What to know about Hydrangea serrata (mountain hydrangea) before using it medicinally

Hydrangea serrata, commonly known as mountain hydrangea, is a versatile herb that has been revered for its medicinal properties, which include the ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression.

As a popular ornamental plant, it boasts a range of attractive features, including vibrant blue flowers and striking foliage, making it a favorite among gardeners and horticulturists. From a botanical standpoint, Hydrangea serrata is characterized by its serrated leaves and clusters of small, pink or blue flowers that are highly prized by botanists and naturalists.

With a rich history dating back to ancient China, where it was used in traditional medicine for over 2,000 years, Hydrangea serrata has also been mentioned in various historical texts, including the famous herbal text, "Ben Cao Gang Mu", which describes its medicinal properties in great detail.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Hydrangea serrata.

What are the medicinal properties of Hydrangea serrata?

Hydrangea serrata helps with treating fever, inflammation, and respiratory issues. Its medicinal properties include antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and expectorant actions. It is also used to treat digestive problems and skin conditions. Its antibacterial and antiviral properties aid in wound healing. Traditional medicine relies on its astringent properties for treating diarrhea and urinary issues.

The active constituents of Hydrangea serrata include flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. These compounds contribute to its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Flavonoids, such as quercetin, exhibit their antioxidant properties by reducing oxidative stress. Terpenoids, including sesquiterpenes, display antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.

The plant parts used for medicinal purposes are the roots and flowers. The roots are used to treat fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions. The flowers are used for respiratory issues, such as bronchitis and asthma. The flowers and leaves are also used to treat digestive problems and wounds.

Improper use of Hydrangea serrata can cause side effects, including gastrointestinal irritation, allergic reactions, and interactions with medications. The flavonoids and terpenoids in the plant may cause gastrointestinal upset when used in excessive doses. Individuals with allergies or sensitivities should use caution when handling the plant.

When using Hydrangea serrata medicinally, take precautions to avoid interactions with other medications, such as blood thinners, and consult with a healthcare professional regarding dosage and administration. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult with a healthcare professional before using the plant medicinally. Individuals with kidney or liver disease should use caution when using the plant due to its potential impact on these organs.

What are the horticulural aspects of Hydrangea serrata?

Hydrangea serrata grow well in partial shade and moist, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, from acidic to alkaline. Mountain hydrangea requires regular watering, but it can be drought-tolerant once established.

For optimal growth, plant Hydrangea serrata in a location with consistent moisture and moderate temperatures between 65°F to 75°F (18°C to 24°C). Avoid planting in areas with standing water or where water may collect. Plant in well-draining soil with organic matter to promote healthy root development.

To harvest Hydrangea serrata blooms, cut stems in late summer or early fall when the flowers are still in bud. Remove the seed heads and flowers after blooming to promote a second flowering period in the fall. Prune back the stems to about 6 inches from the ground to encourage new growth and blooming in the following year.

Hydrangea serrata is susceptible to various pests and diseases, including root rot caused by overwatering, leaf spot caused by fungi, and aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation or infection and treat promptly to prevent further damage and reduce the risk of spreading to other plants.

What are the botanical aspects of Hydrangea serrata?

Hydrangea serrata is a flowering plant that belongs to the Hydrangeaceae family. It is an evergreen shrub that grows up to 2 meters in height, with a spread of 1.5 meters. Its leaves are ovate to lanceolate in shape, measuring 5-10 cm in length. The plant has a woody stem with brown, flaky bark.

Hydrangea serrata is classified as Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Maxim. ex Siebold & Zucc. The plant is a member of the genus Hydrangea, which includes about 70 species of flowering plants. The genus is further divided into 7 sections, with Hydrangea serrata belonging to the section 'Serratae'. The plant's taxonomic classification is as follows: Kingdom: Plantae, Family: Hydrangeaceae, Genus: Hydrangea, Species: H. serrata.

Hydrangea serrata has several variants, including 'Blue Mist' and 'Bluebird'. These variants differ in flower color and growth habit, but not in botanical characteristics. 'Blue Mist' has pale blue flowers, while 'Bluebird' has darker blue flowers. The variants also differ in growth habit, with some being more compact and others more upright.

Hydrangea serrata is native to Japan, Korea, and eastern China. It is commonly found in mountainous regions, where it grows in well-drained soils and full sun to partial shade. The plant has been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America and Europe, where it is cultivated as an ornamental plant.

The life cycle of Hydrangea serrata is typical of deciduous shrubs. The plant grows new stems in the spring, which produce leaves and flowers. The flowers are formed in late spring to early summer, and are followed by seed production in late summer to early fall. The plant dies back in the fall, but new growth begins in the spring. The plant's lifespan is typically 10 to 20 years in cultivation, although it can live longer in its native habitat.

What are the historical aspects of Hydrangea serrata?

Hydrangea serrata is a plant with a long history of use. In traditional Chinese medicine, its roots and leaves were used to treat various ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and digestive issues. The plant's leaves were also used as a tea substitute. In Japan, it was used to make a type of tea called "yuzu."

In Korean mythology, Hydrangea serrata is associated with the goddess of the moon, who was said to have used the plant's flowers to make a magical potion. In Japanese mythology, the plant's flowers were said to have the power to grant fertility and prosperity. The plant's name in Japanese, "Ajisai," means " mountain flowers." In Korean, it is known as "Doraji."

Throughout history, Hydrangea serrata has been associated with various symbolic meanings. In Japan, it is considered a symbol of longevity and prosperity. In Korea, it is a symbol of good luck and fertility. In China, it is associated with the yin-yang principle and is considered a balance of opposites. The plant's flowers are often used in traditional ceremonies and weddings.

In traditional Chinese texts, such as the Shennong Bencao Jing, Hydrangea serrata is described as a medicinal plant with various properties. The text describes the plant's roots as having a sweet and bitter taste, and its leaves as having a cool and dry quality. In Japanese texts, such as the Honzoshu, the plant is described as a tea substitute and a medicinal plant.

Historical artifacts related to Hydrangea serrata include ancient pottery and ceramics from China and Japan featuring the plant's flowers. In Korea, there are traditional textiles and fabrics featuring the plant's flowers, which were often used in traditional clothing and ceremonies. The plant's flowers have also been used in traditional medicine and cooking.