Harrisonia perforata

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Anisifolium pubescens
• Ebelingia paucijuga
• Feroniella pubescens
• Lasiolepis bennetii var. paucijuga
• Lasiolepis bennetii var. multijuga
• Harrisonia bennettii
• Harrisonia citrinicarpa
• Feroniella puberula
• Paliurus dubius
• Paliurus perforatus
• Limonia pubescens
• Lasiolepis paucijuga
• Lasiolepis multijuga

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, Harrisonia perforata, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Sapindales and the family Rutaceae. Ultimately, it is categorized under the genus Harrisonia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a diverse geographical distribution spanning several regions across Asia. In China, it can be found specifically in Hainan and throughout China Southeast. Its presence extends into the Indian Subcontinent, where it is recorded in Bangladesh. Additionally, the species is located within the Indo-China region, specifically inhabiting the Andaman Islands. Finally, its range includes the country of Cambodia, completing its wide regional footprint.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Harrisonia perforata is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, meaning it persists through multiple growing seasons rather than completing its life cycle in a single year. As a perennial species, it maintains a long-term presence in its natural habitat, often developing woody structures that allow it to withstand seasonal fluctuations and environmental stressors over several years. This perennial nature enables the plant to establish a stable physiological foundation, allowing for repeated reproductive cycles and continuous vegetative growth across successive seasons.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

Morphologically, Harrisonia perforata is characterized as a woody shrub that exhibits a self-supporting growth habit. The plant typically reaches a mean height of approximately 2.75 m, though its stature can vary significantly, with recorded heights ranging from a minimum of 1 m to a maximum of 2 m depending on environmental conditions and developmental stage.

Climber :

self-supporting

Growth form :

shrub

Plant height max:

2 m

Plant height mean:

2.75 m

Plant height min:

1 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Harrisonia perforata is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which governs its carbon fixation processes and energy production. The morphology of its foliage is defined by specific dimensional parameters, where the leaf length typically ranges from a minimum of 8 cm to a maximum of 14 cm, maintaining a mean length of approximately 11 cm. Complementing these longitudinal dimensions, the leaf width varies between a minimum of 1.5 cm and a maximum of 2 cm. Furthermore, the plant does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it relies on the uptake of available nitrogen from the soil rather than through symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation.

Leaf length max:

14 cm

Leaf length mean:

11 cm

Leaf length min:

8 cm

Leaf width max:

2 cm

Leaf width min:

1.5 cm

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Harrisonia perforata involves the development of distinct fruits that serve as the primary vessel for seed dispersal. These fruits exhibit a consistent morphological profile, typically presenting a nearly spherical or rounded shape. Quantitatively, the fruit dimensions show a controlled range, with the fruit length varying from a minimum of 1 cm to a maximum of 1.5 cm. Similarly, the fruit width follows a comparable distribution, starting at a minimum of 1 cm and reaching a maximum of 1.5 cm. On average, the reproductive output of the plant yields fruits with a mean length of 1.25 cm and a mean width of 1.25 cm, indicating a highly uniform size distribution within the population during the fruiting stage.

Fruit length max:

1.5 cm

Fruit length mean:

1.25 cm

Fruit length min:

1 cm

Fruit width max:

1.5 cm

Fruit width mean:

1.25 cm

Fruit width min:

1 cm

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Harrisonia perforata has 4 reported plant parts identified across 7 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include fruit, root, stem, leaf.

Fruit

1. Phytochemistry
2. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Root

1. The American journal of Chinese medicine
2. Research in pharmaceutical sciences

Stem

1. Natural product research
2. The American journal of Chinese medicine

Leaf

1. Journal of natural products

Chemicals

Harrisonia perforata has 7 reported phytochemicals identified across 7 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 12-Desacetylhaperforine A, Haperforine A, Haperforine E, Perforalactone B, Perforamone C.

12-Desacetylhaperforine A

1. Journal of natural products

Haperforine A

1. Journal of natural products

Haperforine E

1. Journal of natural products

Perforalactone B

1. International journal of molecular sciences

Perforamone C

1. Natural product research

linoleic acid

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

palmitic acid

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Activities

Harrisonia perforata has 1 reported activities identified across 7 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antipyretic.

Antipyretic

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Conditions

Harrisonia perforata has 7 reported investigations on conditions identified across 7 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, atopic dermatitis, cervical cancer, malaria.

Alzheimer's disease

1. Organic letters

Parkinson's disease

1. International journal of molecular sciences

Atopic dermatitis

1. Research in pharmaceutical sciences

Cervical cancer

1. Natural product research

Malaria

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Skin diseases

1. Research in pharmaceutical sciences

Tobacco mosaic virus

1. Phytochemistry

Preparations

Harrisonia perforata has 10 reported preparations identified across 7 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include EtOAc extract, Twigs, alcohol extraction, crude extracts, dichloromethane extract.

Etoac extract

1. Organic letters

Twigs

1. International journal of molecular sciences

Alcohol extraction

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Crude extracts

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Dichloromethane extract

1. Natural product research

Leaves

1. Journal of natural products

Petroleum ether extraction

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Roots

1. The American journal of Chinese medicine

Roots and stem

1. The American journal of Chinese medicine

Water extracts

1. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet