hairy gumplant

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• hairy gumweed
• grindelia
• marsh gumweed
• Great Valley Gumplant
• San Francisco Gumplant

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Grindelia hirsutula subsp. rubricaulis
• Grindelia hirsutula f. patens
• Grindelia robusta var. patens
• Grindelia oregana f. wilkesiana
• Grindelia nana f. longisquama
• Grindelia hirsutula var. acutifolia
• Grindelia camporum var. interioris
• Grindelia robusta
• Grindelia cuneifolia var. paludosa
• Grindelia hirsutula var. revoluta
• Grindelia perennis
• Grindelia squarrosa var. quasiperennis
• Grindelia revoluta
• Grindelia fastigiata var. revoluta
• Grindelia humilis f. reflexa
• Grindelia arenicola var. pachyphylla
• Grindelia arenicola f. trichophora
• Grindelia rubricaulis var. interioris
• Grindelia rubricaulis var. maritima
• Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima
• Grindelia robusta var. maritima
• Grindelia maritima
• Grindelia humilis
• Grindelia rubricaulis
• Grindelia fastigiata
• Grindelia inornata var. angusta
• Grindelia hirsutula var. calva
• Grindelia hirsutula f. glabrata
• Grindelia patens
• Grindelia hirsutula f. pedunculoides
• Grindelia oregana subsp. wilkesiana
• Grindelia pacifica
• Grindelia oregana
• Grindelia hirsutula var. subintegra
• Grindelia rubricaulis var. robusta
• Grindelia hirsutula f. tomentulosa
• Grindelia humilis f. pubescens
• Grindelia hirsutula var. brevisquama
• Grindelia hirsutula f. cacumena
• Grindelia acutifolia
• Grindelia maritima f. anomala
• Grindelia rubricaulis var. permixta
• Grindelia rubricaulis f. minor
• Grindelia rubricaulis f. pubescens
• Grindelia rubricaulis f. villosa
• Grindelia camporum f. foliacea

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, known scientifically as Grindelia hirsutula, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Asterales. It is a member of the Asteraceae family and is specifically categorized within the genus Grindelia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad geographical distribution spanning several different continents and climate zones. In Northern Europe, its presence can be documented within Great Britain. Moving toward Middle Europe, the species is also found growing in Germany. The distribution extends to North America, where it inhabits the Northwest Territories of Subarctic America and the province of Alberta in Western Canada. Additionally, the plant reaches the Southern Hemisphere, specifically appearing in New South Wales, Australia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Grindelia hirsutula is characterized by its status as a perennial species, a trait that allows it to persist in its environment over multiple growing seasons. As a perennial, the plant establishes a robust root system that provides the necessary energy reserves to survive dormant periods and re-emerge annually. This long-term survival strategy enables the plant to navigate varying environmental conditions and fluctuations in resource availability. Throughout its lifecycle, the plant undergoes seasonal cycles of vegetative growth and reproductive development, utilizing its perennial nature to ensure consistent presence within its ecological niche.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Grindelia hirsutula is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb, specifically classified as a forb. This plant is a self-supporting species rather than a climber, liana, or vine, and it functions as an independent organism with no parasitic or epiphytic tendencies, maintaining a terrestrial existence. In terms of stature, it is a relatively low-growing plant, with a height ranging from a minimum of 0.5 m to a maximum of 1.2 m. Its habitat preference is primarily terrestrial, distinguishing it from aquatic or semiaquatic environments.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Growth form :

forb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

1.2 m

Plant height min:

0.5 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Grindelia hirsutula is characterized by a robust vegetative structure designed to support its metabolic functions, specifically through its specialized foliage. The plant utilizes its leaves to manage gas exchange and photosynthesis, with leaf dimensions varying significantly depending on environmental conditions and developmental stages. The leaves exhibit a morphological range in length, typically measuring between a minimum of 4 cm and a maximum of 18 cm. Complementing this longitudinal variation is a corresponding breadth in leaf width, which spans from a minimum of 1 cm to a maximum of 3 cm. This structural plasticity in leaf surface area allows the plant to optimize light interception and regulate transpiration rates within its habitat.

Leaf length max:

18 cm

Leaf length min:

4 cm

Leaf width max:

3 cm

Leaf width min:

1 cm

Reproduction

The reproduction of Grindelia hirsutula is characterized by the production of dry, indehiscent fruits classified as achenes. The seeds contained within these fruits exhibit consistent volumetric dimensions, with a recorded seed volume of 4.2 mm³ across minimum, maximum, and mean measurements. Regarding seed mass, the plant displays a degree of variability, with individual seeds weighing as little as 0.001072 g and reaching a maximum of 0.004709 g, resulting in an average seed mass of approximately 0.002879 g.

Dehiscence :

indehiscent

Fruit dryness :

dry

Fruit type :

achene

Seed mass max:

0.004709 g

Seed mass mean:

0.00287866666666667 g

Seed mass min:

0.001072 g

Seed volume max:

4.2 mm³

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Grindelia hirsutula has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include flower.

Flower

1. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology

Chemicals

Grindelia hirsutula has 5 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Grindelic acid, Manoyl oxide, Quercetin-3-methylether, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide.

Grindelic acid

1. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology

Manoyl oxide

1. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology

Quercetin-3-methylether

1. Fitoterapia

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

1. Molecular and cellular biochemistry

nitric oxide

1. Molecular and cellular biochemistry

Preparations

Grindelia hirsutula has 2 reported preparations identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include Whole plant methanolic extracts, resinous exudate.

Whole plant methanolic extracts

1. Molecular and cellular biochemistry

Resinous exudate

1. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology