By Leen Randell

Updated: Oct 21, 2024

What to know about Humulus lupulus before using it medicinally

Humulus lupulus, commonly known as hop, is a medicinal herb that has been used to help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and insomnia, as well as to reduce inflammation and improve sleep quality in individuals with restlessness and irritability associated with menopause.

The main health benefits of Humulus lupulus include its sedative, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The herb's therapeutic properties are attributed to its ability to interact with the body's neurotransmitters, producing a calming effect and reducing muscle spasms. The main bioactive compounds found in Humulus lupulus include flavonoids, phenolic acids, and essential oils, which contribute to its medicinal properties.

People often prepare Humulus lupulus as a tea, often referred to as hop tea, by infusing the dried cones of the plant in hot water, which is then consumed to promote relaxation and improve sleep.

The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Humulus lupulus, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.

ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Humulus lupulus provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.

BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Humulus lupulus. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.

What are the main medicinal uses of Humulus lupulus?

The main medicinal uses of Humulus lupulus are its application in anxiety relief, achieved through the anxiolytic effects of its sesquiterpenoids and flavonoids, which modulate the activity of neurotransmitters such as GABA.

It has been traditionally used to treat fever by inducing sweating, attributed to its ability to stimulate the hypothalamus and increase heat production, a property attributed to its sesquiterpenoid and flavonoid content. Furthermore, it has been used to alleviate diarrhea due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which are primarily attributed to its sesquiterpenoids and polyphenols, that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the gut. Inflammation is another condition it has been used to treat, with its sesquiterpenoids and flavonoids exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines.

Additionally, its flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids have been found to induce relaxation and reduce symptoms of insomnia, as well as alleviate nervousness, dyspepsia, pain, and hysteria through the modulation of neurotransmitters and the reduction of stress and anxiety.

The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Humulus lupulus.

The list below provide more details on why Humulus lupulus is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.

• Anxiety: This plant is used for anxiety due to its sedative and anxiolytic properties, which are attributed to its essential oil and flavonoid content. The oil has a calming effect on the nervous system, reducing feelings of anxiety and stress.
• Inflammation: This plant's anti-inflammatory properties are utilized to reduce swelling and pain in individuals suffering from inflammation. The plant's flavonoids and phenolic acids have been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes, thereby reducing inflammation.
• Insomnia: This plant is used to treat insomnia due to its sedative properties, which promote relaxation and improve sleep quality. The plant's essential oil has a calming effect on the nervous system, making it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep throughout the night.
• Arthritis: The anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties of this plant make it useful in the treatment of arthritis. The plant's flavonoids and phenolic acids reduce inflammation and alleviate pain in joints, making it easier for individuals with arthritis to manage their condition.
• Diarrhea: This plant is used to treat diarrhea due to its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant's flavonoids and phenolic acids reduce inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and help to firm up stools, thereby alleviating symptoms of diarrhea.
• Hypertension: The plant's flavonoids and phenolic acids have been shown to have a positive effect on cardiovascular health, including lowering blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. The plant's ability to reduce inflammation and improve blood vessel function contributes to its potential in the treatment of hypertension.
• Diabetes: This plant is used to treat diabetes due to its ability to lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. The plant's flavonoids and phenolic acids have been shown to have a positive effect on glucose metabolism, making it a potential adjunctive treatment for diabetes.
• Digestive Issues: The plant's astringent and anti-inflammatory properties make it useful in the treatment of digestive issues, including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. The plant's flavonoids and phenolic acids reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea.
• Stress: This plant is used to treat stress due to its adaptogenic properties, which help the body to adapt to stress and promote balance in the nervous system. The plant's essential oil has a calming effect on the nervous system, reducing feelings of stress and anxiety.
• Pain: The plant's anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties make it useful in the treatment of pain, including chronic pain and neuropathic pain. The plant's flavonoids and phenolic acids reduce inflammation and alleviate pain, making it a potential adjunctive treatment for pain management.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Humulus lupulus, in each of the major medicinal systems.

Modern Western Medicine

In modern western medicine, Humulus lupulus is used to treat anxiety by modulating neurotransmitter activity, alleviate inflammation through its anti-inflammatory properties, and provide relief from insomnia due to its sedative effects.

It is also used to manage pain, digestive issues, and arthritis, as well as urinary tract infections and stress, which can be beneficial in the treatment of migraines and depression. Additionally, Humulus lupulus has been shown to treat diarrhea, hypertension, diabetes, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, as well as ulcers and sleep disorders. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also make it effective in treating skin conditions, providing pain relief, and reducing nausea.

