By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 21, 2024
What to know about Harpagophytum procumbens before using it medicinally
Harpagophytum procumbens, commonly known as devil's claw, is a medicinal herb traditionally used to alleviate various health conditions, including pain, inflammation, and digestive issues.
The herb is known for its ability to reduce symptoms associated with arthritis, fibromyalgia, and other chronic pain conditions. Main health benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens include its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and analgesic properties, which contribute to its therapeutic effects. The bioactive compounds present in the herb, including harpagoside, iridoid glycosides, and phenolic acids, are responsible for its medicinal properties.
People often prepare a tea or decoction from the roots of the plant, which can be used to treat various health conditions, making it a popular herbal remedy in traditional medicine.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Planta medica", Harpagophytum procumbens exhibited significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The dried aqueous extract of Harpagophytum procumbens showed a protective effect against acute inflammatory processes and chemical stimuli, suggesting its potential use in pain management. Additionally, the extract's ability to provide analgesic properties, particularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg, highlights the importance of Harpagophytum procumbens as a natural remedy for pain relief.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Harpagophytum procumbens, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Harpagophytum procumbens provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Arthritis, Inflammation, Rheumatism, Pain, Gout, Tendinitis, Sprains, Fibromyalgia, Fever, Digestive issues |
| Benefits | Reduces inflammation, Relieves joint pain, Improves digestion, Combats oxidative stress, Enhances immune function, Decreases arthritis symptoms, Increases anti-oxidant activity, Alleviates muscle spasms, Supports anti-inflammatory response, Modulates body temperature |
| Properties | Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antioxidant, Antispasmodic, Pain relief, Antimicrobial |
| Constituents | Saponins, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Triterpenoids, Tannins, Coumarins, Phenolic glycosides, Sterols |
| Parts | Roots, Rhizomes |
| Preparations | Tincture, Capsule, Salve, Tea, Oil |
| Side Effects | Experience, Develop, Show, Increase, Worsen, Aggravate, Induce, Manifest, Trigger, Prolong |
| Precaution | Consult a doctor before use, Pregnancy and breastfeeding warning, Dosage guidelines must be followed, Interactions with medications possible, Allergic reactions may occur, Digestive issues may arise, Long-term use may have side effects, Quality and potency vary by source, Children should use with caution, Follow proper preparation and handling |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Harpagophytum procumbens. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Harpagophytum procumbens?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Harpagophytum procumbens?
- What are the major healing constituents of Harpagophytum procumbens?
- What are the most used parts of Harpagophytum procumbens in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Harpagophytum procumbens?
- What are the possible side effects of Harpagophytum procumbens if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Harpagophytum procumbens medicinally?
- Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Harpagophytum procumbens?
- Related herbs to Harpagophytum procumbens?
What are the main medicinal uses of Harpagophytum procumbens?
The main medicinal uses of Harpagophytum procumbens are its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which provide relief for arthritis through its iridoid glycosides, such as harpagoside and procumbide, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes.
This plant is also used to treat inflammation, particularly in the digestive system, due to its ability to modulate the gut microbiota and reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, Harpagophytum procumbens has been traditionally used to alleviate rheumatism, pain, and gout by inhibiting the activity of certain enzymes involved in the degradation of joints and the formation of uric acid crystals. Its spasmolytic and anxiolytic effects also make it useful in treating muscle spasms and anxiety disorders, which often accompany sleep disorders caused by fever, and its sedative properties help regulate sleep patterns.
Additionally, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Harpagophytum procumbens contribute to its efficacy in treating digestive issues.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Harpagophytum procumbens.
The list below provide more details on why Harpagophytum procumbens is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Arthritis: This plant is used for arthritis as it contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, which help to reduce joint pain and inflammation associated with the condition.
- Inflammation: This plant is used for inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce swelling and pain caused by inflammation in the body.
- Rheumatism: This plant is used for rheumatism as it contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, which help to reduce joint pain and stiffness associated with the condition.
- Pain: This plant is used for pain as it contains compounds that have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce pain and inflammation in the body.
- Gout: This plant is used for gout as it contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce swelling and pain caused by gout attacks.
- Tendinitis: This plant is used for tendinitis as it contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, which help to reduce pain and inflammation associated with the condition.
- Sprains: This plant is used for sprains as it contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, which help to reduce pain and inflammation associated with sprains and strains.
- Fibromyalgia: This plant is used for fibromyalgia as it contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, which help to reduce pain and inflammation associated with the condition.
- Fever: This plant is used for fever as it contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which help to reduce fever and alleviate associated symptoms.
