What to know about Hydrangea arborescens (treetop hydrangea) before using it medicinally

Hydrangea arborescens, commonly known as treetop hydrangea, is a herb that has been prized for its numerous health benefits, including its ability to reduce inflammation and improve cardiovascular health.

This deciduous shrub is highly valued for its vibrant blue flowers and is often used in ornamental gardening due to its showy blooms and ability to thrive in a variety of soil conditions. Botanically, hydrangea arborescens is a perennial herb that belongs to the Saxifragaceae family and is characterized by its large, panicle-like inflorescences.

Historically, this herb has been used by Native American tribes and early American settlers for its medicinal properties, with documentation dating back to the 18th century.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Hydrangea arborescens.

What are the medicinal properties of Hydrangea arborescens?

Hydrangea arborescens helps with menstrual irregularities, menopausal symptoms, and as a natural diuretic. It has been used traditionally to treat various conditions, including fever, rheumatism, and as an anti-inflammatory.

The medicinal properties of Hydrangea arborescens are attributed to the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. These compounds have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities, which contribute to the plant's medicinal effects.

The roots, leaves, and flowers of the plant are primarily used for medicinal purposes. The roots are rich in flavonoids and have been used to treat various conditions, while the leaves and flowers contain terpenes and have been used to treat fever and rheumatism.

Ingesting large quantities of Hydrangea arborescens can lead to gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Prolonged use can also cause kidney damage and interact with certain medications.

Precautions when using Hydrangea arborescens medicinally include avoiding its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as individuals with kidney or liver disease. Additionally, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using the plant as a medicinal agent, especially when combining it with other herbal remedies.

What are the horticulural aspects of Hydrangea arborescens?

Hydrangea arborescens grow in USDA zones 3-8, requiring full sun to partial shade, and well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5. It thrives in moist environments but can tolerate some drought. Soil fertility is essential for optimal growth.

To plant treetop hydrangea, choose a location with air circulation and minimal windbreaks. Plant bare-root stock or potted plants in spring or fall, 3-6 feet apart. Dig a hole 1-2 times the plant's depth, mix in organic matter, and water well. Mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds.

For optimal flowering, prune treetop hydrangea in late winter or early spring, removing dead flowers and branches. Cut back new growth to 12-18 inches tall in summer for bushy growth and more blooms. Harvest flowers when blue or pink, depending on soil pH, for optimal color and texture.

Treetop hydrangea is susceptible to pests such as spider mites, scale, and aphids, and diseases like powdery mildew, leaf spot, and root rot. Regular monitoring and prompt removal of infested or diseased tissue can prevent damage and promote healthy growth. Fungal diseases often spread through wet conditions, underscoring the importance of proper watering habits.

What are the botanical aspects of Hydrangea arborescens?

Hydrangea arborescens is a deciduous shrub that typically grows 3-6 feet tall and 6-8 feet wide. It has a broad, rounded crown and a single stem with a woody base. The leaves are elliptical to ovate in shape, 4-8 inches long, and have serrated margins.

Hydrangea arborescens is a member of the Hydrangeaceae family, which consists of around 70 species of flowering plants. It is further classified into the subfamily Hydrangeoideae, tribe Hydrangeae, and genus Hydrangea. The species name 'arborescens' indicates that it is a woody plant.

The plant has several variants, including 'Grandiflora', 'Vanilla', and 'Tardiva'. 'Grandiflora' produces larger flower clusters, while 'Vanilla' has a more delicate appearance. 'Tardiva' has a later-blooming habit. These variants have been selected for their unique characteristics and are grown for ornamental purposes.

Hydrangea arborescens is native to the eastern United States, specifically in the Appalachian region. It grows in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, rocky outcrops, and along streams. The plant has been naturalized in parts of Europe, Asia, and North America, and is often cultivated as an ornamental.

The life cycle of Hydrangea arborescens begins with seed production. The plant produces small, brown seeds in the autumn, which are dispersed by the wind. The seeds germinate in the spring, and the young plants grow into mature shrubs over several years. The plant flowers in mid-to-late summer, producing large clusters of blue or pink flowers, depending on soil pH.

What are the historical aspects of Hydrangea arborescens?

Hydrangea arborescens is a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine. In North America, Native American tribes used its roots to treat fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions, while in Asia, its bark was used to treat digestive issues.

In Japanese mythology, the hydrangea is associated with the god of the sea, Enoshima Benzaiten, who is said to have used its flowers to calm the sea. Similarly, in Korean folklore, the hydrangea is said to have been given to brides to ensure a happy and peaceful marriage.

The hydrangea has been a symbol of devotion and loyalty in various cultures. In Victorian England, it was a popular choice for expressing deep regret or apology, while in the language of flowers, it represents heartfelt emotions. In some Asian cultures, it is also a symbol of longevity and prosperity.

Historical texts, such as the Chinese pharmacopeia "Shennong Ben Cao Jing" (circa 200 BCE), mention the hydrangea's medicinal properties. Similarly, the Japanese text "Honzo Wajii" (circa 1700 CE) lists the hydrangea's uses in traditional medicine.

Historical artifacts, such as ceramic vessels and textiles, often feature depictions of hydrangea flowers. In some cases, hydrangea extracts have been found in ancient pottery and artifacts, highlighting its historical use as a dye and pigment.