native cobbler's pegs

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• native cobbler's pegs

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Bidens denudata
• Bidens meyeniana
• Bidens tenuifolia
• Coreopsis tanna
• Coreopsis tannensis
• Glossogyne bidens
• Glossogyne pinnatifida
• Glossogyne tenuifolia var. divaricata
• Zinnia bidens
• Glossogyne tannensis
• Neuractis bidens
• Glossogyne tenuifolia
• Bidens novae-caledoniae
• Bidens rigida
• Glossogyne bidentidea
• Glossogyne oluanpiensis
• Glossogyne pedunculosa

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta within the class Equisetopsida. It is further classified under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Asterales, falling into the family Asteraceae. Finally, its taxonomic identity is defined by the genus Glossocardia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a diverse geographical distribution spanning across several distinct regions of Asia and Africa. In East Tropical Africa, its presence is specifically noted within the borders of Tanzania. Within China, it can be found in the tropical Hainan province, the China Southeast region, and the high-altitude areas of Tibet. Furthermore, its range extends into Eastern Asia, specifically inhabiting the Kazan-retto area. Collectively, these locations highlight the wide ecological variety inhabited by Glossocardia bidens.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Glossocardia bidens is strictly defined by a highly specific altitudinal niche, as it is found exclusively within a narrow elevational range. This species inhabits environments situated at a constant altitude of 900 m AMSL, representing a singular elevational band that characterizes its preferred habitat. This lack of vertical variation suggests a specialized adaptation to the specific climatic, thermal, and atmospheric conditions present at this exact level above mean sea level.

Elevational range max:

900 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Glossocardia bidens is characterized by its status as a perennial species, allowing the plant to persist through multiple growing seasons rather than completing its life cycle within a single year. As a perennial, it maintains a stable presence in its habitat, often establishing robust root systems that support continuous growth and regrowth following periods of dormancy or environmental stress. This prolonged lifecycle enables the plant to invest energy into long-term survival and repeated reproductive efforts, contributing to its ability to colonize and stabilize within its specific ecological niche over extended durations.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Glossocardia bidens is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb, functioning as a self-supporting plant that does not require climbing structures. As an independent organism, it does not exhibit parasitic or epiphytic behavior, maintaining a primarily terrestrial habitat. The plant reaches a modest stature, with heights typically ranging from a minimum of 0.15 m to a maximum of 0.5 m, maintaining an average plant height of approximately 0.225 m.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

0.5 m

Plant height mean:

0.225 m

Plant height min:

0.15 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Glossocardia bidens is characterized by a specialized photosynthetic pathway, specifically utilizing the C4 mechanism to optimize carbon fixation and water-use efficiency. Morphologically, its vegetative physiology is expressed through distinct leaf dimensions that vary according to developmental stages or environmental conditions. The leaves exhibit a notable range in length, with a minimum measurement of 4 cm, a mean length of 6 cm, and a maximum potential reaching up to 8 cm. Complementing these longitudinal dimensions, the leaf width is relatively narrow, ranging from a minimum of 0.18 cm to a maximum of 0.2 cm, indicating a highly specialized leaf architecture suited to its metabolic processes.

Leaf length max:

8 cm

Leaf length mean:

6 cm

Leaf length min:

4 cm

Leaf width max:

0.2 cm

Leaf width min:

0.18 cm

Photosynthetic pathway :

C4

Reproduction

The reproduction of Glossocardia bidens is characterized by the production of small, indehiscent achene fruits. These fruits typically measure an average length of 0.75 cm, with individual specimens ranging from a minimum of 0.7 cm to a maximum of 0.8 cm in length. Within these fruits, the seeds are remarkably fine, possessing a mean mass of approximately 0.0011075 g. The variation in seed size is minimal, with the seed mass fluctuating between a minimum of 0.001025 g and a maximum of 0.00119 g.

Dehiscence :

indehiscent

Fruit length max:

0.8 cm

Fruit length mean:

0.75 cm

Fruit length min:

0.7 cm

Fruit type :

achene

Seed mass max:

0.00119 g

Seed mass mean:

0.0011075 g

Seed mass min:

0.001025 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Glossocardia bidens has 5 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Luteolin-7-glucoside, OLEANOLIC ACID, luteolin, CHLOROGENIC ACID, Phenols.

Luteolin-7-glucoside

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Journal of biomedical science
3. Journal of ethnopharmacology

OLEANOLIC ACID

1. Journal of biomedical science
2. Botanical studies
3. Journal of ethnopharmacology

luteolin

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Botanical studies
3. Journal of ethnopharmacology

CHLOROGENIC ACID

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Phenols

1. The American journal of Chinese medicine

Activities

Glossocardia bidens has 2 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antipyretic, Hepatoprotective.

Antipyretic

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Journal of biomedical science

Hepatoprotective

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Botanical studies

Preparations

Glossocardia bidens has 6 reported preparations identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include GT ethanol extract, GT water extract, cold water extract, ethanol extract of Glossogyne tenuifolia, ethanolic extract.

Gt ethanol extract

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Gt water extract

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Cold water extract

1. The American journal of Chinese medicine

Ethanol extract of glossogyne tenuifolia

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Ethanolic extract

1. The American journal of Chinese medicine

Hot water extract

1. The American journal of Chinese medicine