapia

Activities

Incarvillea sinensis has 2 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Analgesic, Antinociceptive.

Analgesic

1. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

Antinociceptive

1. Journal of natural products

Medicinal Uses

Incarvillea sinensis has 3 reported medicinal uses identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include rheumatism, neuropathic pain, pain.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations