Hymenodictyon orixense

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Hymenodictyon rheedei
• Exostema philippicum
• Cinchona orixensis
• Cinchona excelsa
• Benteca rheedei
• Hymenodictyon excelsum
• Hymenodictyon thyrsiflorum
• Hymenodictyon utile
• Hymenodictyon excelsum var. subglabrum
• Hymenodictyon excelsum var. canescens
• Hymenodictyon excelsum var. velutinum

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Under the subclass Magnoliidae, it follows the order Gentianaales and is a member of the Rubiaceae family. Ultimately, it is identified by the genus Hymenodictyon, specifically as the species Hymenodictyon orixense.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a specific geographical distribution across parts of Asia, primarily concentrated within the Indian Subcontinent. It can be found growing in the diverse terrains of India and throughout the region of Bangladesh. Furthermore, its presence extends to the lush landscapes of Assam and the mountainous elevations of the East Himalaya. Beyond the Indian Subcontinent, the species is also documented in the South-Central region of China. Together, these locations define the natural range where this medicinal species thrives.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Hymenodictyon oriensense is characterized by a perennial lifecycle, allowing the individual to persist through multiple growing seasons. As a phanerophyte, its regenerative buds are located high above the ground on woody stems, a structural adaptation typical of woody plants that maintain significant biomass over time. This phanerophytic life form is consistently observed across its developmental stages, ensuring its survival and dominance within its specific ecological niche.

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Hymenodictyon orixense is characterized by a woody growth form, specifically categorized as a tree. This species is a self-supporting plant that does not exhibit climbing or parasitic behaviors, functioning as an independent organism within its environment. As a terrestrial species, it does not inhabit aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats, nor does it act as an epiphyte. In terms of stature, the plant displays significant vertical development, with a height range spanning from a minimum of 10 meters to a maximum of 12 meters, maintaining an average plant height of approximately 25 meters.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

12 m

Plant height mean:

25 m

Plant height min:

10 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Hymenodictyon oriensense is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation processes and metabolic efficiency under its typical environmental conditions. In terms of nutrient acquisition and symbiotic relationships, the plant does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it lacks the specialized physiological mechanisms or symbiotic associations required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for growth.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Hymenodictyon oriensense is characterized by the production of relatively small seeds that exhibit high levels of uniformity in their physical dimensions. Analysis of the seed mass indicates a very tight distribution, with a mean mass of 0.0069 g. The variation within the population is minimal, as evidenced by a maximum seed mass of 0.0071 g and a minimum seed mass of 0.0067 g. This narrow range of mass values suggests a highly stabilized reproductive strategy, ensuring consistent seed properties across different individuals of the species.

Seed mass max:

0.0071 g

Seed mass mean:

0.0069 g

Seed mass min:

0.0067 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Hymenodictyon orixense has 14 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include ANTHRAQUINONE, Anthragallol, Esculin, Hymexelsin, Loganin.

ANTHRAQUINONE

1. Jundishapur journal of natural pharmaceutical products

Anthragallol

1. Jundishapur journal of natural pharmaceutical products

Esculin

1. Jundishapur journal of natural pharmaceutical products

Hymexelsin

1. Natural product research

Loganin

1. Natural product research

Lucidin

1. Jundishapur journal of natural pharmaceutical products

Morindone

1. Jundishapur journal of natural pharmaceutical products

Nordamnacanthal

1. Jundishapur journal of natural pharmaceutical products

Rubiadin

1. Jundishapur journal of natural pharmaceutical products

Scopolin

1. Natural product research

Preparations

Hymenodictyon orixense has 2 reported preparations identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include bark, bark extracts.

Bark

1. The American journal of Chinese medicine

Bark extracts

1. Journal of natural medicines