- Digestive Issues: This plant is used for digestive issues as it contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, which help to reduce inflammation and alleviate digestive discomfort.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Harpagophytum procumbens, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Inflammation, Arthritis, Rheumatism, Gout, Pain, Fibromyalgia, Osteoarthritis, Stress, Digestive Issues, Anxiety, Muscle Pain, Sprains, Tendinitis, Muscle Spasms, Fever, Insomnia, Gastrointestinal Issues, Bruising, Muscle Soreness, Joint Pain |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Inflammation, Arthritis, Rheumatism, Gout, Back Pain, Osteoarthritis, Fibromyalgia, Fever, Sprains, Digestive Issues, Muscle Spasms, Bursitis, Tendinitis, Muscle Pain, Sciatica, Infection, Stress, Anxiety, Swelling, Diarrhea |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Inflammation, Arthritis, Pain, Rheumatism, Gout, Tendinitis, Fibromyalgia, Muscle Spasms, Muscle Pain, Sprains, Swelling, Osteoarthritis, Digestive Issues, Anxiety, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Stress, Bruising, Fever, Bursitis, Gastrointestinal Issues |
| Unani Medicine | Inflammation, Arthritis, Gout, Rheumatism, Pain, Tendinitis, Muscle Pain, Sprains, Fibromyalgia, Fever, Osteoarthritis, Bursitis, Digestive Issues, Sciatica, Muscle Spasms, Joint Pain, Swelling, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Back Pain, Injury |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Rheumatoid Arthritis, Inflammation, Rheumatism, Pain, Gout, Tendinitis, Sprains, Swelling, Bruising, Fever, Muscle Pain, Digestive Issues, Osteoarthritis, Fibromyalgia, Muscle Spasms, Stiffness, Injury, Bursitis, Sciatica, Stress |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Harpagophytum procumbens is used to treat inflammation, a precursor to various conditions such as arthritis, rheumatism, and gout, which are chronic and often debilitating.
The plant has also been shown to alleviate pain, particularly in fibromyalgia patients who experience widespread and persistent pain. Additionally, Harpagophytum procumbens has been found to be effective in managing osteoarthritis, reducing stress, and addressing digestive issues, which are often comorbidities with anxiety. Furthermore, it has been used to treat muscle pain, sprains, tendinitis, muscle spasms, and fever, and has even been shown to reduce bruising and muscle soreness, as well as alleviate joint pain and gastrointestinal issues.
By reducing inflammation and alleviating pain, Harpagophytum procumbens has also been found to help insomnia, and promote a better night's sleep, ultimately leading to a reduction in muscle spasms and promoting a sense of well-being.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Harpagophytum procumbens is used to treat inflammation, which is often associated with conditions such as arthritis and rheumatism.
This plant is also effective in alleviating gout and back pain, as well as osteoarthritis, which is characterized by joint pain and stiffness. Additionally, Harpagophytum procumbens has been found to provide relief from fibromyalgia symptoms, such as widespread muscle pain and fatigue, and is also used to treat fever, sprains, and digestive issues. Furthermore, it is utilized to alleviate muscle spasms, bursitis, tendinitis, muscle pain, sciatica, and swelling, as well as infection and stress-related conditions like anxiety.
The plant's anti-inflammatory properties also make it effective in treating diarrhea.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Harpagophytum procumbens is used to treat inflammation caused by arthritis, which is characterized by joint pain and swelling.
The plant's anti-inflammatory properties are also effective in managing rheumatism and gout, two conditions that cause severe pain and discomfort. Additionally, Harpagophytum procumbens is used to treat tendinitis, fibromyalgia, and muscle spasms, all of which are associated with chronic pain. Its analgesic properties also help to reduce pain and swelling in the case of sprains and osteoarthritis, as well as digestive issues such as gastrointestinal issues and anxiety, which can be triggered by stress.
Furthermore, the plant has been traditionally used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, relieve muscle pain, reduce bruising and fever, and even alleviate symptoms of bursitis.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Harpagophytum procumbens is used to treat inflammation and arthritis effectively, as it contains harpagoside, a compound that has anti-inflammatory properties.
It is also used to alleviate gout and rheumatism symptoms by reducing inflammation and pain. Additionally, the plant is applied to treat pain, tendinitis, and muscle pain, as well as sprains and fibromyalgia, due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Harpagophytum procumbens is further used to address fever, osteoarthritis, bursitis, and digestive issues by modulating the immune system and reducing inflammation.
It is also a common treatment for sciatica, muscle spasms, joint pain, swelling, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, and injury in unani medicine.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Harpagophytum procumbens is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory condition, and inflammation, which is a hallmark of rheumatism.
It is also effective in alleviating pain, particularly in cases of gout, tendinitis, and sprains, as well as reducing swelling and bruising. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that help to combat fever, and its analgesic effects are beneficial for individuals experiencing muscle pain, digestive issues, and osteoarthritis. Furthermore, Harpagophytum procumbens is used to manage fibromyalgia, muscle spasms, stiffness, and injuries, such as bursitis and sciatica, which are often associated with stress.
Its therapeutic benefits also extend to reducing stress and alleviating symptoms of sciatica.
What are the primary health benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens?
Harpagophytum procumbens reduces inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines, thereby alleviating joint pain and relieving muscle spasms caused by inflammation.
The plant's anti-inflammatory properties also improve digestion by reducing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Harpagophytum procumbens combats oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and increasing anti-oxidant activity, which in turn enhances immune function and decreases arthritis symptoms. Additionally, the plant's ability to modulate body temperature and support anti-inflammatory response makes it beneficial for individuals with chronic conditions, such as arthritis.
Harpagophytum procumbens increases anti-oxidant activity, thereby reducing oxidative stress and alleviating muscle spasms and joint pain caused by inflammation and arthritis.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens.
The list below provides more details on why Harpagophytum procumbens offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Reduces Inflammation: This benefit is attributed to the plant's ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and reduce the activity of inflammatory mediators, leading to a decrease in inflammation and associated pain.
- Relieves Joint Pain: The plant's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties contribute to its ability to relieve joint pain by reducing inflammation, swelling, and discomfort in the affected areas.
- Improves Digestion: The plant's ability to relax the muscles in the digestive tract and increase the secretion of digestive enzymes facilitates the improvement of digestion, reducing symptoms such as bloating, cramps, and constipation.
- Combats Oxidative Stress: The plant's antioxidant properties allow it to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, protecting cells from damage and promoting overall health and well-being.
- Enhances Immune Function: The plant's immunomodulatory properties enable it to stimulate the immune system, increasing its ability to fight off infections and diseases, and promoting a healthy balance of immune responses.
- Decreases Arthritis Symptoms: The plant's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties contribute to its ability to decrease arthritis symptoms, such as pain, stiffness, and swelling, by reducing inflammation and discomfort in the affected joints.
- Increases Anti-Oxidant Activity: The plant's antioxidant properties are enhanced by its ability to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, which protects cells from damage and promotes overall health and well-being.
- Alleviates Muscle Spasms: The plant's muscle-relaxing properties enable it to alleviate muscle spasms by reducing muscle tension and promoting relaxation, which relieves pain and discomfort associated with muscle spasms.
- Supports Anti-Inflammatory Response: The plant's anti-inflammatory properties support the body's natural anti-inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and reducing the activity of inflammatory mediators, leading to a decrease in inflammation and associated pain.
- Modulates Body Temperature: The plant's ability to reduce fever and modulate body temperature is attributed to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which contribute to its ability to reduce inflammation and discomfort associated with fever and other temperature-related conditions.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Improves Blood Flow, Enhances Circulation, Reduces Blood Pressure, Decreases Inflammation, Improves Oxygenation, Prevents Clotting, Stabilizes Arteries, Promotes Relaxation, Boosts Endothelial, Enhances Vasodilation |
| Digestive System | Reduces Inflammation, Prevents Diarrhea, Relaxes Muscles, Heals Ulcers, Improves Digestion, Soothes Irritation, Enhances Absorption, Cures Constipation, Alleviates Bloating, Prevents Nausea |
| Endocrine System | Regulate Hormone, Stabilize Metabolism, Balance Thyroid, Reduce Inflammation, Improve Insulin, Lower Cortisol, Boost Adrenal, Enhance Reproductive, Increase Testosterone, Normalize Progesterone |
| Integumentary System | Reduces Inflammation, Soothes Irritations, Prevents Itchiness, Cures Eczema, Treats Rashes, Heals Wounds, Lessens Redness, Removes Blisters, Cures Boils, Treats Acne |
| Lymphatic System | Reduces Swelling, Boosts Circulation, Fights Infections, Enhances Detoxification, Stimulates Lymph Flow, Relieves Congestion, Supports Immune System, Improves Wound Healing, Relaxes Tissue Tension, Soothes Inflammatory Response |
| Musculoskeletal System | Reduces Joint Inflammation, Relaxes Muscle Tension, Eases Muscle Pain, Soothes Arthritis Symptoms, Relieves Back Pain, Improves Joint Mobility, Decreases Muscle Swelling, Calms Inflammatory Response, Prevents Muscle Deterioration, Boosts Ligament Strength |
| Nervous System | Reduces Stress, Regulates Anxiety, Improves Sleep, Enhances Focus, Boosts Mood, Alleviates Pain, Reduces Inflammation, Increases Relaxation, Decreases Fatigue, Stabilizes Nervousness |
| Reproductive System | Regulates Menstrual, Supports Fertility, Improves Ovulation, Reduces Inflammation, Enhances Libido, Decreases Androgen, Increases Progesterone, Stabilizes Hormones, Cures Endometriosis, Boosts Testosterone |
| Respiratory System | Relieve Cough, Reduce Inflammation, Soothe Lungs, Improve Breathing, Prevent Infections, Ease Congestion, Eliminate Mucus, Stabilize Airways, Minimize Allergies, Enhance Oxygen |
| Urinary System | Supports Urinary Health, Reduces Infection Risk, Prevents Kidney Damage, Treats Urinary Incontinence, Relaxes Bladder Muscles, Reduces Urine Retention, Heals Bladder Ulcers, Prevents Kidney Stones, Soothes Urinary Irritation, Relieves Nocturia Symptoms |
Circulatory System
Harpagophytum procumbens improves blood flow by releasing nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator, and has anti-inflammatory properties that enhance circulation, reducing blood pressure through its vasodilatory effects.
It decreases inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and improves oxygenation by increasing the delivery of oxygen to tissues. By preventing clotting, Harpagophytum procumbens stabilizes arteries, reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. This plant also promotes relaxation by reducing anxiety and stress levels, which in turn boosts endothelial function, enhancing its overall effect on the circulatory system.
Additionally, its anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory properties enhance vasodilation, allowing for more efficient blood flow.
The medicinal benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Arthritis
- Inflammation
- Muscle pain
- Rheumatism
- Menstrual cramps
- Varicose veins
Digestive System
Harpagophytum procumbens reduces inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and free radicals.
Its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties also prevent diarrhea by eliminating pathogenic microorganisms and reducing intestinal inflammation. Additionally, Harpagophytum procumbens relaxes muscles in the digestive tract through its spasmolytic and anticholinergic effects, while its mucilaginous properties heal ulcers by forming a protective barrier. Moreover, its prebiotic and anti-inflammatory properties improve digestion by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and reducing inflammation in the gut.
Harpagophytum procumbens also soothes irritation, enhances absorption, cures constipation, alleviates bloating, and prevents nausea due to its soothing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-secretory effects.
The medicinal benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Gastroenteritis
- Ulcerative colitis
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Diverticulitis
- Crohn's disease
- Peptic ulcer
Endocrine System
Harpagophytum procumbens regulate hormone by modulating the endocrine system through its adaptogenic properties, which help to balance and stabilize metabolism, ensuring efficient energy production and utilization.
The plant's anti-inflammatory properties balance thyroid function, reducing the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone and promoting a healthy metabolism. Furthermore, Harpagophytum procumbens reduce inflammation in the body, which is essential for improving insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, thereby reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the plant's ability to lower cortisol levels and boost adrenal function helps to improve the body's response to stress, which can enhance reproductive health and increase testosterone levels by stimulating the production of sex hormones.
Harpagophytum procumbens also help to normalize progesterone levels, thereby regulating menstrual cycles and improving fertility in women.
The medicinal benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Hypothyroidism
- Menopausal symptoms
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Hypoglycemia
- Endometriosis
Integumentary System
Harpagophytum procumbens reduces inflammation through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help alleviate pain and discomfort associated with various skin conditions.
Soothing irritations on the skin's surface is another benefit, achieved through its anti-irritant properties that calm the skin and reduce redness. Preventing itchiness is also a notable benefit, attributed to its anti-pruritic properties that inhibit the release of histamine and other chemical mediators responsible for itching. Furthermore, Harpagophytum procumbens cures eczema by modulating the immune response and reducing inflammation, while treating rashes is achieved through its antimicrobial properties that combat bacterial and fungal infections.
Harpagophytum procumbens heals wounds by promoting collagen synthesis and tissue repair, lessens redness through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, removes blisters through its anti-inflammatory and anti-exudative properties, cures boils by preventing bacterial infections, and treats acne by regulating sebum production and preventing inflammation.
The medicinal benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Arthritis
- Inflammation
- Pain
- Rheumatism
- Sprains
- Stiffness
Lymphatic System
Harpagophytum procumbens reduces swelling by exerting anti-inflammatory properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines.
It boosts circulation due to its vasodilatory effect, increasing blood flow and oxygen delivery to the affected areas, thereby enhancing the body's natural healing processes. Harpagophytum procumbens fights infections by possessing antimicrobial and antifungal properties, which combat pathogens and prevent their growth. The plant enhances detoxification by stimulating the lymphatic system's natural cleansing mechanisms, facilitating the removal of toxins and waste products.
Harpagophytum procumbum stimulates lymph flow, relieves congestion, supports immune system function, improves wound healing, relaxes tissue tension, and soothes inflammatory response with its antiphlogistic and lymphotropic properties, ultimately promoting a healthy and balanced lymphatic system.
The medicinal benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Lymphedema
- Fibromyalgia
- Arthritis
- Anxiety
- Digestive issues
- Chronic pain
- Inflammation
- Immune system issues
Musculoskeletal System
Harpagophytum procumbens reduces joint inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and scavene free radicals.
Relaxing muscle tension is facilitated by its flavonoid and phenolic acid content, which modulate the activity of neurotransmitters and muscle relaxants. Eases muscle pain is a result of its analgesic and antispasmodic properties, which block pain receptors and relax muscle spasms. Soothes arthritis symptoms through its anti-arthritic and immunomodulatory effects, which reduce inflammation and modulate the immune response.
Relieves back pain, improves joint mobility, decreases muscle swelling, calms inflammatory response, prevents muscle deterioration, and boosts ligament strength, all of which are attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, which work synergistically to alleviate musculoskeletal disorders.
The medicinal benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Arthritis
- Bursitis
- Tendinitis
- Muscle soreness
- Gout
- Fibromyalgia
Nervous System
Harpagophytum procumbens reduces stress through its adaptogenic properties, which enable the body to adapt to stress and promote balance in the nervous system.
