Holoptelea integrifolia
Holoptelea integrifolia · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (2 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Holoptelea integrifolia is a medicinal plant species that has garnered significant scientific interest due to its diverse therapeutic potential. Recent studies have focused on the leaf of this plant, specifically utilizing its aqueous extract for various pharmacological evaluations. Research highlights its potent antibacterial and antiviral activities, making it a subject of intense investigation in combating infectious diseases. Notably, the presence of the chemical compound 1,4-Naphthalenedione suggests a strong mechanism for its biological efficacy. These findings are particularly promising in the context of addressing resistant pathogens such as MRSA.
- Synonyms
- Ulmus Integrifolia
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Ulmaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Leaf
Classification
Common Names
Holoptelea integrifolia is a versatile species known by a diverse array of regional and descriptive names. It is widely recognized by the common name Indian elm, though it is also frequently referred to as the Indian-elm. In certain areas, locals may call this tree the chilbil, reflecting its deep-rooted cultural significance. It also carries the name jungle corktree, a title that highlights its distinct bark and forest presence. Finally, the plant is sometimes identified as holoptelea celistvolistá, illustrating the many ways it is classified across different linguistic landscapes.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Holoptelea integrifolia is a distinctive species that is sometimes identified in botanical literature under a different name. Specifically, it has been noted to have the synonym Ulmus integrifolia in various taxonomic records. This relationship can occasionally cause confusion for researchers navigating historical plant databases. Understanding these nomenclatural links is essential for accurate species identification and conservation efforts. Therefore, recognizing both names ensures that the botanical identity of this tree remains consistent across different studies.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Holoptelea integrifolia belongs to the expansive kingdom Plantae, showcasing the fundamental characteristics of the plant world. Within this kingdom, it is classified under the class Equisetopsida, marking its place among diverse vascular plants. The species is further categorized into the order Rosales, a group known for its significant botanical diversity. Moving down the taxonomic hierarchy, it falls under the family Ulmaceae, which connects it to many other prominent tree species. Finally, it is defined by its specific genus, Holoptelea, which distinguishes it within its biological lineage.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Rosales |
| Family | Ulmaceae |
| Genus | Holoptelea |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Holoptelea integrifolia is widely distributed across the tropical regions of Asia, showing a strong presence throughout the Indian Subcontinent. This species can be found spanning the diverse landscapes of India and its neighboring territories, including Bangladesh and Nepal. Its natural range also extends into the lush environments of Assam and the rugged terrains of the East Himalaya. Such a broad geographic footprint highlights the plant's ability to thrive in various subtropical climates. Ultimately, these widespread relationships underscore the significant ecological role this tree plays across South Asia.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Holoptelea integrifolia is a self-supporting tree that serves as a sturdy element in its natural landscape. This species typically exhibits a graceful growth form as it matures. It reaches a maximum height of approximately 18 meters, making it a prominent feature of its ecosystem.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Holoptelea integrifolia, commonly known as the Indian Elm Tree, possesses significant medicinal properties that include both antibacterial and antiviral activities. Research has identified 1,4-naphthalenedione within its leaves as a potent antibacterial principle capable of targeting beta-lactam resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the plant contains bioactive metabolites like DHS and EGG, which have demonstrated significant antiviral effects against viruses such as HSV-1 and Coxsackie B4. These metabolites also exhibit impressive antibacterial potency, showing promise in inhibiting multidrug-resistant organisms like MRSA and Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia. Through both in vitro studies and molecular docking analysis, the dual therapeutic potential of this plant is increasingly supported by scientific evidence.
Compounds
Conditions
Holoptelea integrifolia contains bioactive metabolites that demonstrate significant medicinal potential against various multidrug-resistant pathogens. The plant's compounds, specifically DHS and EGG, provide effective antiviral action against the Coxsackie (CoxB4) virus. Regarding bacterial and fungal threats, the plant shows high inhibitory potency against MRSA and Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia. Furthermore, it successfully treats ESBL - Escherichia coli through its potent antibacterial properties. Finally, the metabolites from this species also exhibit significant inhibition against Fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans.
Preparations
Holoptelea integrifolia is prepared as an aqueous extract from its leaves to evaluate its potential safety profile. This specific preparation was administered to Wistar albino rats to study its effects on vital organs. Researchers utilized the aqueous extract at a dosage of 250mg/kg body weight over a period of five days. Histopathological examinations were then conducted to observe any changes in the liver and kidney tissues caused by this extract. The study ultimately concluded that this aqueous form of the plant may be safe and non-toxic to these organs.
Parts used
Holoptelea integrifolia possesses leaves that serve as a vital source of potent bioactive compounds. Recent research has focused on isolating 1,4-naphthalenedione from these specific leaf extracts to combat antibiotic resistance. This particular phytochemical has demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against beta-lactam resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. By testing various solvent extracts, scientists identified that diethyl ether provides the most effective concentration for therapeutic use. Ultimately, the structural properties of this leaf-derived principle suggest it may function as a key inhibitor to beta-lactamase enzymes.