Harrisonia abyssinica

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Ebelingia abyssinica
• Ebelingia occidentalis
• Fagara guineensis
• Harrisonia abyssinica subsp. occidentalis
• Harrisonia abyssinica f. grandifolia
• Harrisonia abyssinica var. somalensis
• Harrisonia occidentalis
• Zanthoxylum guineense
• Clausena impunctata

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, Harrisonia abyssinica, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Sapindales and the family Rutaceae. Ultimately, its taxonomic position is defined by its placement within the genus Harrisonia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant, Harrisonia abyssinica, exhibits a specific geographical presence within the West Tropical Africa region. Its natural distribution can be traced across several distinct nations in this part of the continent. Specifically, it is found growing in the territories of Benin and Ghana. Furthermore, the species extends its range into the countries of Guinea and Ivory Coast. Finally, its documented occurrence includes the nation of Liberia, completing its regional distribution pattern.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Harrisonia abyssinica is characterized by its ability to thrive in diverse and often transitional environments across its range. This species is primarily found occupying dry bushland and wooded grassland ecosystems, where it can withstand more open and seasonal conditions. Additionally, it demonstrates ecological flexibility by colonizing more sheltered or moisture-influenced niches, such as riverine habitats and forest margins. This distribution suggests an adaptability to varying levels of light availability and soil moisture, allowing it to bridge the gap between dense woodland structures and more arid, open landscapes.

Habitat :

dry bushland, wooded grassland, riverine, forest margins

Life history

The life history of Harrisonia abyssinica is characterized by its status as a perennial species, allowing it to persist in its environment over multiple growing seasons. Throughout its life cycle, the plant maintains an evergreen habit, retaining its foliage year-round rather than shedding it seasonally.

Deciduousness :

evergreen

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Harrisonia abyssinicca is characterized by a woody growth form, primarily manifesting as a shrub. It is a self-supporting, terrestrial species that does not function as a climber or an epiphyte, and it operates as an independent organism rather than a parasite. In terms of stature, the plant exhibits significant vertical variability, with a mean height of approximately 4 meters, though individual specimens can reach a maximum height of up to 9.14 meters.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

shrub

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

9.144111192 m

Plant height mean:

4 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Harrisonia abyssinica is characterized by its specific metabolic and nutrient acquisition strategies. The plant utilizes a C3 photosynthetic pathway, meaning it fixes carbon dioxide through the Calvin cycle using the enzyme RuBisCO, which is typical for many woody shrubs in its ecological niche. In terms of nutrient cycling, Harrisonia abyssinica is not a nitrogen fixer; it lacks the symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form, relying instead on the uptake of nitrates and ammonium from the surrounding soil.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Harrisonia abyssinicca is characterized by a biotic pollination syndrome, primarily facilitated by insect vectors to ensure successful fertilization. This reliance on biological agents indicates a specialized reproductive strategy tailored to its specific ecosystem. Once fertilization is achieved, the plant produces seeds that exhibit a notable range in size. The seed mass varies significantly, with a minimum recorded weight of 0.01012 g and a maximum of 0.07553 g. On average, the seed mass is approximately 0.029565 g, reflecting a level of variability that may influence seed dispersal and initial seedling establishment within its natural habitat.

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Seed mass max:

0.07553 g

Seed mass mean:

0.029565 g

Seed mass min:

0.01012 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Harrisonia abyssinica has 3 reported plant parts identified across 9 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root, stem, leaf.

Root

1. Journal of natural products
2. Mycoses
3. Journal of ethnopharmacology
4. Planta medica
5. Chemotherapy

Stem

1. Fitoterapia
2. Planta medica
3. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

Leaf

1. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

Chemicals

Harrisonia abyssinica has 8 reported phytochemicals identified across 9 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 12beta-Acetoxyharrisonin, 3-friedelanone, Cycloabyssinone, Deoxyobacunone, Flavonoid.

12beta-Acetoxyharrisonin

1. Journal of natural products

3-friedelanone

1. Fitoterapia

Cycloabyssinone

1. Fitoterapia

Deoxyobacunone

1. Journal of natural products

Flavonoid

1. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

Harrisonin

1. Journal of natural products

Obacunone

1. Journal of natural products

Pedonin

1. Journal of natural products

Conditions

Harrisonia abyssinica has 6 reported investigations on conditions identified across 9 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include Plasmodium falciparum, Alzheimer's Disease, Helicobacter pylori, anaplasmosis, bacterial infections.

Plasmodium falciparum

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Planta medica

Alzheimer's disease

1. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

Helicobacter pylori

1. Chemotherapy

Anaplasmosis

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Bacterial infections

1. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

Neurodegenerative disorders

1. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

Preparations

Harrisonia abyssinica has 7 reported preparations identified across 9 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include roots, stem bark, 80 % MeOH extract of Harrisonia abyssinica (root), Leaf Extract, Tea.

Roots

1. Mycoses
2. Journal of ethnopharmacology
3. Chemotherapy

Stem bark

1. Fitoterapia
2. Planta medica

80 % meoh extract of harrisonia abyssinica (root)

1. Planta medica

Leaf extract

1. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

Tea

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Ethanolic extracts

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Root bark

1. Journal of natural products