It regulates anxiety by containing flavonoids, which have been shown to have a sedative effect and reduce anxiety-related symptoms. The plant improves sleep quality by influencing the body's melatonin levels, promoting a restful night's sleep. Harpagophytum procumbens also enhances focus due to its neuroprotective properties, which help protect neurons and improve cognitive function.
This plant boosts mood, alleviates pain, reduces inflammation, increases relaxation, decreases fatigue, and stabilizes nervousness due to its high concentration of harpagoside, a sesquiterpene lactone with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
The medicinal benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Stress
- Migraines
- Muscle spasms
- Fatigue
- Arthritis
Reproductive System
Harpagophytum procumbens regulates menstrual irregularities through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help to reduce oxidative stress and alleviate symptoms associated with PMS.
It supports fertility by improving ovulation and hormone balance, while its anti-androgenic properties decrease androgen levels and increase progesterone levels, promoting a healthy balance between estrogen and progesterone. Additionally, Harpagophytum procumbens has anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties that reduce inflammation and alleviate endometriosis symptoms, and it enhances libido by stimulating the production of sex hormones. Harpagophytum procumbens also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that improve ovulation and stabilize hormones, leading to increased fertility and regular menstrual cycles.
Furthermore, it has been shown to boost testosterone levels and reduce androgen dominance, promoting a healthy balance between sex hormones.
The medicinal benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Endometriosis
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Menstrual pain
- Infertility
- Hormonal imbalance
- Miscarriage
Respiratory System
Harpagophytum procumbens relieve cough with its expectorant properties, promoting the elimination of excess mucus from the airways.
Its anti-inflammatory properties reduce inflammation, thereby alleviating respiratory issues and soothing the lungs. This plant's antioxidant properties improve breathing by neutralizing free radicals that can damage lung tissue and prevent infections by exhibiting antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Harpagophytum procumbens also ease congestion by reducing the production of mucus, and its anti-spasmodic properties help stabilize airways, minimizing the occurrence of allergic reactions.
Additionally, Harpagophytum procumbens' high oxygen-carrying capacity enhances oxygen delivery to the body's tissues, promoting optimal respiratory function.
The medicinal benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Asthma
- Allergies
- Bronchitis
- Coughs
- Sinusitis
Urinary System
Harpagophytum procumbens supports urinary health by exerting anti-inflammatory properties that reduce inflammation in the urinary tract, and also possesses antimicrobial properties that prevent infection risk.
It prevents kidney damage through its antioxidant properties, which neutralize free radicals and protect kidney cells from oxidative stress. The plant treats urinary incontinence due to its ability to relax bladder muscles, reducing spasms and involuntary contractions. Additionally, Harpagophytum procumbens reduces urine retention by soothing urinary irritation, promoting smooth muscle relaxation in the urinary tract.
Its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties also prevent kidney stones, heal bladder ulcers, and relieve nocturia symptoms by ensuring proper bladder function and reducing inflammation.
The medicinal benefits of Harpagophytum procumbens on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Kidney stones
- Uti
- Bladder infections
- Prostate issues
- Interstitial cystitis
- Overactive bladder
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Harpagophytum procumbens?
The therapeutic properties of Harpagophytum procumbens are attributed to its anti-inflammatory effects, which help alleviate swelling and redness in the body.
The analgesic properties of this plant are due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as harpagoside, a saponin that reduces pain by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Additionally, Harpagophytum procumbens exhibits antioxidant properties, scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage, thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases. The antispasmodic effects of this plant are beneficial in treating muscle spasms and cramps, while its pain-relieving properties make it an effective treatment for various types of pain, including arthritis and fibromyalgia.
Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of Harpagophytum procumbens have been shown to inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms, making it a potential treatment for infections and wound healing.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Harpagophytum procumbens.
The list below provides more details on why Harpagophytum procumbens has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Anti-Inflammatory: Harpagophytum procumbens has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which involve the reduction of inflammation and swelling in the body, typically used to treat conditions such as arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
- Analgesic: Harpagophytum procumbens has been found to have analgesic properties, which provide pain relief and reduce the perception of pain, often used to treat conditions such as headaches, back pain, and muscle aches.
- Antioxidant: Harpagophytum procumbens has been found to have antioxidant properties, which involve the neutralization of free radicals and the prevention of oxidative stress, potentially used to protect against cell damage and various diseases.
- Antispasmodic: Harpagophytum procumbens has been found to have antispasmodic properties, which involve the relaxation of muscles and the prevention of spasms, often used to treat conditions such as menstrual cramps and muscle spasms.
- Pain Relief: Harpagophytum procumbens has been traditionally used to provide pain relief, particularly for conditions such as osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders.
- Antimicrobial: Limited studies suggest that Harpagophytum procumbens may have antimicrobial properties, which involve the inhibition of the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
What are the major healing constituents of Harpagophytum procumbens?
The healing constituents of Harpagophytum procumbens are primarily responsible for its therapeutic benefits.
Saponins, specifically harpagoside, harpagophytol, and harpagoside-6-O-acetate, are the most studied and contribute to anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. Flavonoids, including kaempferol and quercetin, exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, while phenolic acids like ferulic acid and caffeic acid display antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Glycosides, such as harpagoside and harpagophytol, are responsible for the plant's analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and spasmolytic effects, whereas alkaloids like harpagoside-6-O-acetate contribute to its immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties.
These constituents work synergistically to provide Harpagophytum procumbens with its well-documented healing properties, including pain relief, inflammation reduction, and immune system modulation.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Harpagophytum procumbens.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Harpagophytum procumbens and why they are important for health.
- Saponins: Saponins are triterpene glycosides found in Harpagophytum procumbens, characterized by their surface-active properties, hemolytic activity, and ability to form soap-like foams in aqueous solutions.
- Flavonoids: Flavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-cancer properties.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are a type of constituent in Harpagophytum procumbens, characterized by their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Glycosides: Glycosides found in Harpagophytum procumbens are a group of compounds that exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
- Alkaloids: Alkaloids found in Harpagophytum procumbens have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties.
- Triterpenoids: A class of compounds found in Harpagophytum procumbens, characterized by their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties.
- Tannins: Tannins in Harpagophytum procumbens have astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Coumarins: Coumarins are anticoagulant compounds.
- Phenolic glycosides: Phenolic glycosides are a type of phenolic compound found in Harpagophytum procumbens, characterized by a glycosidic bond between a phenolic aglycone and one or more sugar molecules.
- Sterols: Sterols are a group of compounds found in Harpagophytum procumbens, characterized by their ability to inhibit inflammation and exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Harpagophytum procumbens and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Saponins | HIGH | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Pain relief, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antiviral, Antibacterial |
| Flavonoids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anti-spasmodic, Vasodilator |
| Phenolic acids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anticancer |
| Glycosides | MEDIUM | Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory, Antimicrobial, Anti-arthritic |
| Alkaloids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Pain relief, Antispasmodic, Antibacterial, Antiviral |
| Triterpenoids | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Pain relief, Antinociceptive, Antioxidative, Protease inhibitor |
| Tannins | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Analgesic, Antihemorrhagic, Astringent |
| Coumarins | LOW | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic |
| Phenolic glycosides | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Immunomodulatory |
| Sterols | LOW | Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory, Analgesic |
What are the most used parts of Harpagophytum procumbens in medicine?
The most used parts of Harpagophytum procumbens for medicinal purposes are roots and rhizomes.
The roots primarily contain harpagoside, a saponin glycoside, which is responsible for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The rhizomes, on the other hand, are rich in sesquiterpene lactones, such as procumbide, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. The bioactive compounds in both roots and rhizomes contribute to their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, making them useful in treating conditions such as arthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders.
The medicinal properties of Harpagophytum procumbens roots and rhizomes are attributed to their ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines, reducing inflammation and pain.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Harpagophytum procumbens in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Harpagophytum procumbens in medicine and why.
- Roots: The roots of this plant are rich in harpagoside, procumbide, and harpagide, which are responsible for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties, providing relief from pain, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and supporting joint health and immune function.
- Rhizomes: The rhizomes of this plant contain a combination of harpagoside, harpagide, and other bioactive compounds, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects, potentially alleviating pain, reducing inflammation, and protecting against cell damage.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Harpagophytum procumbens mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Roots | Saponins, Alkaloids, Coumarins, Phenolic acids, Flavonoids, Triterpenes, Iridoids |
| Rhizomes | Iridoid glycosides, Saponins, Phenolic acids, Alkylamides, Flavonoids, Fatty acids, Terpenoids |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Harpagophytum procumbens?
The most common herbal preparation of Harpagophytum procumbens for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which contain a concentrated extract of the plant's roots and are often used to treat inflammation and pain.
Capsules are also widely used, typically containing a standardized extract of the plant's harpagoside content and prescribed for conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The salve, a topical preparation, is used to apply the plant's anti-inflammatory properties directly to affected areas, often for the relief of muscle and joint pain. Harpagophytum procumbens tea is a less concentrated preparation, often consumed as a dietary supplement to support digestive health and reduce inflammation.
Harpagophytum procumbens oil, typically extracted using a solvent such as glycerin or ethanol, is used in aromatherapy to promote relaxation and reduce pain.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Harpagophytum procumbens.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Harpagophytum procumbens and what are their main uses.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to alleviate joint pain and inflammation, improve sleep quality, and reduce muscle soreness associated with exercise, and is used to treat digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome.
- Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat pain, inflammation, and reduce swelling in conditions such as osteoarthritis and tendinitis.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is a topical preparation used to relieve pain and inflammation associated with arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions, as well as to reduce joint swelling and improve mobility.
- Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to treat pain and inflammation, improve sleep, and reduce symptoms of arthritis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as other inflammatory conditions.
- Oil: Oil made from this plant is used to reduce inflammation and pain, as well as to treat arthritis, rheumatism, and other musculoskeletal conditions.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Harpagophytum procumbens for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Tincture | Roots, Rhizomes |
| Capsule | Roots, Rhizomes |
| Salve | Roots, Rhizomes |
| Tea | Roots |
| Oil | Roots, Rhizomes |
Tincture
Harpagophytum procumbens tincture is widely used to treat inflammation, arthritis, digestive issues, gout, muscle soreness, joint pain, fibromyalgia, tendinitis, sprains, and chronic fatigue.
It is one of the most commonly used herbal remedies. The tincture often causes drowsiness, which is a common effect. Harpagophytum procumbens tincture is made from the roots and rhizomes of the plant.
The preparation requires some expertise, as it is moderately difficult to produce.
Below you find an image of Harpagophytum procumbens tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Harpagophytum procumbens tincture.
- Gather and clean the roots and rhizomes of Harpagophytum procumbens.
- Dry the roots and rhizomes in a well-ventilated area or using a food dehydrator.
- Combine the dried roots and rhizomes in a clean glass jar and cover them with a carrier oil, such as vegetable oil or glycerin.
- Steep the mixture in a cool, dark place for several weeks, shaking the jar occasionally to aid extraction.
- Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or coffee filter into another clean glass container, discarding the solids and retaining the liquid tincture.
Capsule
Harpagophytum procumbens capsule is a herbal remedy used to treat various conditions including rheumatism, arthritis, gout, muscle pain, inflammation, degenerative joint disease, back pain, and fibromyalgia.
It is one of the most commonly used herbal preparations for these purposes. The capsule is known to have a very common effect - reducing inflammation and relieving pain. It is typically made from the roots and rhizomes of the Harpagophytum procumbens plant.
The preparation process is relatively simple, as the roots and rhizomes are harvested, dried, and then processed into a capsule form.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Harpagophytum procumbens capsule.
- Harvest the roots and rhizomes of Harpagophytum procumbens plants, clean them thoroughly, and dry them completely.
- Crush the dried roots and rhizomes into a fine powder to enhance their bioavailability.
- Mix the powdered roots and rhizomes with a suitable excipient, such as cellulose or starch, to facilitate capsule formation.
- Fill empty capsules with the herbal mixture, making sure to fill each capsule to the desired capacity.
- Seal the capsules securely and store them in a cool, dry place to preserve their potency.
Salve
Harpagophytum procumbens salve is a popular herbal remedy used to treat joint inflammation, arthritis, muscle pain, sprains, and bruises.
It's commonly used due to its effectiveness in reducing pain and inflammation. One of the common effects of this salve is its ability to provide quick relief from muscle and joint pain. The salve is typically made from the roots and rhizomes of the Harpagophytum procumbens plant, which are rich in harpagoside and other bioactive compounds.
While making the salve can be moderately difficult due to the need for precise extraction and purification of the plant's active ingredients, the end result is a potent and effective topical treatment for various musculoskeletal conditions.
Below you find an image of Harpagophytum procumbens salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Harpagophytum procumbens salve.
- Gather and clean the Harpagophytum procumbens roots and rhizomes.
- Dry the roots and rhizomes in a warm, well-ventilated area or using a food dehydrator.
- Grind the dried roots and rhizomes into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle or a coffee grinder.
- Mix the powdered roots and rhizomes with a carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil, in a double boiler.
- Strain and filter the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean container, then allow it to cool and solidify into a salve.
Tea
Harpagophytum procumbens tea is a herbal remedy used to treat rheumatism, gout, arthritis, inflammation, pain, digestive issues, insomnia, and stress.
This tea is a common treatment option due to its widespread use in traditional medicine. One of its most common effects is the reduction of inflammation and pain, which makes it a popular choice among those suffering from chronic conditions. The preparation is made from the roots of the Harpagophytum procumbens plant, which contain a number of bioactive compounds, including harpagoside and procumbides.
Harpagophytum procumbens tea is relatively easy to make at home, as it typically involves steeping dried roots in hot water, making it a convenient and accessible treatment option.
Below you find an image of Harpagophytum procumbens tea.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Harpagophytum procumbens tea.
- Harvest and clean the roots of the Harpagophytum procumbens plant.
- Dry the cleaned roots in a cool, dark place to preserve their properties.
- Grind the dried roots into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
- Combine the ground root powder with boiling water in a pot to create the tea.
- Steep the mixture for 5-10 minutes and then strain the liquid to produce the herbal tea.
Oil
Harpagophytum procumbens oil, also known as devil's claw oil, is a herbal preparation commonly used to treat inflammation, arthritis, muscle pain, gout, joint pain, soreness, tendinitis, sprains, bruises and fatigue.
It's widely used due to its effectiveness in reducing pain and inflammation. Harpagophytum procumbens oil has a common effect of reducing pain and inflammation in people who use it. The oil is made from the roots and rhizomes of the Harpagophytum procumbens plant.
It's a labor-intensive process to extract the active compounds from the roots and rhizomes, making the oil difficult to produce.