Furthermore, it has been found to be beneficial in the treatment of gout and other conditions.

Traditional Chinese Medicine

In traditional chinese medicine, Humulus lupulus is used to treat a variety of health conditions, including anxiety and insomnia, which are alleviated by its sedative properties, as well as diarrhea, caused by its antispasmodic effect.

Additionally, inflammation, rheumatism, and arthritis are treated with Humulus lupulus due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Digestive issues, such as nausea and cough, are also addressed with this herb, as well as skin conditions like eczema and skin infections, which are alleviated by its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, Humulus lupulus is used to treat fever, menstrual cramps, and sleep disorders, as well as hypertension, pain, and migraines, by regulating the body's energy and calming the mind.

Its uses also extend to treating asthma, skin irritation, diabetes, and cough, which are alleviated by its expectorant and antispasmodic properties.

Ayurvedic Medicine

In ayurvedic medicine, Humulus lupulus is used to treat anxiety by promoting relaxation and calming the nervous system.

Its anti-inflammatory properties are also utilized to reduce inflammation, which in turn alleviates arthritis symptoms. The herb's ability to regulate blood sugar levels makes it beneficial for diabetes management, and it has also been shown to improve sleep quality and reduce insomnia. Furthermore, Humulus lupulus has been found to help lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension, and its antiseptic properties can help treat eczema by soothing and calming the skin.

Additionally, it has been used to address a range of other health issues, including digestive issues, asthma, rheumatism, migraines, stress, diarrhea, gout, pain, depression, fungal infections, ulcers, and skin conditions, as well as cancer.

Unani Medicine

In unani medicine, Humulus lupulus is used to treat various health conditions, including diarrhea, inflammation, and arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties.

It is also used to manage hypertension, rheumatism, and fever by regulating blood pressure and temperature. Additionally, Humulus lupulus is used to alleviate nausea, anxiety, asthma, insomnia, and diabetes due to its adaptogenic and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, it is effective in treating skin infections, gastritis, digestive issues, dyspepsia, eczema, hysteria, cholera, menstrual issues, and jaundice by acting as an antimicrobial and hepatoprotective agent.

Its sedative properties also make it useful in treating fever and insomnia.

Homeopathic Medicine

In homeopathic medicine, Humulus lupulus is used to treat anxiety through its calming effects, while its anti-inflammatory properties help alleviate conditions like inflammation and arthritis.

Insomnia and sleeplessness are also addressed with the plant's sedative properties, which aid in stress relief and promote relaxation. Additionally, Humulus lupulus is used to provide pain relief, treat urinary tract infections, and address digestive issues such as nausea and digestion problems. The plant's anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory properties also make it effective in treating skin issues like eczema, skin irritation, and hives, as well as muscle spasms and migraines.

Furthermore, Humulus lupulus has been studied for its potential in preventing cancer, managing diabetes, and addressing menstrual cramps and other digestive problems, although more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness in these areas.

What are the primary health benefits of Humulus lupulus?

Humulus lupulus reduces inflammation by containing lupulone and humulone, which have potent anti-inflammatory properties.

Preventing cancer cells from proliferating is another benefit of this plant, attributed to its ability to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in cancerous cells. Relieving anxiety symptoms is also possible due to the plant's anxiolytic effects, which are mediated by its interactions with GABA receptors in the brain. Treating digestive issues is facilitated by the prenylated flavonoids present in Humulus lupulus, which have been shown to exhibit antispasmodic and anti-secretory properties.

Additionally, its antibacterial, analgesic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory properties enable it to fight bacterial infections, lessen pain sensation, combat free radicals, lower blood pressure, reduce oxidative stress, and soothe skin irritations.

The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Humulus lupulus.

The list below provides more details on why Humulus lupulus offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.