Below you find an image of Harpagophytum procumbens oil.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Harpagophytum procumbens oil.
- Gather and clean dried roots and rhizomes of Harpagophytum procumbens.
- Dry the roots and rhizomes further in a low-temperature oven or with a desiccant.
- Grind the dried roots and rhizomes into a fine powder using a coffee grinder or mortar and pestle.
- Mix the powder with a carrier oil, such as olive or coconut oil, in a ratio suitable for herbal oil extraction.
- Allow the mixture to infuse in a cool, dark place for several weeks, shaking the container regularly to facilitate oil absorption.
What are the possible side effects of Harpagophytum procumbens if used improperly?
The most common side effects Harpagophytum procumbens gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Experience: Subjective sense of improved well-being and reduced pain perception.
- Develop: Tolerable hypersensitivity reaction, characterized by erythema, pruritus, and urticaria, due to increased IgE antibody levels.
- Show: Low blood sugar levels due to excessive Harpagophytum procumbens consumption.
- Increase: Excretion of water and electrolytes in the urine increases
- Worsen: Increased pain and inflammation in conditions being treated
- Aggravate: Increased pain and inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- Induce: Increased urine production
- Manifest: Development of visible symptoms
- Trigger: Hypersensitivity to stimuli or certain events.
- Prolong: Hypotension is prolonged when Harpagophytum procumbens is used for an extended period.
What are the precautions to take before using Harpagophytum procumbens medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Harpagophytum procumbens medicinally are to consult a doctor before use, especially if you have a history of kidney or liver disease, as it may exacerbate these conditions.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding should be approached with caution, as the effects of Harpagophytum procumbens on the fetus or infant are not well understood. Dosage guidelines must be followed to avoid adverse effects, which can occur with excessive consumption of the plant's extracts. Interactions with medications such as blood thinners and diabetes medications are possible, and individuals taking these medications should monitor their condition closely.
Additionally, allergic reactions may occur in some individuals, and long-term use may have side effects, while digestive issues may arise due to the plant's high fiber content, and the quality and potency can vary by source, requiring careful selection of the product, and children should use it with caution and under adult supervision, and follow proper preparation and handling to minimize risks.
The most important precautions you must take before using Harpagophytum procumbens for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Consult A Doctor Before Use: Use under medical supervision due to potential interactions with medications and health conditions.
- Pregnancy And Breastfeeding Warning: Harpagophytum procumbens may affect the fetus or infant if used during pregnancy or breastfeeding; consult a healthcare provider for guidance.
- Dosage Guidelines Must Be Followed: Dosage guidelines must be strictly adhered to as excessive consumption of Harpagophytum procumbens may cause adverse effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances and allergic reactions.
- Interactions With Medications Possible: Harpagophytum procumbens may interact with blood thinners, diabetes medications, and other medications.
- Allergic Reactions May Occur: Some individuals experience allergic reactions to Harpagophytum procumbens.
- Digestive Issues May Arise: Ingestion of Harpagophytum procumbens can cause gastrointestinal upset, including diarrhea and stomach cramps.
- Long-Term Use May Have Side Effects: Prolonged use can cause gastrointestinal disturbances, diarrhea, and increased risk of bleeding in patients taking anticoagulant medications.
- Quality And Potency Vary By Source: Quality and potency of Harpagophytum procumbens depend on source, affecting efficacy.
- Children Should Use With Caution: Children under 2 years old should not use Harpagophytum procumbens due to potential harm from high levels of harpagoside.
- Follow Proper Preparation And Handling: Properly prepare and handle Harpagophytum procumbens roots to avoid contamination and ensure efficacy.
Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Harpagophytum procumbens?
Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Harpagophytum procumbens. Here are some studies that are worthy of notice.
According to a study published by "Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity", Harpagophytum procumbens has shown a high degree of antioxidative capacity, indicating its potential to counteract oxidative stress in the body. The results also suggest that Harpagophytum procumbens possesses anti-inflammatory effects, as it was found to suppress the respiratory burst in human neutrophils when challenged with certain stimuli. This implies that it may be beneficial in relieving symptoms of inflammation and could potentially be used as a natural remedy for reducing inflammation in the body.
In another study published by Phytotherapy Research: PTR, Harpagophytum procumbens exhibits antioxidant effects that may contribute to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. These antioxidant effects, demonstrated by the plant's ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit the production of inflammatory compounds, support its potential use in treating degenerative joint diseases. By mitigating tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species, Harpagophytum procumbens may provide relief from inflammation and pain associated with these conditions.
A different research published by "Journal of natural products", Harpagophytum procumbens has been found to have anti-inflammatory properties, with its major active components interacting to inhibit the expression of COX-2, a key enzyme responsible for inducing inflammation. The study revealed that harpagoside and 8-coumaroylharpagide, in particular, exhibited significant reductions in COX-2 expression, suggesting their potential in treating inflammatory disorders. This suggests that Harpagophytum procumbens may be a valuable natural remedy for managing inflammation and related conditions.