• Reduces Inflammation: This plant contains a variety of compounds that have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce swelling and alleviate pain in the body. The plant's extracts have been found to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes, thereby reducing inflammation and promoting healing.
• Prevents Cancer Cells: The plant contains a range of bioactive compounds that have been found to have anti-cancer properties, including the ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death. These compounds have been shown to be effective against various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, and lung cancer.
• Relieves Anxiety Symptoms: The plant contains a compound called humulone, which has been found to have anxiolytic properties, meaning it can help to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. This compound has been shown to interact with the body's GABA receptors, leading to a calming effect and reduced anxiety symptoms.
• Treats Digestive Issues: The plant has been traditionally used to treat a range of digestive issues, including indigestion, bloating, and irritable bowel syndrome. Its extracts have been found to possess anti-spasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to soothe the digestive tract and alleviate symptoms.
• Fights Bacterial Infections: The plant contains a range of bioactive compounds that have been found to have antibacterial properties, including the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and kill off existing infections. These compounds have been shown to be effective against a range of bacteria, including E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
• Lessens Pain Sensation: The plant contains a range of compounds that have been found to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce pain and alleviate discomfort. These compounds have been shown to interact with the body's opioid receptors, leading to a decrease in pain sensation.
• Combats Free Radicals: The plant contains a range of antioxidants that have been found to have free radical scavenging properties, which can help to combat oxidative stress and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. These antioxidants have been shown to neutralize free radicals and prevent them from causing damage to cells and tissues.
• Lowers Blood Pressure: The plant contains a range of compounds that have been found to have vasodilatory properties, which can help to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. These compounds have been shown to relax blood vessels and improve blood flow, leading to a decrease in blood pressure.
• Reduces Oxidative Stress: The plant contains a range of antioxidants that have been found to have anti-oxidative properties, which can help to reduce oxidative stress and alleviate symptoms of chronic diseases. These antioxidants have been shown to neutralize free radicals and prevent them from causing damage to cells and tissues.
• Soothes Skin Irritations: The plant has been traditionally used to treat a range of skin irritations, including eczema, acne, and dermatitis. Its extracts have been found to possess anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, which can help to soothe and calm the skin, reducing symptoms of irritation and inflammation.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Humulus lupulus for each of the major body system.

Circulatory System

Humulus lupulus improves blood flow due to its vasodilatory properties, which allow blood vessels to relax and expand, increasing the amount of blood that can flow through them.

This increased blood flow enhances circulation, which in turn regulates blood pressure by balancing the amount of blood being pumped through the vessels. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Humulus lupulus also strengthen heart function by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the cardiac tissue. Additionally, the plant's ability to reduce inflammation and promote vascular health enhances oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, preventing blood clots from forming due to its antithrombotic properties.

By improving endothelial function and lowering cholesterol levels, Humulus lupulus supports the overall health of the circulatory system.

The medicinal benefits of Humulus lupulus on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Varicose veins
• Arteriosclerosis
• Hypotension
• Thrombophlebitis
• Atherosclerosis
• Raynaud's disease
• Cardiac arrhythmia
• Hypertension

Digestive System

Humulus lupulus relieves bloating due to its spasmolytic properties, which help to relax the smooth muscles in the digestive tract.

Its anti-inflammatory properties reduce inflammation, thereby alleviating discomfort and pain associated with digestive issues. The plant's ability to regulate digestion is attributed to its prebiotic properties, which promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, thereby enhancing nutrient absorption and assimilation. Additionally, Humulus lupulus promotes peristalsis through its stimulatory effects on the enteric nervous system, which helps to regulate the movement of food through the digestive tract.

The plant's antimicrobial and antioxidant properties protect the gut lining, restore gut flora, release toxins, and reduce gas, thereby preventing diarrhea and promoting a healthy digestive system.

The medicinal benefits of Humulus lupulus on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Gastritis
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Bloating
• Indigestion

Endocrine System

Humulus lupulus regulates hormone levels by exhibiting a weak estrogenic effect, which helps balance the endocrine system.

It supports adrenal function through its adaptogenic properties, allowing the body to cope with stress. By exhibiting anti-anxiety and sedative effects due to its sesquiterpenoid content, Humulus lupulus reduces cortisol production, promoting relaxation and reducing stress. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help stabilize insulin sensitivity by protecting pancreatic cells from oxidative damage, while its flavonoids enhance thyroid activity, supporting the proper functioning of the thyroid gland.

Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties decrease inflammation causes and improve metabolic rate, reduce oxidative stress, promote liver detoxification, and boost the immune system, ultimately supporting the overall health of the endocrine system.

The medicinal benefits of Humulus lupulus on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Hypothyroidism
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos)
• Hyperlipidemia
• Anxiety
• Insomnia
• Menopause
• Gallstones

Integumentary System

Humulus lupulus protect skin from damage with its antioxidant properties, which neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress.

Its anti-inflammatory properties also reduce inflammation in the integumentary system, alleviating redness and swelling associated with various skin conditions. Additionally, Humulus lupulus prevents oxidation, a process that can lead to premature aging and cell damage. Its antimicrobial properties soothe irritation, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause infections.

By stimulating regeneration, Humulus lupulus enhances wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and tissue repair, while also improving hydration through its ability to stabilize moisture levels, which is particularly beneficial for individuals with dry skin.

The medicinal benefits of Humulus lupulus on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Acne
• Eczema
• Psoriasis
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Insect bites
• Skin irritations

Lymphatic System

Humulus lupulus boosts immune function by exhibiting antimicrobial properties that inhibit the growth of pathogens and reduce oxidative stress.

Stimulating detoxification, it contains antioxidants that neutralize free radicals and promote the removal of toxins from the body. The plant enhances filtration in the lymphatic system by containing diuretic properties that increase urine production and reduce fluid retention. Regulating fluids, its anti-inflammatory properties reduce swelling and alleviate symptoms associated with lymphedema.

By exhibiting vasodilatory properties, Humulus lupulus improves circulation, reduces inflammation, promotes relaxation, stimulates lymph flow, supports tissue repair, and enhances drainage, ultimately maintaining a healthy lymphatic system.

The medicinal benefits of Humulus lupulus on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Lymphedema
• Edema
• Varicose veins
• Lymphadenitis
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Lymphocytopenia
• Lymphangitis

Musculoskeletal System

Humulus lupulus relaxes muscles through its flavonoid and lignan compounds, which exhibit a sedative effect on muscle spasms.

The plant's anti-inflammatory properties reduce inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes, thereby alleviating joint pain and discomfort. Humulus lupulus soothes joints by suppressing the activity of cytokines, which are molecules responsible for inflammation, and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The plant's antioxidant properties ease arthritis by protecting against oxidative stress and tissue damage.

Regular consumption of Humulus lupulus calms pain, stabilizes bones, protects tendons, heals ligaments, prevents degeneration, and supports flexibility due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, ultimately promoting overall musculoskeletal health.

The medicinal benefits of Humulus lupulus on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Arthritis
• Rheumatism
• Inflammation
• Pain
• Muscle spasms

Nervous System

Humulus lupulus stimulates neurotransmitters by containing xanthohumol, a flavonoid that acts as a neurotransmitter modulator, thereby enhancing cognitive alertness.

This plant regulates nerve function through its antioxidant properties, which protect nerve cells from oxidative damage and maintain their integrity. Additionally, Humulus lupulus reduces stress hormones by exhibiting adaptogenic properties that help the body adapt to stress, thereby promoting relaxation techniques and supporting sleep quality. The flavonoids and sesquiterpenes present in Humulus lupulus soothe anxiety symptoms by exerting a sedative effect on the nervous system, while its anti-inflammatory properties decrease inflammation response and improve mood stabilization.

Furthermore, Humulus lupulus boosts dopamine levels and reduces stress hormones, ultimately resulting in a decrease in anxiety symptoms and an improvement in overall mood, which can also reduce stress hormones.

The medicinal benefits of Humulus lupulus on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Anxiety
• Insomnia
• Depression
• Hyperactivity
• Nervous tension

Reproductive System

Humulus lupulus regulate hormones, particularly estrogen, through its flavonoids and phenolic acids, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, thereby reducing the risk of hormonal imbalances and disorders.

The essential oil in Humulus lupulus stimulate ovulation by acting as an adaptogen, helping the body adapt to stress and promoting the release of reproductive hormones. Additionally, its sesquiterpenes enhance fertility in both men and women by improving sperm quality and motility, as well as increasing the number of viable eggs. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in Humulus lupulus also reduce inflammation in the reproductive system, which can lead to conditions such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Furthermore, Humulus lupulus increase libido through its vasodilatory properties, balance estrogen levels to prevent conditions such as breast cancer and fibroids, improve menstruation by regulating the menstrual cycle, promote relaxation by reducing stress and anxiety, prevent abortions by supporting fetal development, and support pregnancy by providing essential nutrients and antioxidants to the developing fetus.

The medicinal benefits of Humulus lupulus on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Menorrhagia
• Endometriosis
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Premenstrual syndrome
• Irregular menstruation
• Infertility

Respiratory System

Humulus lupulus reduce inflammation in the respiratory system due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which are responsible for its ability to alleviate swelling and pain.

Preventing asthma attacks is another benefit of Humulus lupulus, as its extracts exhibit antispasmodic properties that help relax airway muscles and prevent bronchospasm. The plant's antimicrobial properties fight infections by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause respiratory infections and diseases. Ease congestion by using Humulus lupulus, as its extracts stimulate the production of mucus, which helps to trap and remove pathogens and debris from the airways.

Boost immunity by consuming Humulus lupulus, which contains antioxidants that protect cells from oxidative damage and strengthen the immune system, eliminating mucus, soothing lungs, relieving cough, strengthening airways, and protecting the respiratory system.

The medicinal benefits of Humulus lupulus on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Cough
• Inflammation
• Pneumonia
• Tuberculosis

Urinary System

Humulus lupulus prevents kidney stones due to its antimicrobial properties that inhibit bacterial growth and reduce the formation of oxalate crystals.

It treats urinary tract infections by exhibiting antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities that eliminate pathogens and reduce inflammation in the urinary tract. Additionally, Humulus lupulus reduces urinary frequency in individuals with overactive bladder by exerting antispasmodic effects that relax the smooth muscle in the bladder. The plant alleviates prostate enlargement by possessing anti-androgenic properties that counteract the effects of testosterone on prostate growth.

Furthermore, Humulus lupulus relieves urinary incontinence and urinary retention by suppressing the growth of tumors and scar tissue that obstruct the urinary tract, while its antioxidant properties cure interstitial cystitis and heal bladder ulcers by neutralizing oxidative stress and promoting tissue repair.

The medicinal benefits of Humulus lupulus on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Urinary tract infections
• Kidney stones
• Bladder inflammation
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Overactive bladder

What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Humulus lupulus?

The therapeutic properties of Humulus lupulus are characterized by its antimicrobial activity, which inhibits the growth of various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi.

The antioxidant properties of Humulus lupulus, primarily attributed to its flavonoid content, help neutralize free radicals and protect against oxidative stress. Additionally, the plant exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which are partly due to the presence of sesquiterpenes that modulate the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes. The anxiolytic and sedative properties of Humulus lupulus are attributed to its volatile oil content, which has been shown to interact with the central nervous system to produce a calming effect.

Furthermore, Humulus lupulus has been found to possess analgesic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, which are essential in the treatment of various health conditions, including pain, muscle spasms, and infectious diseases.

The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Humulus lupulus.

The list below provides more details on why Humulus lupulus has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.

• Antimicrobial: Humulus lupulus has demonstrated antimicrobial properties, particularly against certain types of bacteria and fungi, due to the presence of its essential oils and other bioactive compounds.
• Antioxidant: The flavonoids and phenolic acids present in Humulus lupulus possess antioxidant properties, which help protect cells from oxidative damage and may contribute to its potential health benefits.
• Anti-Inflammatory: Humulus lupulus has been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, likely due to the presence of its flavonoids and phenolic acids, which can help reduce inflammation and alleviate related symptoms.
• Anxiolytic: The essential oils of Humulus lupulus, particularly xanthohumol and humulone, have been shown to possess anxiolytic properties, which may help alleviate anxiety and stress.
• Sedative: Humulus lupulus has been traditionally used as a sedative, and its essential oils have been found to possess sedative properties, which can help induce relaxation and reduce stress.
• Analgesic: The flavonoids and phenolic acids present in Humulus lupulus may also possess analgesic properties, helping to alleviate pain and discomfort.
• Antispasmodic: Humulus lupulus has been found to exhibit antispasmodic properties, which can help alleviate muscle spasms and related symptoms.
• Antibacterial: The essential oils of Humulus lupulus have been shown to possess antibacterial properties, particularly against certain types of bacteria, due to the presence of its bioactive compounds.
• Antifungal: Humulus lupulus has demonstrated antifungal properties, likely due to the presence of its essential oils and other bioactive compounds, which can help inhibit the growth of certain types of fungi.
• Antiviral: The flavonoids and phenolic acids present in Humulus lupulus may possess antiviral properties, helping to inhibit the replication of certain types of viruses.

What are the major healing constituents of Humulus lupulus?

The healing constituents of Humulus lupulus are primarily responsible for its medicinal properties.

Humulone and lupulone, two sesquiterpene lactones, have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, while also exhibiting antiseptic and antioxidant effects. Phenolic acids, including ferulic acid and caffeic acid, have been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Flavonoids, such as quercetin, have been identified in Humulus lupulus and have been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties.

These constituents contribute to the plant's overall ability to soothe and protect the body, making it a popular ingredient in herbal remedies.

The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Humulus lupulus.

The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Humulus lupulus and why they are important for health.

• Humulone: A sesquiterpene bitter compound with alpha- and beta-isomers, exhibiting antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Lupulone: Lupulone is a sesquiterpene coumarin derivative found in Humulus lupulus, displaying antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and estrogenic properties.
• Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are a class of compounds found in Humulus lupulus, characterized by their ability to act as antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and anti-inflammatory compounds, with reported effects on cardiovascular health, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity.
• Flavonoids: Flavonoids are flavonoid compounds found in Humulus lupulus with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
• Quercetin: Quercetin is a flavonoid antioxidant with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties.
• Xanthohumol: Xanthohumol is a prenylated chalcone that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
• Kaempferol: Kaempferol is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
• Isohumulone: Isohumulone is a sesquiterpene phenol with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
• Saponins: Saponins are a type of triterpenoid and steroid glycoside found in Humulus lupulus, known to have surface-active and foaming properties, and are typically bitter and astringent in taste.
• Sesquiterpenes: Sesquiterpenes are a type of compound found in Humulus lupulus, characterized by their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.

The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Humulus lupulus and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.

What are the most used parts of Humulus lupulus in medicine?

The most used part of Humulus lupulus for medicinal purposes is the flowers, which contain flavonoids, particularly xanthohumol, and essential oils.

The primary bioactive compounds in the flowers include humulone, lupulone, and beta-caryophyllene, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The flowers also possess antimicrobial and antiviral activities, making them useful in treating various infections. The primary medicinal properties of the flowers are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial, which contribute to their potential use in treating conditions such as arthritis, digestive issues, and respiratory problems.

The essential oils present in the flowers also exhibit analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, making them useful in pain management.

The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Humulus lupulus in medicine.

The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Humulus lupulus in medicine and why.

• Flowers: The flowers of this plant are rich in bioactive compounds such as lupulin, humulone, and xanthohumol, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, resulting in potential health benefits including reduced inflammation, improved cardiovascular health, and enhanced immune function.

The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Humulus lupulus mentioned above.

What are the most common medicinal preparations of Humulus lupulus?

The most common herbal preparation of Humulus lupulus for medicinal purposes are tincture, which is used to treat anxiety and insomnia due to its sedative properties.

A salve is also used, often in combination with other herbal remedies, to soothe skin irritations and inflammation. Tea is consumed to alleviate symptoms of restlessness and indigestion. Essential oil is utilized in aromatherapy to promote relaxation and reduce stress.

Decoction, often prepared with other herbs, is used to treat digestive issues such as diarrhea and nausea, while suppository is used to treat stomach cramps and menstrual issues, and capsule is used to alleviate symptoms of restlessness and anxiety.

The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Humulus lupulus.

The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Humulus lupulus and what are their main uses.

• Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used as an anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and sleep aid, to treat insomnia, restlessness, and anxiety disorders.
• Salve: Salve made from this plant is used topically to treat inflammation, itching, and skin irritations, and to relieve symptoms of eczema, acne, and other skin conditions.
• Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness due to its sedative and antispasmodic properties, and is also used to improve sleep quality and reduce symptoms of menopause.
• Essential Oil: Essential oil made from this plant is used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness, as well as to improve sleep quality and reduce inflammation.
• Decoction: Decoction made from this plant is used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness, and to reduce inflammation.
• Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, and to promote sleep.

The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Humulus lupulus for each medicinal preparation.

Tincture

Humulus lupulus tincture is a herbal preparation used to treat anxiety, insomnia, inflammation, sleep disorder, eczema, rheumatism, hyperactivity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, nausea, and muscle spasm.

It's one of the most commonly used herbal remedies, found in many households and used by people of all ages. One of its most notable effects is its ability to induce relaxation and reduce stress levels, making it a popular choice for people dealing with anxiety and insomnia. The tincture is typically made from the flowers and leaves of the Humulus lupulus plant, which are combined with a solvent such as ethanol or glycerin to extract their active compounds.

While it's relatively easy to find Humulus lupulus tincture in stores, making it at home requires some knowledge of herbalism and can be moderately difficult, as it involves accurately measuring the plant material and solvent, as well as allowing the mixture to steep for a sufficient amount of time.

Below you find an image of Humulus lupulus tincture.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Humulus lupulus tincture.

1. Gather fresh Humulus lupulus flowers and leaves, and clean them thoroughly.
2. Combine the cleaned flowers and leaves in a clean glass jar, and cover them with a 35% ethanol or vodka solution.
3. Steep the mixture in a cool, dark place for 2-3 weeks, shaking the jar daily to facilitate extraction.
4. Strain the liquid from the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into another clean glass container, discarding the solids.
5. Transfer the tincture to dark glass bottles, seal them tightly, and store them in a cool, dark place.

Salve

Humulus lupulus salve is a herbal preparation used to treat various skin conditions, including eczema, acne, psoriasis, warts, bruises, and insect bites.

It's a common remedy in many folk and herbal medicine traditions, often found in health food stores and online marketplaces. The salve typically has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, which help to reduce redness and swelling. It's commonly made from the flowers and leaves of the Humulus lupulus plant, which contain compounds like lupulone and humulone.

However, the preparation process can be challenging due to the difficulty of extracting the active compounds from the plant material, requiring specialized equipment and techniques.

Below you find an image of Humulus lupulus salve.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Humulus lupulus salve.

1. Gather fresh flowers and leaves of the Humulus lupulus plant, typically found in temperate regions.
2. Dry the gathered flowers and leaves in a warm, dry place or using a food dehydrator to preserve their potency.
3. Combine the dried flowers and leaves in a bowl, allowing them to steep in a carrier oil, such as olive or coconut oil, for several weeks.
4. Strain the oil mixture through a cheesecloth or fine-mesh sieve into a clean bowl, discarding the solids and retaining the infused oil.
5. Mix the infused oil with a natural wax, such as beeswax, in a double boiler or a heat-proof bowl set over a pot of simmering water, until the wax is fully incorporated and the mixture has cooled and solidified into a salve.

Tea

Humulus lupulus tea is a herbal preparation used to treat anxiety, insomnia, inflammation, pain, diarrhea, digestive issues, stress, and urinary issues.

It's one of the most common herbal teas used worldwide, particularly in Europe and Asia. One of its well-documented effects is sedation, which is why it's often recommended as a natural sleep aid. The tea is typically made with the flowers and leaves of the Humulus lupulus plant, which are easy to dry and combine with hot water to make a soothing brew.

With a few simple steps, anyone can prepare Humulus lupulus tea at home, making it a convenient and accessible remedy for various health issues.

Below you find an image of Humulus lupulus tea.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Humulus lupulus tea.

1. Gather a sufficient amount of Humulus lupulus flowers and leaves from a trusted source.
2. Rinse the flowers and leaves with clean water to remove any dirt or impurities.
3. Combine the flowers and leaves in a tea infuser or a heat-resistant container.
4. Steep the mixture in boiling water for an adequate amount of time to allow the herbal properties to infuse.
5. Strain the tea and serve it hot or cold, depending on personal preference.

Essential Oil

Humulus lupulus essential oil is a preparation used to treat anxiety, insomnia, stress, sleep disorders, PMS, restlessness, nervousness, menstrual cramps, and digestive issues.

It's commonly used due to its widespread availability in herbal medicine. A common effect of this oil is its sedative and anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to its therapeutic benefits. This oil is typically made from the flowers and leaves of the Humulus lupulus plant.

Due to the complex process of steam distillation required, the preparation is considered hard to make.

Below you find an image of Humulus lupulus essential oil.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Humulus lupulus essential oil.

1. Gather fresh Humulus lupulus flowers and leaves, ensuring they are free of contaminants.
2. Dry the collected flowers and leaves in a well-ventilated area or using a food dehydrator to preserve their potency.
3. Comminute the dried flowers and leaves into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle or a spice grinder.
4. Place the powdered mixture in a steam distillation apparatus and heat it using a gentle steam flow to extract the essential oil.
5. Collect the extracted essential oil and filter it using a coffee filter or paper filter to remove any impurities.

Decoction

Humulus lupulus decoction is a herbal preparation used to treat various conditions, including menopause, insomnia, anxiety, gastroesophageal reflux disease and digestive issues, as well as hemorrhoids.

It's a common preparation used in traditional medicine, widely available in health food stores and pharmacies. This decoction has a sedative effect, helping to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.

It's typically made by steeping the flowers and leaves of the Humulus lupulus plant in hot water, a moderately difficult process that requires some knowledge of herbalism and attention to detail.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Humulus lupulus decoction.

1. Gather fresh or dried Humulus lupulus flowers and leaves, ensuring they are free from contamination.
2. Combine the flowers and leaves in a pot, using a sufficient amount for the desired yield.
3. Add water to the pot, filling it to the top, and ensure the herbs are fully submerged.
4. Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat to a simmer and let it steep for an extended period.
5. Strain the decoction through a cheesecloth or a fine-mesh sieve into a clean container, discarding the solids.

Capsule

Humulus lupulus capsule is used to treat anxiety, insomnia, depression, inflammation, eczema, pain, stress, hypertension, digestive issues and cancer.

It's a very common herbal preparation due to its widespread use in traditional medicine. One of its most common effects is the sedative action, which is caused by the presence of essential oils and flavonoids in the flowers and leaves used to make it.

The preparation is typically made from the flowers and leaves of the Humulus lupulus plant, and its manufacturing process is moderately complex, requiring careful drying and extraction of the active compounds.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Humulus lupulus capsule.

1. Gather fresh flowers and leaves of the Humulus lupulus plant.
2. Dry the collected flowers and leaves in a well-ventilated area to remove excess moisture.
3. Grind the dried flowers and leaves into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
4. Fill empty gelatin capsules with the powdered Humulus lupulus mixture.
5. Seal the capsules to preserve the herbal content.

What are the possible side effects of Humulus lupulus if used improperly?

The possible side effects of improperly using Humulus lupulus are interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners and diabetes medications, increasing the risk of bleeding or hypoglycemia.

Using it can also induce liver damage and kidney problems, especially in people with pre-existing conditions. The improper use of Humulus lupulus may aggravate allergies and cause skin irritation, including hives and rashes. It can trigger severe allergic reactions in rare cases, including anaphylaxis, which is life-threatening.

Additionally, Humulus lupulus may amplify the effects of other medications, such as sedatives and antidepressants, leading to excessive drowsiness or other adverse effects that exacerbate existing medical conditions, enhance the risk of serotonin syndrome, stimulate the production of stomach acid, and inhibit the production of certain enzymes.

The most common side effects Humulus lupulus gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Interact: Humulus lupulus interacts with various medications including blood thinners, diabetes medications, and certain antidepressants.
• Increase: Sedative effects of Humulus lupulus are increased by its combination with other sedatives
• Induce: Produces sedative effects leading to relaxation and decreased anxiety.
• Aggravate: Humulus lupulus essential oil can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some individuals.
• Trigger: Humulone and lupulone in Humulus lupulus cause a trigger response in people with a history of anxiety.
• Amplify: Increases sensitivity to estrogen, a hormone, in the body.
• Exacerbate: Humulus lupulus exacerbates anxiety and insomnia in individuals with pre-existing conditions.
• Enhance: Humulus lupulus enhances the effects of certain medications, specifically sedatives and anxiolytics.
• Stimulate: Increases alertness and activity
• Inhibit: Humulus lupulus inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme activity.

What are the precautions to take before using Humulus lupulus medicinally?

The precautions to take before using Humulus lupulus medicinally are to consult a healthcare professional to discuss potential risks and benefits, monitor liver function due to the risk of increased liver enzymes, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding as it may affect fetal development or infant health.

Interact with sedatives and antidepressants to understand potential synergistic effects, as Humulus lupulus may exacerbate anxiety in some individuals, and use in moderation to minimize adverse effects. Be aware of allergy symptoms such as hives or itching, and may interact with blood thinners, which can increase the risk of bleeding complications.

Do not exceed the recommended dosage, and report to a doctor any side effects that occur, such as dizziness or stomach upset.

The most important precautions you must take before using Humulus lupulus for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Consult A Healthcare Professional: Use of Humulus lupulus may interact with medications such as anticoagulants, antidiabetics, and sedatives, and for pregnant women, it may stimulate the uterus and cause contractions.
• Monitor Liver Function: Humulus lupulus may cause liver injury, so regular liver function tests are recommended.
• Avoid In Pregnancy And Breastfeeding: Humulus lupulus may cause uterine stimulation and should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding to prevent potential complications.
• Interact With Sedatives And Antidepressants: H. lupulus interacts with sedatives and antidepressants by inhibiting CYP3A4 enzyme, increasing plasma levels of these medications.
• May Exacerbate Anxiety: Humulus lupulus contains valerenic acid, which may cause anxiogenic effects in some individuals.
• Use In Moderation: High doses cause hepatotoxicity and interact with various medications, including warfarin and immunosuppressants.
• Be Aware Of Allergy Symptoms: Humulus lupulus contains allergenic compounds that cause skin irritation and respiratory symptoms in sensitive individuals.
• May Interact With Blood Thinners: Hops interact with warfarin and other anticoagulants, increasing risk of bleeding.
• Do Not Exceed Recommended Dosage: Exceeding recommended amounts of Humulus lupulus extracts can cause adverse effects, including sedation, gastrointestinal upset, and interaction with medications.
• Report To A Doctor Any Side Effects: Inform a doctor about any adverse reactions experienced while using Humulus lupulus.

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